BACKGROUND: The clinical features and classification of various anomalous synkinetic movements related to ocular muscles caused by abnormal innervations have not been fully understood.OBJECTIVE: To report and analyze the clinical features of anomalous synkinetic movements related to ocular muscles caused by abnormal innervations, as well as to classify them according to the same neuromuscular nerves.DESIGN: A retrospective case analysis.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Qingdao University.PARTICIPANTS: The study was mainly conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Qingdao University. A total of 836 cases of abnormal ocular movements were found from January 1997 to January 2002. Among them 67 cases of anomalous synkinetic movements were diagnosed.METHODS: All patients were inquired of case history and their ocular movements were examined. The anomalous synkinetic movements were found and classified into congenital and acquired. All cases were analyzed according to the same neuromuscular nerves, such as between branches of oculomotor nerve, oculomotor and abducens nerve, supranucleus and other anomalous synkinetic movements.lous synkinetic movements were determined by inquiring the history of observed.RESULTS: Sixty-seven anomalous synkinetic movements (8%) of 836 abnormal ocular movements were diagnosed; congenital anomalous synkinetic movements were the most common ones (88.06%) and were often seen in patients with Duane's syndrome. Anomalous synkinetic muscles occurred the most common between lateral and medial rectus, lateral rectus and levator palpebrae muscle (36.89% respectively) in congenital cases, and those occurred between inferior rectus and levator palpebrae muscle more commonly (30%) in acquired cases.CONCLUSION: Anomalous synkinetic movements related to ocular muscles are not infrequently seen. When we find paradoxical movements between ocular muscles, or between ocular muscles and other unrelated muscles, anomalous synkinetic movements should be considered.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum lipid and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women.Methods Bone mineral density(BDM)was measured at a variety of skeletal sites,including lumbar spine 2(L2),3(L3),4(L4)2~4(L2~L4),femoral neck(Neck),trochanter(Troch),Ward's triangle,using the Norland XR-36 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer in northern Chinese healthy population-based sample of 60 post-menopausal women from 2002 to 2006 in our hospital.Serum lipid profiles of total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),Triglyceride(TG)and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)were examined.Results HDL-C correlated inversely with BMD in both lumbar spine(P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and mechanism of curcumin derivative B06 on kidney from rats with hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes.

METHODSThirty five male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(n = 7): the normal control group, high-fat group, high-fat + B06-treatd group, diabetic group, diabetic + B06-treated group. After fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks, the later two groups were in- jected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. B06-treated groups were given B06 by gavage at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg . d for 8 weeks. After the treatment, the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were detected biochemically, the morphology of kidney was observed with light and transmission electron microscopy, the expression of collagen fibers was observed with Masson staining, the protein expression of collogen IV and fibronectin in kidney were determined by Immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIt was showed that the levels of the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen elevated significantly in diabetic group. In high-fat and diabetic groups, increased glomerular mesangial matrix and collagen fiber and thicken glomerular basal membrane were observed under light microscopy, swelling and fusion of foot process were found under electron microscope; increased green matrix within glomeruli was observed under Masson staining. collogen IV and fibronectin protein expression were significantly enhanced in high-fat group and diabetic group. After B06's intervention, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were decreased in diabetic groups, the morphological change of kidney was obviously relieved, Collogen IV and fibronectin protein expression reduced.

CONCLUSIONCurcumin derivative B06 exerts a protective effect on kidney in type 2 diabetic rats, reduced expressions of collogen IV and fibronectin, inhibition of the accumulation of extracellular matrix and glomerular mesangial proliferation, and then prevention of renal fibrosis may be the mechanism.

Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Creatinine ; blood ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Uric Acid ; blood

Objective To investigate the difference between the early phases and delay phase of three-phase bone scintigraphy on hemiplegic patients with earlier complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).Methods Twenty-nine stroke patients with hemiplegia complicating CRPS received three-phase bone scintigraphy after intravenous injection of 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate (MDP). The region of interest (ROI)technique was used to obtain the radioactive counts of involved joints and contralateral sites on wrists,metacarpophalangeal,proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints. The total counts of these four sites in each patient were then obtained and the total uptake ratios of involved joints/contralateral joints for each phase were calculated to compare the difference among the three phases. Wilcoxon test and ANOVA were used in data analyses. Results The involved joints of hemiplegic side displayed higher tracer uptake.There were significant differences of the radioactive counts between involved joints and uninvolved ones in the perfusion,pool and delay phase (Wilcoxon test,Z:-4.73 to -2.10,P＜0.05). There was no significant difference of total uptake ratios of involved joints/contralateral joints among the three phases ( ANOVA,F = 0. 807,P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions Due to higher bone seeking agent accumulation on three-phase bone scintigraphy,both early phases and delay phase imaging showed similar value in stroke patients with hemiplegia complicating earlier CRPS.

Objective:To establish the lung blast injury model in mice, detect the proteomic changes of lung in mice at different time points, and explore the mechanism of lung blast injury.Methods:A total of 60 healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly (random number) divided into the control group, 12-h group after thorax blast, 24-h group, 48-h group, 72-h group and 1-week group ( n=10 each group). Experiments were carried out in the animal laboratory of the General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command. The model of lung blast injury in mice was established by using a self-developed precision blast device, and the lung tissue injury situation was evaluated by gross observation and HE staining. The proteins in mouse lung tissue were quantitatively analyzed based on LC-MS/MS proteomic technology, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened. On this basis, bioinformatics tool was used to analyze proteomic changes. Results:After lung blast injury, scattered bleeding spots could be observed on the surface of lung tissue of mice, and the bleeding points were gradually increased with time, showing a patchy distribution, and the symptoms were the most severe at 24 h. The results of HE staining showed that the normal tissue structure of alveoli disappeared at 12 and 24 h under light microscopy with diffuse bleeding in the alveolar cavity, infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells, increased interstitial exudate, thickened alveolar wall, and collapsed and merged alveolar cavity. A total of 6 861 proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS in lung tissue samples of mice after thorax blast, and 608 differentially expressed proteins were quantified, of which 227, 140, 202, 258 and 71 differential proteins were at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 1 week, respectively. According to GO analysis, 130 biological process subtypes including cell adhesion, extracellular matrix tissue and collagen fibril tissue were obtained. Besides, 66 cellular component involving extracellular exosomes, extracellular matrix and cytoplasm were obtained. And 43 molecular functional subclasses such as extracellular matrix structure composition, actin binding and antioxidant activity were obtained. KEGG analysis yielded 24 pathways including ECM-receptor interactions, focal adhesions and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway across the endothelium.Conclusions:Differentially expressed protein combinations are also different at different time points in the early stage after lung blast in mice, and the injury mechanism is complicated. The lung blast injury is the most serious at 12-24 h after blast and produces significant inflammatory response.

Brain delivery of drugs remains challenging due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). With advances in nanotechnology and biotechnology, new possibilities for brain-targeted drug delivery have emerged. Biomimetic nano drug delivery systems with high brain-targeting and BBB-penetrating capabilities, along with good biocompatibility and safety, can enable 'invisible' drug delivery. In this review, five different types of biomimetic strategies are presented and their research progress in central nervous system disorders is reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for biomimetic nano drug delivery systems in intracerebral drug delivery are summarized.

AIM: To investigate serum lipid and the expression of SR-B1 in the livers of diabetic mice. METHODS: Ten normal diet, female C57BL/6J mice, fifteen high fat and sugar diet female C57BL/6J mice, five fed 8 weeks and ten fed 16 weeks were used in the experiment. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (INS) and the expression of SR-B1 in the livers were measured. RESULTS: 1. In the high fat and sugar diet mice, serum TC and FBG at 16 weeks were significantly higher than that in normal diet mice (P

BACKGROUND:Extraction methods of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells are inconsistent in the number of cells.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the optimal method to in vitro isolate and culture human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells.
METHODS:Under sterile conditions, ful-term cesarean fetal amniotic membrane was cut into pieces, then to isolate human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells by seven methods in four experiments. In experiment 1, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells were isolated by the fol owing three methods:(1) 0.05 g/L trypsin digestion for 10 minutes fol owed by 0.75 g/L col agenase digestion for 60 minutes;(2) 0.75 g/L col agenase I for 120 minutes;(3) co-digestion with 0.05 g/L trypsin and 0.75 g/L col agenase for 60 minutes. In experiment 2, the samples were digested with 0.05 g/L trypsin digestion for 30 minutes fol owed by 0.75 g/L col agenase digestion for 30 minutes. In experiment 3, the samples were digested by two methods:(1) 0.05 g/L trypsin digestion for 30 minutes×2, fol owed by 0.75 g/L col agenase digestion for 60 minutes;(2) 0.05 g/L trypsin digestion for 40 minutes×2, fol owed by 0.75 g/L col agenase digestion for 60 minutes. In experiment 4, the samples were digested with 0.05 g/L trypsin digestion for 30 minutes×2, fol owed by 1 g/L col agenase digestion for 60 minutes. Fol owing morphology observation under a microscope, we studied the most suitable method for isolating human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Digestion with 0.05 g/L trypsin for 30 minutes twice fol owed by 1 g/L of col agenase digestion of 60 minutes was the most suitable isolation and culture condition in vitro. cells became elongated fusiform or star-shaped with rich cytoplasm, and nuclei were round with 1-3 nuts. We can harvest the most number of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells using the method described in experiment 4.

Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression vector with human adipose most abundant gene transcript 1 (APM1) gene,and to investigate the transfection and expression of pCDEF-APM1 eukaryotic expression plasmid in HEK293 cells.Methods pCDEF-APM1 eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed by DNA recombinant method.Expression vector pCDEF-APM1 was transfected into HEK293 cells with Effectene reagent.The level of human adiponectin protein in the supernatant of cell culture media was detected with double antibody sandwich ELISA.Results The sequence of DNA fragment from constructed pCDEF-APM1 plasmid was identical to that published in GenBank.There was raised human adiponectin protein level in culture supernatant of HEK293 cells tnmsfected with pCDEF-APM1.Conclusion The pCDEF-APM1,an eukaryotic expression plasmid for APM1 gene is successfully constructed.High protein expression of adiponectin can be obtained in HEK293 cells transfected with pCDEF-APM1 eukaryotic expression plasmid.

