No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Hyperlipidemias* ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors*

Myocardial bridging (MB) is a common anatomical variant rather than a congenital anomaly, and it is usually considered benign. It is generally confined to the mid-portion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Atherosclerotic plaques are often located in the segment proximal to the bridged segment, although the tunneled segment is typically spared. Conventional coronary angiography is the gold standard for detection, but it is invasive and may not be sensitive enough to detect a thin bridge. The prevalence of MB reported in multidetector CT (MDCT) coronary angiographic series has ranged from 3.5% to 30.5% in patients with chest pain or with suspected or known coronary artery disease. Today, MDCT coronary angiography is an alternative noninvasive imaging tool that allows for easy and accurate evaluation of MB.
Chest Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Myocardial Bridging ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Prevalence

Patients with hemophilia generally have a reduced frequency of coronary artery disease compared to the general population. As advances in the management of hemophilia have increased their life expectancy, the prevalence of coronary artery disease also has increased. However, there are no standard treatment guidelines for coronary artery disease in patients with hemophilia, especially in the field of coronary intervention. We report the case of a patient with severe hemophilia A who presented with acute coronary syndrome and was successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Angioplasty ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Hemophilia A ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Prevalence

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is increasing. Although there have been great efforts regarding the early diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients with the development of non-invasive imaging modalities, many diabetic patients are still managed with invasive coronary therapies such as percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft in clinical practice. Coronary angiography is a gold standard method for detecting and treating coronary artery disease; however, this method is invasive and thus can elicit a relatively higher prevalence of procedure-related complications than non-invasive diagnostic methods. Accordingly, the appropriate use of coronary angiography could play an important role in the reduction of unnecessary complications as well as physician decision making. Recently, appropriate use criteria for coronary angiography in many types of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease have been documented. This article demonstrates several aspects to be considered when performing coronary angiography and the appropriate use criteria of coronary angiography in diabetic patients.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Decision Making ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Prevalence ; Transplants

The prevalence of coronary artery disease is gradually increasing. The importance of accurate, early diagnosis and treatment has been emphasized repeatedly, given the possible fatal outcome of coronary artery disease, such as in acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. In order to detect patients at high risk of coronary artery disease, noninvasive multi-detector computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCAG) has recently been introduced for clinical use. It has become popular thanks to its noninvasiveness and high negative predictive value. Most studies have focused on these advantages, while neglecting a number of flaws in multi-detector CTCAG. We present two cases of multi-detector CTCAG with false positive and false negative results. We would like to emphasize that the interpretation of the findings obtained with multi-detector CTCAG should depend on the clinical findings in the patient, along with other factors, such as the location or length of the lesion.
Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Early Diagnosis ; Fatal Outcome ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prevalence

BACKGROUND: Although it is known that patients wth peripheral vascular disease are at high risk for coronary arterial disease, however, it has not been determined that patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) correlates with peripheral vascular disease(PVD). This study was designed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of peripheral vascular disease(PVD) in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD). METHODS: A total of one hundred seventy-eight patients with CAD confirmed by coronary angiogram(145 male, age 58.5+/-10.1) were included in this study from February 1992 to May 1994. Coronary and peripheral angiograms were performed in all patients and the patients were divided into two groups; patients with PVD dand patients without PVD. Clinical characteristics were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Peripheral vascular disease was present in 49 patients(27.5%) among 178 CAD patients. The mean age of patients with PVD was significantly older than that of patients without PVD. The hypertension was statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). There were no major differences in the number of risk factors or number of stenotic coronary arteries in patients with and without PVD. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PVD in patients with CAD was high and it is reasonable to state that most common risk factors for coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis were age, hypertension and obesity.
Atherosclerosis ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Obesity ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: To determine prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), who underwent Coronary Angiography (CA) at the UP-PGH. Secondary: to determine severity of CAD lesions among these patients.

