The pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke is very complex.Many intracellular and extracellular factors play the important roles in it.Studies have shown that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has the changes of quantity,time and space after stroke.These changes are closely associated with the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke.The experimental studies focusing on MMP-9 also have made corresponding effects.The in-depth study of the mechanism of action of MMP-9 is expected to provide a new approach for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Objective To observe curative effects of biological amnion transplantation to treat the huge pterygium.Methods 86 eyes were divided into two groups randomly(by random number table).Group A were eyes treated with cutting the pterygium and uncovered sclarel wound.Group B were eyes treated with biological amnion which had been transplanted on scleral wound and all conea after the pterygium had cut.The irritative symptoms,heal time of corneal wound,relapse rate after half year were recorded.Results Its mild irritative symptoms such as foreign body sensation,photophobia and pain in group B were lighter than those in group A(χ2 =6.08,P =0.01,χ2 =31.40, P =0.00,χ2 =14.18,P =0.00).The time of corneal wound heal was 5.21 ±0.89 days in group A and it was (4.02 ± 0.71)days in group B.The statistic was significant(t =6.85,P =0.00).There was no significant difference in relapse rate after half year between group A and group B(χ2 =1.40,P =0.24).Conclusion Biological amnion transplantation can alleviating irritative symptoms and shortening heal time in huge pterygium operation.

Purpose:To study the expression and clinical significance of nm23 protein in human breast carcinoma.Methods:The expression of nm23 were detected by immunohistochemical S P methods in tissue samples from 65 cases of breast carcinoma with full follow up .Their prognostic value was analyzed by Cox regression model.Results:Positive expression of nm23 was 55.4% in the 65 breast carcinoma specimens. In the total number of patients, the 5 year overall survival rate(OS) and disease free survival rate(DFS) were 63.1% and 52.3%,respectively. Expression of nm23 was negatively associated with distant metastasis( P =0.0003) and positively with DFS and OS( P =0.0034, P =0.0001). In both monovariate Kaplan Meier plot and multivariate Cox regression analysis, the axillary lymph node status and expression of nm23 were two important prognostic factors of breast carcinoma. The hazard ratios of axillary lymph node status and expression of nm23 were 3.1046 and 0.3704, respectively. Conclusions:In breast carcinoma, secondary to the axillary lymph node status, the expression of nm23 could be an independent prognosticator, which would be helpful in selecting the high risk cases for further treatment.

Objective To study the effect of hyperthermia-induced MMP-9 on expression of claudin-1 in in vitro BBB model.Methods BMEC and astrocytes were cultured.An in vitro BBB model was established with its permeability assayed by LY test.The BBB model was randomly divided into 37℃ group,39℃ group,37℃+MMP-9 group and 39℃+MMP-9 group.The permeability of BBB model was recorded at 30,60 and 90 min respectively.Expression of claudin-1 in BMEC was detected by Western blot with immunocytochemical staining.Results The permeability of BBB model was higher in 39℃ group than in 37℃ group (P＜0.05) and was significantly higher in 39℃ +MMP-9 group than in 37℃ group (P＜0.05).The number of claudin-1 positive BMEC was smaller in 39℃ +MMP-9 group than in 37℃ group at the same time points (P＜0.05) and in 39℃ +MMP-9 group than in 39℃ group at 90 min (75.0±12.8/HP vs 97.0±6.1/HP,P＜0.05).The expression level of claudin-1 was lower in 39℃ group than in 37℃ group (P＜0.05) and was significantly higher in 39℃ +MMP-9 group than in 37℃ group (P＜0.05),which further increased with the increasing time.Conclusion Hyperthermia can downregulate the expression of claudin-1 in in vitro BBB model and upregulate the permeability of in vitro BBB model.Adding MMP-9 can further aggrevate the damage of in vitro BBB model,indicating that hyperthermia can aggrevate the damage of in vitro BBB model through MMP-9.

Objective Through utilizing the existing human resources and establishing stratified management modes based on the responsibility of the leader of nursing teamwork to reduce nursing de-fects and nursing disputes, and improve the quality of emergency care. Methods Nurses in the depart-ment of emergency were stratified, and the stratified management modes based on the responsibility of the leader of nursing teamwork was implemented. Then the results underwent analysis and feedback through assessment. Results Quality of care, the satisfaction degree of patients, doctors and the relevant depart-ments before and after the implementation had statistical significance by χ2 test. The cases of nursing de-fects reduced from 5 in 2005 to 1 in 2007 and nursing disputes reduced from 5 in 2005 to 0 in 2007.The intact rate of first aid materials increased from 98% in 2005 to 100% in 2007. Conclusions The strati-fied management modes can ensure that the quality of emergency care implemented in every hour and link, and can reduce the nursing defects and disputes, increase patient satisfaction degree and improve quality of care. So the stratified management modes are worthy of clinical reference in emergency department.

