OBJECTIVE To promote the rational use of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/ mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） inhibitors in breast cancer treatment and provide guidance for pharmacists to implement homogeneous medication therapy management. METHODS A multidisciplinary panel comprising content experts （clinical medicine， pharmacy） and methodological experts （evidence-based medicine， statistics， medical ethics） was assembled using the Nominal Group Technique. A draft consensus was developed through systematic literature retrieval， analysis， and synthesis. External reviewers evaluated the draft via questionnaire-based feedback and revisions were incorporated to finalize the consensus. RESULTS This consensus framework focuses on the medication therapy management process of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors with information collection， treatment regimen evaluation and pharmaceutical intervention structure modules. Seven critical issues and eight evidence-based recommendations were addressed， including efficacy assessment， drug selection， safety， drug interactions， and adherence. CONCLUSION This consensus offers comprehensive medication guidance on PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer for pharmacists， aiming to enhance therapeutic effectiveness in patients， reduce the incidence of adverse reactions， and ensure the safe and effective use of medications.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the closed-loop management of externally purchased medications for inpatients in medical institutions in Shenzhen， thus improve the overall level of pharmaceutical affairs management in medical institutions in Shenzhen. METHODS The relevant guidelines， expert consensus， thematic reviews and policy documents were conducted using keywords such as “ externally purchased drugs”“externally distributed drugs”“externally purchased prescriptions” “externally distributed prescriptions”“closed-loop management” and their corresponding English terms. The initial draft of the Consensus on Closed-loop Management of Externally Purchased Medications for Inpatients in Shenzhen Medical Institutions （shortened for Consensus） was drafted based on the practical experience of the management of externally purchased drugs in medical institutions in Shenzhen. After two questionnaire surveys and four expert symposiums， the Consensus recommendation opinions were formed. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The Consensus covers 10 aspects， including the definition and usage conditions of externally purchased drugs， management organization and informatization construction， principles for catalogue adjustment， catalogue formulation process， prescription issuance and dispensing， return-to-hospital acceptance process， hospital use process and safety management， home pharmaceutical services， supervision and management， as well as principles for prescription dispensing in retail pharmacies and selection of retail pharmacies. It contributes to the improvement of the management of externally purchased medications in medical institution in Shenzhen.

OBJECTIVE To standardize the implementation methods for therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） of meropenem and ensure the accuracy of TDM results， thereby facilitating the scientific development of individualized treatment regimens for meropenem. METHODS The expert consensus was launched by the Society of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Pharmacists of Chinese Pharmacists Association. The compilation team comprised experts in clinical pharmacy， TDM technology， and pharmaceutical administration， and it was developed in accordance with the relevant recommendations from the methodology handbook of WHO and the guidelines for TDM guidelines development. Twelve clinical questions were selected through a three- round Delphi voting process conducted by the committee， followed by a comprehensive review of relevant original articles， systematic reviews， and guidelines through general databases. The GRADE approach was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence so as to formulate the consensus recommendations. The experts’ opinions were organized， revised and finally formed into a consensus. RESULTS Ultimately， the consensus presented 14 recommendations， mainly regarding all aspects of TDM processes including necessity， method， monitor timing， target PK/PD， medication adjustments based on PK/PD， and the quality control of TDM. CONCLUSIONS This consensus provides standardized methods and process suggestions for meropenem TDM in medical institutions in China， and is of great significance for meropenem individualized drug use， improving clinical efficacy， and ensuring drug safety.

With the growth of the global economy , changes in climate and ecological environments, and increased mobility of humans and animals, the transmission risk of vector-borne tropical diseases continues to rise. To address this challenge, strengthening surveillance of vector-borne tropical diseases is urgent. This consensus brought together 29 renowned experts in related professional fields from 26 institutions in China, who, through analyzing the epidemic trend and hazard situation of vector-borne tropical diseases and summarizing the working experiences of experts, have firstly reached following consensus: the burden of vector-borne tropical diseases is heavy with great threats to human health; China has achieved remarkable results in prevention and control of vector-borne tropical diseases , but still needs to strengthen the surveillance and response actively. Secondly, a unanimous consensus has been reached on the aspects of surveillance definition, objectives, contents, and methods of vector-borne tropical diseases. Thirdly, detail requirements have been agreed including: strengthening the concept of early surveillance and forecast, standarding the function, evaluation steps, and construction requirements of surveillance system for vector-borne tropical diseases. Fourthly, key tasks were put forward that need to be investigated and strengthened in the future. This expert consensus provides a standardized reference for the construction of the surveillance pathway and surveillance system for vector-borne tropical diseases in China.

