China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Syphilis, Congenital ; epidemiology ; transmission

Background:The progress of the cardiac intervention technique has been changed the doctors' viewpoint in the treatment for congenital cardiac. In the past years, treatment for congenital cardiac needed to surgery but nowadays, the cardiac intervention technique are being applied in many Cardiac Centers with very good results. This technique also helped to prevent the complication in cardiac operation. Objectives:This study aims to report the results for cardiac intervention in National Hospital of Pediatrics. Subjects and method:A prospective study was conducted on 298 children diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect, coarctation, pulmonary stenosis (PS), aortic stenosis (AS), small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) infant with pulmonary atresia - ventricular septal defect (VSD) and Dextro- transposition of the great arteries (d- TGA) with intact ventricular septum at National hospital of Pediatric between June 2004and October 2006. Results: Transcatheter closure of PDA, ASD by Amplatzer or Coil was safe and effective. Critically ill children diagnosed with PS, AS and Coarctation may be saved by valvuloplasty and angioplasty procedures. Catheter interventions avoided the needs for surgery without scars. Catheter interventions had low complications. Conclusion: The hospitalized duration was short so the expenditures reduced.
Heart Defects ; Congenital/ epidemiology ; therapy

A cross-sectional study of 204 hip radiographs of high risk CDH (Congenital Dislocation of the Hip) group newborn, using: (1) The Tonnis critenrion of acetabular index upper limit 35 degrees. (2) The position of femoral metaphyseal "beak" with Perkins and Hilgenreiner's lines, showed: 21 CDH/204 risk newborn or 10.24% with 7.35% Dislocatable Hip, 2.93% Complete Dislocation; Female = 9.5:1; Left side: Right side=3:2.
Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

Background: Congenital heart disease is a malformation which the prevalence of 8 \ufffd?among alive infants. If it is not being treated on time, these malformations will develop to severe complication. The most common cause of cerebral abscess is congenital heart disease in infants. Objectives:This study aims to learn about some related factors and close consequence of cerebral abscess in congenital cardiac children. Subjects and method:A retrospective and prospective study was conducted on 37 patients with congenital heart disease were suffered from a cerebral abscess since January 2001 to 31 March 2007. Results:The boys were dominant with sex ratio: 1.85/1. Average age of acquired abscess was 6.8 years, 34/37 (91.9%) patients had curable congenital heart disease, including 33/37 (89.2%) diagnosed of right-left shunt. In comparison with patients whom over 2 years old and did not acquire abscess due to congenital cardiac shunt right-left type, there was no significant difference in hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte and saturation cutannee 13.5% among 37 patients of study were deaths, 26.5% had neurological sequelae and 8.1% were relapses. The average duration of hospitalization was longer (25.7 days) and the average costs were 4,317,000 Vietnam dong. Conclusion: Cerebral abscess was late complication of congenital heart disease and it was very necessary to treat completely the malformation of congenital heart disease in order to prevent of severe complication.
Heart Defects ; Congenital/ epidemiology ; therapy ; Brain Abscess/ epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo describe the temporal trends and spatial patterns of birth defects occurring in Wuxi, a developed region of China.

METHODSWavelet analysis was used to decompose the temporal trends of birth defect prevalence based on the birth defect rates over the past 16 years. Birth defect cases with detailed personal and family information were geo-coded and the relative risk in each village was calculated. General G statistic was used to test the spatial property with different scales.

RESULTSWavelet analysis showed an increasing temporal trend of birth defects in this region. Clustering analysis revealed that changes continued in the spatial patterns with different scales.

CONCLUSIONWuxi is confronted with severe challenges to reduce birth defect prevalence. The risk factors are stable and show no change with spatial scale but an increasing temporal trend. Interventions should be focused on villages with a higher prevalence of birth defects.

China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo describe the regional patterns of emerging level on birth defects with simulated map by original studied and reference data.

METHODSBased on geographical information system, Kriging interpolation method was used and some related environmental factors were drawn from geographic information system software.

RESULTSThe Kriging method had drawn continual and smooth map on birth defect emerging level and shown some clues with environmental factors.

CONCLUSIONKriging method and advanced spatial statistical and analytical methods were helpful in public health studies while simulated map suggested the feasibility of sampled data on national disease surveillance and giving some useful clues to etiological analysis.

China ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; Forecasting ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo study the concurrence of congenital heart disease and hypospadias and the relationship between the two diseases.

METHODSWe investigated the incidence and types of congenital heart disease accompanied by hypospadias in male children received in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2012, compared them with those in the general population, and analyzed the correlation of different types of heart disease with the incidence rate of hypospadias.

