The cross-sectional study included 384 childbearing age was conducted from 2nd to 28th January, 2004 in Tuan Dao commune, Son Dong district, Bac Giang province. Four hundred married women in childbearing age were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis such as frequencies, percentage, means, Chi-square, and Fisher exact test. The result showed that the majority of the respondents used contraceptives. Intra-uterine devices (IUD) was the predominant method, followed by condom, female sterilization, withdrawal, oral pill and periodic abstinence. Other modern methods like injection. Norplant were not applied widely among respondents. There were statistically significant differences between contraceptive use and age, fertility, income, information access, communication on contraceptive, perceived need, preference to have son. In contrary, there were no statistically significant differences between contraceptive use and education and occupation. There were no statistic significant differences between abortion and related factors were found in this study.
Contraceptive Agents ; Women

The study was conducted at 3 provinces: Bac Ninh, Nam Dinh and Ha Tay from November 2001 to July 2002. At each province, 100 women, aged from 21 to 39years old, average blood pressure of 107/68mmHg, average weight of 47kg and average height of 154cm were selected into study. Study on acceptability of 300 Vietnamese women using contractive drug Mercilon, the results showed that: satisfying and acceptance rate is so high about 99%, the side effect was just a little and decreased gradually depending on using duration, menstrual periods are in monthly and frequently, only 1 case faced with amenorrhea, and another case experienced excessive menstruation, 4 cases give up study because of side effects. Thus, satisfying and acceptance rate in Vietnamese women is so high.
Contraceptive Agents ; Women ; Pancuronium

The study was conducted in 534 mothers of reproductive age at 30 communes in 3 districts of Can Tho province. The study addressed the usage of contraceptive methods, antenatal care and related factors. The results showed that the proportion of women using contraceptive methods was 65.9%, among them 82.7% used modern methods. Acceptance of family planning between women with different educational and economical status varied. The acceptance was lower in poorer and less educated groups. The rate of contraceptive failure was 6.9%. The proportion of women who had ever had natural abortion was 14%. There were no significant differences of these rates by education levels and household economical status. The proportions of the better education and the wealthy women giving birth in hospitals were higher than the poorly and less educated women who had birth delivery at CHSs and midwife houses (54.2% vs. 42.5% and 55.1% vs. 12%, respectively).
Contraception ; Contraceptive Agents

Background: In the Philippines, the extent to which hormonal contraceptives (HC) are used for reasons other than birth control is unknown. This study aims to examine how Filipino women use HC for contraceptive and non-contraceptive indications. Methods: This is Project 1 of a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a hospital-based (Project 1) and community-based (Project 2) survey. The questionnaire is adapted from the Georgia Reproductive Health Survey (RHS) 2005 and The Fog Zone 2009 from Guttmacher Institute. A face-to-face questionnaire collected demographic information and issues related to knowledge, attitude and experience in HC use among 15-45-year old Filipino women (n=244) seen at the Gynecologic Outpatient Department of the Philippine General Hospital. Results: Filipino women showed positive attitudes towards efficacy and safety of HC, which positively correlated with patterns of use. Majority possessed little knowledge regarding OCPs (82%), injectables (56%), and IUDs (39%). The major reasons for HC use were contraception (46%) and menstrual regulation (26%). Pills (77%) were most commonly utilized. A doctor’s recommendation (67%) primarily influenced choice of HC. Four out of 10 reported some difficulty in HC use. Conclusion: Although with limited knowledge, Filipino women have positive attitude towards, and have utilized HC both for gynecologic and contraceptive purposes.
Contraceptive Agents ; Knowledge

Cross-sectional survey woman in reproductive age (from 15 to 49 years old) who use free cost contraceptive pills in 2003. Result: Women who accept to buy contraceptive pill are from 26 to 49 years of age commonly (92,7%), housewife (40,6%), married (98,8%), and education level from primary to secondary (74,1%). The percentage of women having income from 300.000 to 700.000 per month who accept to buy contraceptive pill is highest (62,3%). 2. Ideal drug is bought by 88,4%. The percentage of women who accept to buy contraceptive is quite high (93,8%), among them 50,2% are at the ready to buy, 43,6 can buy. 54,5% don’t buy due to no have money and 29,6% due to unconvenient.
Contraceptive Agents ; Contraceptive Agents, Female ; Women ; Age Factors

BACKGROUND: The sociodemographic shift in sexual initiation, low contraceptive and family planning use pose threat in the reproductive health and well-being of young people. Despite the rise in sexual activity among
young people before reaching the age of 18, prevalence of contraceptive use remains low while unmet need for family planning among married and sexually active women is consistently highest among women 15-19 years old compared to any other age group.

OBJECTIVE: The observed trend in the reproductive health practices of young people, as well as the paucity of literature on adolescent reproductive health, warrant the need for studies that focus on family planning and sexual behavior of young people. This study aims to determine the factors associated with unmet need for family planning among sexually active women aged 15-19 years in the Philippines.

METHODS: This study used the data from the National Demographic Health Survey 2017. The analysis included only the fecund and sexually active women aged 15-19 years old. Logistic regression was performed in order to determine the significant predictors of unmet need for family planning among young women.

RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of women reported secondary education as the highest level of education attended. Knowledge on modern family planning method is high at 99% while the proportion of women with
knowledge of ovulatory cycle, and knowledge on possibility of getting pregnant after giving birth and before the return of menstrual cycle are 21% and 61%, respectively. The proportion of women who responded that
their husbands/partners desire the same number of children is 68%. Multiple logistic regression and stepwise selection procedure showed that husband's fertility preference is a significant predictor of having unmet need.

CONCLUSION: Addressing the issue on low family planning and contraceptive use among young women in the Philippines requires concerted efforts that aim to cater to the needs of both men and women in this age group.
The consistently low family planning practice among young people despite the overall improvement in the proportion of family planning users among women indicates the need for variability in strategies that target
young and older age groups. Further research should be conducted in order to gain better understanding of the determinants of unmet need for family planning among young people.

Through interviewing, discussing with the managers of the Population and family Planning boards and staffs of the contraceptive warehouses at provincial level, the author found that: There were many limitations in facilities and staffs at the contraceptive warehouses at provincial and districts levels. New contraceptive users increased fast from 2.7 million in 1995 to rough 3.7 million in 2001 and estimated 5.6 million of users in 2010. Demands of contraceptives needed to increase faster than the numbers of contraceptive method users. National budget provided only 16.7% of total contraceptive cost
Family Planning Services ; epidemiology ; Contraceptive Agents ; Vietnam

Introduction: For the past decades, issues on Population Control have been raised. The Philippine government has been addressing these issues for quite some time. However, on the other end of the spectrum on population control, the end users have seldom been asked, understood and talked about. Objective: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Catharsis-Education-Action (CEA) Method with Family Planning Education in improving the uptake of artificial contraceptive use compared to Family Planning Education alone among women of reproductive age. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a primary health center in Batangas City among 176 women of reproductive age with unmet need in family planning. Participants were randomized into either CEA counseling with Family Planning Education (intervention group) and Family Planning Education alone (control group). CEA was conducted individually with the study participants in the intervention group, following a Family Planning Education lecture provided by a midwife trained to disseminate information on family planning methods. The control group received Family Planning Education lecture alone. Outcomes were determined one month after using a Follow-up Questionnaire. Categorical variables were expressed in frequency and percentage. Chi square was used to compare the utilization rate of artificial contraceptive use between the two groups. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar except for the participants’ age (p-value 0.025). There was statistically significant difference in the uptake of artificial family planning method between the CEA group and control group (43% vs 27%; p-value 0.014 Conclusion Catharsis-Education-Action (CEA) Method as adjunct to Family Planning Education is effective in improving the uptake of artificial contraceptive use among women of reproductive age. Utilizing CEA will strengthen existing primary healthcare services and establish a reproductive health plan that will enhance the overall health and well-being of women, their families and the community.
Family Planning Services ; Contraceptive Agents ; Sex Education

Background and Objective: Contraceptives are widely acknowledged for preventing unwanted pregnancies. However, there is a prevalent lack of awareness regarding contraceptives, leading to unaddressed misconceptions. This study aimed to identify common contraceptive misconceptions among men and women of reproductive age and explore how primary health workers address them. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in two phases within District 5, Manila City. Phase 1 comprised focused group discussions with men and women of reproductive age (n=60), while Phase 2 involved conducting in-depth interviews with primary healthcare providers (n=16). MAXQDA, a qualitative software, to organize and code the data, was utilized. Results: Women of reproductive age reported several misconceptions about contraceptives, including concerns about adverse health effects, emotional and behavioral changes, perceived ineffectiveness, and cosmetic or bodily changes. For instance, they believed that contraceptives could lead to serious health complications, such as cancer, genital injury, and even death. Primary healthcare providers addressed these misconceptions through open dialogue during service delivery, particularly during prenatal and postpartum check-ups and infant immunizations. They utilized patient education strategies, including the teach-back method, and conducted community outreach and workshops on contraceptives and family planning, especially during Women’s Month. Conclusion Several misconceptions were identified among women of reproductive age regarding the proper use and safety of contraceptive methods, as well as misguided beliefs. In contrast, men did not exhibit any misconceptions about contraceptives, which warrants further investigation. Primary healthcare providers have taken a proactive approach to address this issue by offering comprehensive explanations and ensuring clear understanding between healthcare providers and women. Promoting contraceptive health literacy could help bridge the knowledge gap between men and women of reproductive age.
contraceptives ; contraceptive agents ; health literacy ; Philippines

Because genetic characteristics vary among subjects, the therapeutic effects of a certain drug differ among patients with the same disease. For this reason, special interest has focused on tailored treatments. Although it is well known that sex is genetically determined, little attention has been paid to sex differences in the clinical features and treatment of asthma. Females are more likely to suffer allergic asthma, to have difficulty controlling asthma symptoms, and to show adverse effects to drugs. As asthma symptoms show cyclic changes depending on female hormone levels in many women of child-bearing age, the use of contraceptives may specifically help to treat female patients with asthma such as those with perimenstrual asthma and severe asthma. Generally, testosterone seems to suppress asthma, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a less virilizing androgen, may be effective for treating asthma. Evidence exists for a therapeutic and steroid-sparing effect of DHEA. However, further studies on the optimal dose and route of DHEA for each sex are needed. Monitoring of the serum DHEA-S level is necessary for patients with asthma on inhaled steroid treatment, and at minimum, replacement therapy for patients with a low level of DHEA may be helpful for treating their asthma.
Asthma ; Contraceptive Agents ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; Female ; Humans ; Sex Characteristics ; Testosterone