Objective To study the role of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)-induced oleic acid(OA)and its regulatory effects on the inflammatory msponse.Method The ALI models in SD rats were produced by intravenous injection of OA(0.1 ml/kg).Forty-nine male SD rats were divided into three groups randomly:control group,OA group and OA+sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS)group.Rats of OA group and OA+NaHS group were sacrificed at 2,4 and 6 hours after the administration of OA,respectively.Rats of control group were sacrificed at 6 hours after intravenous normal saline(0.1 ml/kg).PaO2,lung tissue wet/dry(W/D)ratio and IQA score were determined.The concentrations of H2S in lung tissue and plasma were tested by sensitive sulphur electrode.The IL-6.IL-8 and IL-10 levels were measured by doubleantibody sandwich ELSIA.Results Compared with control group,of lung tissues was observed in rats treated with OA induced ALI,which led PaO2 dropped,and lung tissue W/D ratio,PMN%in alvedolar lavage and IQA raised score in the lung at 2,4 or 6 hours after OA injection(P＜0.01).In addition,IL-6,IL-8,and IL-10significantly increased,IL-6[plasma,control:(73.95±14.68)pg/ml,2 h:(186.70±23.85)pg/ml,4 h:(238.50±26.46)pg/ml,6 h:(215.95±25.86)pg/ml,P＜0.01;lung tissue,control:(60.58±12.91)pg/ml,2 h:(160.32±24.57)pg/ml,4 h:(195.27±46.28)pg/ml,6 h:(185.66±17.42)pg/ml,P all =0.000)],IL-8[plasma,control:(80.69±20.42)pg/ml,2 h:(184.11±19.51)pg/ml,4 h:(286.20±53.34)pg/ml,6 h:(241.30±45.85)pg/ml,P＜0.01;lung tissue,control:(69.14±15.96)pg/ml,2 h:(174.10±20.36)pg/ml,4 h:(249.02±31.17)pg/ml,6 h:(237.74±34.18)pg/ml,P＜0.01] and IL-10[plasma,control:(39.78±8.97)pg/ml,2 h:(111.18±11.46)pg/ml,4 h:(115.60±13.91)pg/ml,6h:(102.41±9.93)pg/ml,P＜0.01;lung tissue,control:(71.86±14.19)pg/ml,2 h:(126.96±18.72)pg/ml,4 h:(151.88±27.61)pg/ml,6 h:(137.28±14.22)pg/ml,P all=0.000] levels.in association with a decreased H2S content of plasma lung tissue decreased in[plasma,control:(36.58±6.80)μmol/L,2 h:(21.30±2.75)μmol/L,4 h:(20.63±1.26)μmol/L,6 h:(20.00±1.60)μmol/L,P＜0.01;lung tissue,control:(27.61±2.20)μmol/L,2 h:(20.67±1.37)μmol/L,4 h:(20.79±1.10)μmol/L,6 h:(18.92±0.75)μmol/L,P＜0.01]were observed in the plasma and lung tissue of OA-treated rats compared to controls.Administration of NaHS prior to OA treatment could lessen the lung pathologic changes induced by OA and elevate the concentrations of H2S in plasma[4 h:(26.67±3.44)μmol/L vs(20.63±1.26)μmol/L,P=0.042;6 h:(26.98±4.93)μmol/L vs(20.00±1.60)μmol/L,P＜0.05]and lung tissue[4 h:(23.20±1.48)μmol/L vs(20.79±1.10)μmol/L,P=0.011;6 h:(21,43±1.79)μmol/L vs(18.92±0.75)μmol/L,P=0.016].At the same time,the levels of IL-6 in plasma(185.37±21.98)pg/ml vs(238.50±26.46)pg/ml,4 h,P=0.000;(124.22±21.84)pg/ml vs(215.95±25.86)pg/ml,6 h,P＜0.01]and IL-8(199.40±34.56)pg/ml vs(286.20±53.34)pg/ml,4 h,P＜0.01;(146.58±20.23)pg/ml vs(241.30±45.85)pg/ml,6 h,P＜0.01]decreased significantly,but the level of IL-10(154.48±18.08)pg/ml vs(115.60±13.91)pg/ml,4 h,P=0.000;(138.06±20.01)pg/ml vs(102.41±9.93)pg/ml,6 h,P＜0.01]increased significantly.Conclusions The levels of endogenous H2S drop during the course of ALI oleic acid induced in rats.Exogenous H2S could decrease the levels of inflammatory factors(IL-6and IL-8),but increase the level of anti-inflammatory factors(IL-10).It could change the ratio of inflammatory factors/anti-inflammatory factors and therefore play a protective role against oleic acid induced ALI in rats.