Objective: To learn anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life among patients with primary pruritus ani, and to analyze their correlation with anal itching symptom, so as to provide insights into the prevention and treatment of primary pruritus ani. Methods: Patients with primary pruritus ani were selected from anorectal department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. The Visual Analogue Scale, pruritus frequency score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index (Chinese version) were used in the survey. Spearman rank correlation analysis was employed to analyze the correlation between the degree and frequency of pruritus ani with, anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life. Results: Sixty patients with primary pruritus ani were investigated, including of 7 males and 53 females, with an average age of (34.37±10.30) years. The patients with mild, moderate and severe pruritus accounted for 28.33%, 48.33% and 23.34%, respectively. The patients with pruritus frequency of grade 1, 2 and 3 accounted for 51.67%, 38.33% and 10.00%, respectively. The patients with anxiety, depression, and coexistence of anxiety and depression accounted for 18.33%, 13.33% and 10.00%, respectively. The patients with very good, good, average and poor sleep quality accounted for 15.00%, 46.66%, 30.00% and 8.34%, respectively. No, mild, moderate and severe impacts on quality of life among the patients accounted for 10.00%, 46.66%, 33.34% and 10.00%, respectively. The degree of pruritus was positively correlated with anxiety (rs=0.405, P=0.001), depression (rs=0.343, P=0.007), sleep quality (rs=0.293, P=0.037) and quality of life (rs=0.338, P=0.008). However, there was no significant correlation between the frequency of pruritus with the above factors (all P>0.05). Conclusion The degree of pruritus in patients with primary pruritus ani is related to anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life.

AIM:To observe and compare clinical effects of coaxial 1. 8mm microincision phacoemulsification and 3. 2mm small incision phacoemulsification.
●METHODS:A total of 117 eyes of 85 patients with age-related cataract in our hospital were divided randomly into two groups:43 patients (59 eyes) in the coaxial 1. 8 mm microincision cataract surgery group ( C - MlCS ) , 42 patients (58 eyes) in the coaxial 3. 2 mm traditional small incision cataract surgery group (C-SlCS). A total of 117 eyes were received phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Uncorrected visual acuity was recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 7, 30 and 90d. The effective phacoemulsification time and average ultrasound energy were recorded in surgery. Corneal endothelial cell and corneal topography were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 90 d.
●RESULTS:Uncorrected visual acuity ( logMAR) was no overall statistical significance difference between C-MlCS group and C-SlCS group (P>0. 05), but was significant statistical difference in different time-point within both groups(P<0. 05). Uncorrected visual acuity in different time-point had nothing to do with corneal wound size in cataract surgery(P>0. 05). On the 1 day after surgery, uncorrected visual acuity was 0. 16±0. 11 in C-MlCS group and 0. 22±0. 18 in C-SlCS group(P<0. 05). AVE was (7. 00± 2.72)% in C-MlCS group and (6. 16±3. 16)% in C-SlCS group (P>0. 05). EPT was (3. 09±1. 61)s in C-MlCS group and (3. 20±1. 92)s in C-SlCS group (P>0. 05). At 90 d after surgery, corneal endothelial cell loss percentage was (5. 81±2. 28)% in C-MlCS group and (5. 69±2. 38)% in C-SlCS group (P>0.05), SlA was (0.35±0.11) Din C-MlCS group and (0. 61±0. 13) D in C-SlCS group (P<0. 05).
● CONCLUSION: Compared with coaxial 3. 2mm traditional small incision cataract surgery, 1. 8mm coaxial microincision cataract surgery can get earlier visual rehabilitation and significantly reduce SlA. The coaxial 1. 8mm microincision cataract surgery is safe, effective and deserves further clinical applications.

AIM: To determine the optimal operation method and reduce operative complications by retrospective analysis of outcomes of different operative manipulation for patients with congenital ectopia lentis ( CEL) .
●METHODS: A retrospective study ranged from Jan. 1, 2010 to Jan. 1, 2015 was conducted and 31 CEL patients (57 eyes) treated with different operations were taken into this study. The postoperative outcome, operation related complications was analyzed in terms of different operative manipulations.
● RESULTS: The most common types of CEL are idiopathic and Marfan - related CEL. All eyes ( 98%) benefited from operation except 1 Marchesani syndrome eye concurrent with optic atrophy induced by glaucoma. A total of 3 eyes ( 5%) were treated by phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation; 8 eyes ( 14%) were treated by phacoemulsification, capsular tension ring implantation combined with intraocular lens implantation, among these 8 eyes, 1 eye was treated with capsular tension ring implantation combined with suture fixation; 39 eyes ( 68%) were treated by lens excision and anterior vitrectomy through corneal incision combined with intraocular lens implantation with suture fixation, among these 39 eyes, 2 eyes were treated with trabeculectomy , but not combined with intraocular lens implantation; 5 eyes ( 9%) were treated by intracapsular cataract extraction and anterior vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens implantation with suture fixation; 2 eyes ( 4%) were treated by lens excision and vitrectomy through pars plana combined with silicon oil injection.
● CONCLUSION: Almost all patients can obtain satisfactory outcomes through various operative manipulations. Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was the first choice for patients with lens dislocation range less than 90°. