A study on the infection of 11 cases received the removal of contraceptive devices and sterilization has shown that there were no vaginitis, or uteritis. The inflammatory usually occurred in the first years of operation, especially first three month. The common symptoms were abdominal pain, metrostaxis. These symptoms indicated the infection of pelvic cavity after implantation of contraceptive device. It should replace the other contraceptive methods.
Contraceptive Devices ; Contraception ; women ; infection

An introduction of the design, features and contraceptive principle of an oviduct contraceptive plug is given in this paper. The plug is made of polyethylene, based on the oviductal morphology. It can be introduced and removed by a hysteroscope and is expected to be a transcervical, implantable and permanent intratubal contraceptive device.
Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Equipment Design ; Polyethylene ; Sterilization, Tubal ; instrumentation

This paper introduces the basic content of the compulsory national standard ISO 7439:2015 Copper-bearing contraceptive intrauterine devices--Requirements and tests standard analysis, and expounds the reasons for revising part of the standard during the conversion process according to the actual market situation of intrauterine contraceptive device containing copper in China. As a compulsory basic universal standard, it has a guiding significance for the manufacturers of IUD and can promote the improvement of product quality.
China ; Contraceptive Agents ; Copper ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices

The intrauterine device (IUD) is gaining popularity as a reversible form of contraception. Ultrasonography serves as first-line imaging for the evaluation of IUD position in patients with pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, or absent retrieval strings. This review highlights the imaging of both properly positioned and malpositioned IUDs. The problems associated with malpositioned IUDs include expulsion, displacement, embedment, and perforation. Management considerations depend on the severity of the malposition and the presence or absence of symptoms. Three-dimensional ultrasonography has proven to be more sensitive in the evaluation of more subtle findings of malposition, particularly side-arm embedment. Familiarity with the ultrasonographic features of properly positioned and malpositioned IUDs is essential.
Contraception ; Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices* ; Pelvic Pain ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of studies that explore the perceptions of male partners of adolescent females towards the intention of pursuing contraception.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of male partner perceptions in the intention to use of contraception among female adolescents to prevent unplanned repeat pregnancies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An urban sample of 102 male partners of female adolescents with previous pregnancy experience coming from the out-patient department and selected barangay health center responded to a two-part questionnaire that explored their perceptions towards contraception. Demographic data and their positive and negative views, attitudes and actual practice of contraception as it affects future intention to engage in family planning methods were determined.

RESULTS: Male sexual partners have positive perceptions towards contraception. Despite this, utilization rate was still low (56.8%). Positively correlated with contraceptive intention include the male partner's advanced age and high level of education. Perceptions that favor strong intention include careful pregnancy planning in the future, not wanting a pregnancy too soon, knowledge of a specific method, its perceived benefits, "shared decision" making, feeling "happy" when contraceptives are offered rather than forced and when a woman lacks trust in him. Forcing contraception by the female adolescent partner was negatively correlated with contraceptive intention.

CONCLUSION: Shared decision making towards contraception in order to reduce unintended pregnancies should engage the male partner's participation by correcting prevailing misperceptions.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Pregnancy ; Family Planning Services ; Contraceptive Agents ; Sexual Partners ; Outpatients ; Contraception ; Pregnancy, Unplanned ; Contraceptive Devices

Various intravesical foreign bodies have been extracted from the bladder. Their introduction into the bladder may be through self-insertion, iatrogenic insertion or migration from the adjacent organs. The means of extracting the foreign bodies differ according to the nature and characteristics of the foreign bodies and to minimize bladder and urethral injury. However, complete extraction should also be confirmed after the extraction procedure. Bladder stone formation in an intra-uterine contraceptive device that perforates into the bladder seldom occurs. We experienced a case of a bladder stone that formed in an intra-uterine contraceptive device, which had perforated into the bladder. The possibility of an intravesical foreign body should be considered in any patient with chronic unexplained lower urinary tract symptoms.
Contraceptive Devices* ; Foreign Bodies ; Foreign-Body Migration ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Urinary Bladder Calculi* ; Urinary Bladder*