BACKGROUND: Undergraduates from military medical universities face many psychological stresses. Poor coping style might affect the status of mental health. Mental health might also be associated with social support and personality.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of social support and coping style with mental health among undergraduates from military medical universities.DESIGN: Cluster sampling and questionnaire investigation.SETTING: The Center of Basic Medicine Eexperiment, School of Basic Medicine and School of Preventive Medicine of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, and Xi'an Hospital of Sports Trauma.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 352 freshmen of a military medical university were chosen by cluster sampling in October 2004 as the subjects.METHODS: Investigationwas performed on subjects with Symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90), social support rating scale (SSRS), coping style questionnaire (CSQ) and revised Eysenck's personality questionnaires short scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC).SCL-90 consists of 90 items, including 10 factors. SSRS consists of subjective support, objective support and the utilization of support 3 factors as well as total score of social support. CSQ consists of problem solving, self-reproach, asking for help, keeping out of the way, fancy, rationalization 6 factors. EPQ-RSC mainly consisted of extraversion-introversion (E), neuroticism (N), psychoticism/tough mindedness (P) and lie/social diserability (L) 4 dimensions. Data were performed statistical management with t test and correlation analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Comparison of the scores of various factors of social support, coping style and personality among undergraduates with different mental health levels from military medical universities. ② Correlation of different social supports, copying styles and personalities with SCL-90. ③ Comparison of scores of mental health,coping style and personality of military medical undergraduates under different social supports.RESULTS: Totally 352 questionnaires were handed out and all of them were retrieved and eligible, with responding rate of 100%. ① The total scores of SRSS were taken as the grouping index, and 25% of the undergraduates who had the highest scores and the lowest scores were respectively chosen as severe symptom group and mild symptom group.Total scores of social support, subjective support and the utilization of support were higher in the mild symptom group than in the severe symptom group, but no difference in the objective support existed between two groups; Compared with mild symptom group, self-reproach, fancy, keeping out of the way and other immature coping styles were more significantly used, but asking for help was less, the scores of E were lower, but those of N were higher in the severe symptom group. ② Various factors of mental health were significantly negatively correlated with the total scores of support, the utilization of support, asking for help, E and L (r=-0.131 to -0.306 ,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ), but positively correlated with self-reproach,fancy, keeping out of the way, rationalization and N (r=0.141-0.450, P＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01). ③ Total scores of support was used as the grouping index, 27% of the subjects who had the highest scores and lowest scores were chosen respectively as high support group and low support group.Mental health level was superior in the high support group to in the low support group; Most of the undergraduates of high support group preferred active coping styles, and those of low support group preferred passive coping styles; Scores of E of high support group were higher than those of low support group, and the scores of N and P were lower than those of low support group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Social support, coping style and EPQ-RSC interact and co-influence mental health.

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-azacytidine on radiation-induced epithelialmesenchymal transition in rat alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cell line (RLE-6TN) and explore their working mechanisms,and to provide experimental evidence for the potential drug-based treatment of radiationinduced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods RLE-6TN cells were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups according to the experimental purposes:control group (C),radiation group (R),5-azacytidine group (A),and radiation followed by 5-azacytidine group (R + A).The microstructural changes in cells were determined by transmission electron microscopy.Inverted phase-contrast microscopy revealed the morphological changes in cells.The mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin and α-SMA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The protein expression levels of E-cadherin,GSK3 β,and p-GSK3 β (Ser9) were measured by Western blot.The one-way analysis of variance was used for pairwise comparison.Results The cells in group R became spindle-like.Similar morphological changes were not observed in cells in group R + A.Osmiophilic lamellar bodies disappeared at last in cells in group R.RT-PCR results showed that compared with group C,group R had a significantly lower mRNA expression level of E-cadherin ((0.23 ± 0.06) vs.(1.00 ± 0.00),P =0.002)) and a significantly higher mRNA expression level of α-SMA ((2.91 ± 0.01) vs.(1.00 ± 0.00),P =0.000)).However,compared with group R,group R + A had a significantly higher mRNA expression level of E-cadherin ((0.47 ± 0.05) vs.(1.00 ± 0.00),P =0.024)) but a significantly lower mRNA expression level of α-SMA ((2.50 ± 0.02) vs.(1.00 ±0.00),P =0.037)).The results of Western blot showed that the protein expression level of Ecadherin was significantly reduced ((0.07 ± 0.01) vs.(0.48 ± 0.02),P =0.028)),while the protein expression level of p-GSK3β was significantly increased in Group R than in Group C ((0.85 ± 0.04) vs.(0.23 ± 0.03),P =0.031)).However,compared with group R,group R + A had a significantly lower protein expression level of E-cadherin ((0.25 ± 0.00) vs.(0.07 ± 0.01),P =0.024)) and significantly less up-regulation of the protein expression level of p-GSK3β ((0.39 ± 0.03) vs.(0.85 ± 0.04),P =0.014)).Conclusions X-ray radiation can induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in epithelial cells.5-azacytidine suppresses radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibition of the activity of p-GSK3β in RLE-6TN cells.