METHODS: This is a descriptive study of adult patients with Congenital Heart Disease who underwent selective coronary angiography from September 1998 to December 2010 at the Philippine General Hospital.

RESULTS: 52 adult patients with CHD underwent CA, Ten (19%) had angiographic evidence of coronary atherosclerosis visually. Significant CAD was found in 11.5% (n=6), all patients being ≥ 40 years old (mean age 54 ± 7.9 years; range 47 -61); 4 (66%) are female; Five (83%) have documented traditional CVD risk factors, mostly hypertensive (33%). None with significant CAD had cyanosis, 4 patients (66%) have typical chest pain. Majority of CHD's were simple (61%), mostly atrial septal defects (36%). Four (n=4)(70%) patients with Simple CHD, 2 (30%) patients with Intermediate CHD and none of those with Complex CHD had significant CAD.

CONCLUSION: Prevalence of CAD among ACHD patients using CA in this study is 11.5%. This study supports the notion of routine CA among patients with ACHD ≥ 35 years old with traditional CV risk factors. Need for primary prevention of CAD and modification of traditional CV risk factors among these patients is emphasized, as important with the general population.

It is well known that diabetic patients have a high risk of cardiovascular events, and although there has been a tremendous effort to reduce these cardiovascular risks, the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients remains high. Therefore, the early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) is necessary in those diabetic patients who are at risk of cardiovascular events. Significant medical and radiological advancements, including coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), mean that it is now possible to investigate the characteristics of plaques, instead of solely evaluating the calcium level of the coronary artery. Recently, several studies reported that the prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (SCA) is higher than expected, and this could impact on CAD progression in asymptomatic diabetic patients. In addition, several reports suggest the potential benefit of using CCTA for screening for SCA in asymptomatic diabetic patients, which might dramatically decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events. For these reasons, the medical interest in SCA in diabetic patients is increasing. In this article, we sought to review the results of studies on CAD in asymptomatic diabetic patients and discuss the clinical significance and possibility of using CCTA to screen for SCA.
Angiography ; Atherosclerosis ; Calcium ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Prevalence

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to compare the values of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measured with two different non-invasive methods as predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients who had undergone coronary angiography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From 6373 patients who visited our laboratory for non-invasive procedures, we enrolled 965 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. Data for baPWV and peripheral augmentation index (pAI) were recorded. CAD was defined as greater than 50% stenosis of a major epicardial artery in a coronary angiogram. In addition, the severity of CAD was classified as: none/minimal or 1-, 2-, or 3-vessel disease, based on previous or current angiographic findings. RESULTS: Among 965 subjects, the mean age was 63.7+/-11.6 years, and 58.2% were male. Compared with subjects without CAD disease, those with CAD showed higher values of baPWV (16.6+/-3.5 m/sec vs. 15.9+/-3.4 m/sec, p<0.001), and lower values of pAI (73.5+/-15.9% vs. 76.0+/-15.7%, p=0.01). When the severity of CAD was expressed as none/minimal or 1-, 2-, or 3-vessel disease, there was a significant association between the extent of CAD and baPWV (p<0.001). In univariate analysis, high PWV and low pAI were associated with an increased prevalence of CAD (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Increased baPWV and decreased pAI were associated with the presence of CAD in the elderly.
Aged ; Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness*

It has been recommended that the evaluation of coronary artery disease should be performed before valve surgery. This recommendation is based on the observation that coronary artery disease may be an appreciable cause of morbidity and mortality after valve surgery. ACC/AHA joint committee released the guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of coronary artery disease in patients with valvular heart disease. However, these guidelines are derived from the data of western developed countries, and there is very limited data in Korean adult patient unfortunately. The incidence of coronary artery disease is relatively low and concomitant coronary bypass surgery with valve surgery is less frequently performed in Korea compared to US. Because the characteristics of patients were quite different than US including age, sex, the cause of valve disease, therefore the optimal strategies for diagnosis in Korean adult patient is necessary.
Adult ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Developed Countries ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Korea ; Prevalence