Chinese Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Tongxinluo in Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease strictly follows the consensus formulation specifications,with evidence-based medicine as the main,consensus as the supplement,and experience as the reference,aiming to standardize the reasonable application of Tongxinluo in the treatment of coronary heart disease.In combination with conventional treatment,Tongxinluo can increase clinical benefits for common types of coronary heart disease.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for further unifying and standardizing the quality of home-based pharmaceutical services in close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing， and ensuring medication safety of patients. METHODS Under the guidance of the Chongqing Medical Association and the Chongqing Pharmaceutical Administration Quality Control Center， and led by the Bishan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University and the Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University， 14 medical institutions in the Sichuan-Chongqing region jointly participated. Based on existing regulations， guidelines， and expert consensus， questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the implementation status of home- based pharmaceutical services within the close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing. Subsequently， the Delphi method was employed for expert consultation and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine indicator weights， ultimately establishing a quality control system for home-based pharmaceutical services in the close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This consensus has established a quality control system for home-based pharmaceutical services within the close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing， encompassing three dimensions： service qualification evaluation， necessity evaluation， and service quality evaluation. Among them， service quality evaluation serves as the core component of the quality control system， incorporating 16 secondary indicators， which are further classified into 9 core indicators and 7 general indicators based on their significance. Meanwhile， this consensus proposes a phased quality control strategy. Under the framework of the close-knit regional medical community in Sichuan and Chongqing， this strategy takes execution priority and execution effectiveness as 69 its core. It allows for flexible handling of the rigid requirements concerning service qualifications and necessity， thereby providing a unified and operable quality control toolkit for the close-knit regional medical community in Sichuan and Chongqing.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron degenerative disease, which is the most common fatal neuromuscular disease in pediatrics with a high carrier frequency and can lead to progressive symmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy of the trunk and limbs. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) can be used to prevent the birth of children with SMA effectively. To standardize PGT technologies for SMA, experts from the fields of neurology, pediatrics and reproductive genetics have discussed and drafted this consensus for guiding its clinical application.
Child ; Consensus ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/genetics* ; Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein/genetics*

OBJECTIVE To provide a basis for the rational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） in the perioperative period， and provide practical methods and technical references for the evaluation and selection of NSAIDs in medical institutions. METHODS Initiated by the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University， Clinical Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Shandong Pharmacists Association， Clinical Individualised Drug Testing and Guidance Branch of the Shandong Medical Association， Comprehensive Clinical Medication Evaluation Working Committee of the Shandong Pharmacists Association， Pain Branch of the Shandong Medical Association in conjunction with several medical institutions in Shandong Province organized 22 pharmaceutical experts and medical experts from 17 hospitals in Shandong Province to form a consensus on the rational use and comprehensive clinical evaluation of NSAIDs in the perioperative period through the literature research method， expert interview method and questionnaire survey method based on evidence-based medicine. A comprehensive clinical evaluation was also conducted on a total of 13 specifications of 9 commonly used clinical drug varieties in Shandong Province， including celecoxib， etoricoxib， imrecoxib， ibuprofen （containing reference/original drugs and national/Shandong Province’s centralized volume-based procurement varieties）. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A consensus opinion was formed on preoperative prophylactic use and postoperative use of NSAIDs， as well as contraindications， digestive tract risk， cardiovascular system risk， bleeding risk and kidney injury risk in the perioperative period. The evaluation and selection criteria of perioperative use of NSAIDs were established， involving 6 dimensions of safety， efficacy， economy， innovation， appropriateness， and accessibility. The results of comprehensive clinical evaluation showed that the top 6 drugs （scores over 70） were Celecoxib capsules （Celebrex） and Celecoxib capsules （Naiqi）， Diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets，Etocoxib tablets （Arcoxia） and Etocoxib tablets （Qimingshu）， and Parecoxib sodium for injection. With the progress of clinical research， this consensus will be further updated and adjusted， and medical institutions can combine with the practice to develop a comprehensive clinical evaluation system of NSAIDs suitable for their institutions.

Narcotic drugs and class Ⅰ psychotropic substances have always been special management drugs in medical institutions. Although relevant policies and regulations have been introduced at the national level ，there are problems of poor policy understanding and inconsistent implementation in medical institutions in the process of policy implementation. In order to standardize the management of narcotic drugs and class Ⅰ psychotropic substances in medical institutions of Yunnan province ， based on the preliminary research and Delphi expert consultation ，this editing group finally formed the Expert Consensus on Key Links Quality Control Management of Narcotic Drugs and Class I Psychotropic Substances in Medical Institutions of Yunnan Province by focusing on the key aspects of quality control of key links for narcotic drugs and class Ⅰ psychotropic substances in medical institutions ，aiming to provide reference for the clinical use and management of narcotic drugs and class Ⅰ psychotropic substances in medical institutions of Yunnan province.

Temporary cardiac pacing is an essential technique in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias. Due to its urgency, complexity, and uncertainty, it is necessary to develop an evidence-based emergency operation norms. Currently, there is no specific consensus guidelines at home or abroad. The Emergency Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to draft the Chinese emergency expert consensus on bedside temporary cardiac pacing (2023) to guide the operation and application of bedside cardiac pacing. The formulation of the consensus adopts the consensus meeting method and the evidentiary basis and recommendation grading of the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine in the United States. A total of 13 recommendations were extracted from the discussion on the methods of bedside temporary cardiac pacing, the puncture site of transvenous temporary cardiac pacing, the selection of leads, the placement and placement of leads, pacemaker parameter settings, indications, complications and postoperative management. The recommended consensus includes the choice between transcutaneous and transvenous pacing, preferred venous access for temporary transvenous pacing, the target and best guidance method for implantation of bedside pacing electrodes, recommended default pacemaker settings, recommended indications for sinoatrial node dysfunction, atrioventricular block, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. They also recommended ultrasound guidance and a shortened temporary pacing support time to reduce complications of temporary transvenous cardiac pacing, recommended bedrest, and anticoagulation after temporary transvenous pacing. Bedside temporary cardiac pacing is generally safe and effective. Accurate assessment, correct selection of the pacing mode, and timely performance of bedside temporary cardiac pacing can further improve the survival rate and prognosis of related emergency patients.
Humans ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods* ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy* ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy* ; Electrodes