We describe the successful removal of a pelvic contraceptive coil in a symptomatic 46-year-old patient who had Essure devices for four years, using a combined hysteroscopy-laparoscopy-fluoroscopy approach. Following normal hysteroscopy, at laparoscopy the right Essure implant was disrupted and its outer nitinol coil had perforated the fallopian tube. However, the inner rod (containing polyethylene terephthalate) had migrated to an extrapelvic location, near the proximal colon. In contrast, the left implant was situated within the corresponding tube. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to confirm complete removal of the device, which was further verified by postoperative computed tomography. The patient's condition improved after surgery and she continues to do well. This is the first report to describe this technique in managing Essure complications remote from time of insertion. Our case highlights the value and limitations of preoperative and intraoperative imaging to map Essure fragment location before surgery.
Colon ; Contraceptive Devices* ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Fluoroscopy* ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Laparoscopy ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene

Recently, research on male reproductive ability brings along the concern on male reproductive health. At present time, the situation of reproductive health was not optimistic and many problems need to be solved. In this article, many important topics were included, such as the changing and the possible reasons of male reproductive health; much concern was needed for babies, children, and male juvenile; increasing tendency of the infection rates of male urogenital system; research on male infertility needed to be explored deeply; there was no satisfactory methods for male contraception; the diagnosis and treatment of male erectile dysfunction were not sufficient for the need; research on andropause was at the primary stage; life regime of men needed to be adjusted. Concerning for male reproductive health is the responsibility of both medical workers and whole society.
Contraceptive Devices, Male ; Genital Diseases, Male ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Reproductive Medicine ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Family planning is a very complex matter and has many ramifications so that one may expect a variety of problems besetting operation of family planning programs. One of the problems advocated so far is the drop-out rate or delinquent appointment rate of family planning clinics which is known to be as high as to deserve special attention. It is an urgent issue to be studied so that the family planning clinics could take measures to insure the continued optimal utilization of the services offered. Hence, the Nanakuli Family Planning Clinic was chosen as a sample to study and find out any differences and similarities between the "Delinquents" and "Non-delinquents" of the clinic, hoping that any meaningful facts brought out by this study could get the clinic to have the optimal utilization of the services by it's clients. Specific conclusions resulting from this study are the optimal utilization of family planning service by clients could not be expected without providing provisions for the biological, situational, and environmental problems of the clients as well as the administrative and managerial problems besetting the clinic operation itself.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Contraceptive Agents/supply & distribution ; Contraceptive Devices/supply & distribution ; Contraceptives, Oral/supply & distribution ; Family Planning/manpower ; Family Planning/utilization* ; Female ; Hawaii ; Human ; Middle Age ; Pregnancy

This study taking gestodene (GEST) as a model, investigated the factors affecting reservoir-type intravaginal ring (IVR)'s drug release. This paper reported a gestodene intravaginal ring of reservoir design, comprising a gestodene silicone elastomer core encased in a non-medicated silicone sheath, separately manufactured by reaction injection moulding at 80 degrees C and heating vulcanization at 130 degrees C is reported. The test investigated the factors affecting drug release through a single variable method, taking the drug release rates of 21 days as standards. When changing the thickness of the controlling sheath outside, the ratio of the first day of drug release and mean daily release (MDR), named the relatively burst effect, is closing to 1 with the thickness of controlling sheath increasing, while the 1.25 mm sheath corresponding to 1.04 controlled the burst release effectively; a positive correlation (r = 0.992 2) existed between the average drug release (Q/t) and drug loading (A) within a certain range. The C6-165 controlling sheath with high solubility of GEST is easier to achieve controlled release of the drug; GEST crystalline power is more effective to implement controlled release of drugs among difficent states of the drug. A 1/4 fractional segment core gives a relatively burst effect of 1.76, while the 1/1 and 1/2 are 1.93 and 1.87 separately, at the same drug loading, concluding that use of a fractional segment core would allow development of a suitable GEST reservoir IVR. In summary, GEST reservoir-type IVR could be adjusted by the thickness of controlling sheath, the loading of drug, the material properties of controlling sheath, the dispersion state of drug, the additive composition and structure of intravaginal ring, to control the drug release behavior and achieve the desired drug release rate.
Administration, Intravaginal ; Contraceptive Agents, Female ; administration & dosage ; Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Norpregnenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Silicone Elastomers ; chemistry ; Solubility