RESULTSOf the 7 385 male children with congenital heart disease, 134 (1.81%) were found with hypospadias, with a significantly higher morbidity than in the general population (0.33% -0.40%) (P < 0.01). The incidence rates of hypospadias were significantly higher in the groups of ventricular septal defect (65/3 275, 1.98%), Fallot's tetralogy (17/770, 2.21%), macroangiopathy (15/788, 1.90%) and other congenital heart abnormalities (21/972, 2.16%) than in the atrial septal defect (10/1 015, 0.99%) and patent ductus arteriosus (6/565, 1.06%) groups (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the type of hypospadias among different heart disease groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHypospadias is a common concurrent condition in male children with congenital heart disease. The incidence rate of hypospadias is related with the type of congenital heart disease, and the two conditions may have some common pathogenic or susceptive factors.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; epidemiology ; Heart Diseases ; complications ; congenital ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; complications ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence rates of birth defects in high and low risk areas in China.

METHODSA population-based surveillance system on birth defects was used to obtain the prevalence rates of 24 kinds of major external birth defects from > or = 20 weeks of gestation to 7 days of life in selected areas in Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces.

RESULTSThe birth prevalence of birth defects (232.4 per 10,000 births) and neural tube defects (NTDs) (138.7 per 10,000 births) in four counties of Shanxi province were significantly higher than that in Taiyuan city (75.3 and 28.2 per 10,000 births, respectively). There was no significant difference for all selected birth defects between Wuxi city and Xishan counties in low risk areas. There was a 6.1-fold of higher prevalence for NTDs in Taiyuan city compared with that in Wuxi areas (4.6 per 10,000 births). In four counties of Shanxi province, the prevalence rates of anencephaly, spina bifida, hydrocephaly, cleft palate alone and polydactyly were significantly higher than in Wuxi areas. The NTDs prevalence rate in four counties of Shanxi was 30.2 times higher than in Wuxi areas. When compared with previous surveillance data, the NTDs prevalence rate did not present obvious declining trend in high risk areas. The birth prevalence rate had a 31.8% decrease when births were calculated after 28 gestational weeks and compared with those from 20 gestational weeks.

CONCLUSIONNTDs remained to be the most common birth defect seen in Shanxi province. The birth prevalence rate of NTDs in some areas of Shanxi province was among the highest that ever reported in the world in comparison with data from other countries and regions. The current prevalence rate in high risk areas in Shanxi province did not clearly show a declining trend. Programs on surveillance and prenatal diagnosis were proved to have made big impact on the rates of major external birth defects.

China ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVEThe retrospective study was carried out to investigate the nation-wide neonatal screening program in the past 22 years in China. This study aimed to summarize the experience, analyze the questions and concerns in the screening program.

METHODSAll data on the national neonatal screening in the past 22 years were from National Center for Clinical Laboratory. Study items included the development and mode of the program, screening method adopted as well as the clinical records of prevalence, treatment and follow-up etc.

RESULTSNeonatal screening has become universal since 1985 in China. There were three modes of screening and treatment. From 1985 to 2006, a total of 13,229,242 newborns were screened for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and 6505 were diagnosed as CH at a prevalence of 49.2/100,000; a total of 13,666,750 newborns were screened for phenylketonuria (PKU), and 1,170 were diagnosed as PKU at a prevalence of 8.6/100,000. The prevalence of CH increased year by year and the western regions in China had a much higher prevalence. The prevalence of PKU was relatively more steady than that of CH in China.

CONCLUSIONSNeonatal screening is of paramount importance in preventing mental retardation and developmental delay after CH and PKU. It is necessary to attach more importance to increase the rate of coverage, screening and treatment, as well as social awareness of neonatal screening. It is important to focus on establishment of new screening techniques so as to improve the level of child health care in China.

China ; epidemiology ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Phenylketonurias ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo describe the occurrence of various spinal deformations in a captive-bred wild line of Poecilia wingei (P. wingei).

METHODSFish belonging to a wild line of P. wingei caught from Laguna de Los Patos, Venezuela, were bred in an aquarium home-breeding system during a period of three years (2006-2009). The spinal curvature was observed to study spinal deformities in P. wingei.

RESULTSOut of a total of 600 fish, 22 showed different types of deformities (scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis), with a higher incidence in females. Growth, swimming and breeding of deformed fish were generally normal.

CONCLUSIONSPossible causes for spinal curvature in fish are discussed on the basis of the current literature. While it is not possible to determine the exact cause(s) of spinal deformities observed in the present study, traumatic injuries, nutritional imbalances, genetic defects or a combination of these factors can be supposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of such lesions.

Animals ; Female ; Incidence ; Kyphosis ; congenital ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; Lordosis ; congenital ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; Male ; Poecilia ; abnormalities ; growth & development ; physiology ; Reproduction ; Scoliosis ; congenital ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; Swimming