Objective To determine whether macrophages can behave as antigen presenting cells participating the formation of immunological synapse in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and whether this process can affect the apoptosis. Moreover, this study was aimed to observe the function of cyclophilin A (CypA) in immunological synapse formation and its role in regulating the apoptosis of macrophages. Methods human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) induced macrophages were coated with staphylococcal enterotoxin B(SEB) (100 ng/ml) and co-cultured with activated Jurkat T cells (human acute T-cell leukemia cell line), then incubated in the RPMI-1640 for 16 hours to induce apoptosis. The apoptosis of the macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry by Annexin V-PI staining. The macrophages cultured in the RPMI-1640 alone were used as control. Meanwhile, CypA (200 ng/ml) were added to or not added in order to observe the apoptosis of macrophages. The function of CypA and the apoptosis of macrophages isolated from RA peripheral blood were also investigated through co-culture with CD4+T cells isolated by immunomagnetic beads. Comparisons between groups were performed by two-sample t-tests. Results In the peripheral blood of healthy people and RA patients, the apoptosis of macrophages which participated immunological synapse was (32.9±2.8)%, (24.7±1.6)%, (14.5±1.2)% respectively, which was significantly lower than the apoptosis of macrophages cultured alone [ respectively for (61.4±2.4)%, (45.5±2.6)%, (22.9±1.5)%, (P<0.05) ]. After CypA was added, the apoptosis of macrophages in cell lines, healthy people and RA patients decreased to (27.2±2.1)%, (20.1±1.1)%, (12.9±1.0)%, lower than the apoptosis of macrophages which participated immunological synapse formation (P<0.05). Conclusion In RA, the macrophages participate in the formation of immunological synapse by interacting with CD4+ T cells. They can significantly reduce the apoptosis on themselves. CypA can enhance this effect. These results provide a new theoretical foundation for prolonged survival of macrophages in RA, which can secrete a variety of cytokines to enhance inflammation and joint destruction.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and accuracy of length measurement of in vivo teeth by using cone beam CT (CBCT).

METHODSBefore orthodontic extraction, 109 vital premolars from 40 participants were scanned by using CBCT and reconstructed by using InVivoDental software. Buccal-lingual sectional images along the long axis of teeth were then acquired, and the crown, root, and tooth length were measured separately. After careful extraction and fixation, the corresponding length of the same tooth was measured by using a digital caliper. CBCT measurement accuracy was then verified by using physical measurements as reference.

RESULTSCBCT and the physical method did not obtain significantly different measurements of the root, crown, and tooth length of experimental teeth (P=0.790, P=0.621, P=0.657, respectively), and the measurements were found to be consistent. The 95% limits of agreement of root, crown, and tooth length were -1.10 mm to 1.13 mm, -1.00 mm to 0.96 mm, and -1.00 mm to 1.05 mm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe difference between CBCT and the physical method was not significant, and good consistency was shown. CBCT could be applied in noninvasive measurement of in vivo teeth.

Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of Snail in 5 specimens jusxta-eancerous normal breast tissues, 35 specimens of cancerous tissues without metastasis and 20 specimens of breast carcinoma with lymphonode metastasis. Breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 was transfected with antisense Snail. Results showed that the expression of Snail protein was significantly higher in breast carcinomas than in their normal tissues. The mRNA and protein expressions of Snail in the breast carcinoma cells treated with antisense Snail was significantly decreased while the E-cadherin protein significantly increased (both P < 0.05). The number of invasive ceils treated with antisense Snail was (10.5±1.3)%, while in treated with EGFP was (68.2±2.1)% (P < 0.05). The abnormal expression of Snail contribute to the invasiveness of breast carcinoma. The antisense Snail could prevent the cells ability to invade in vitro, and the effect is related with the up-regulated E-cadherin protein.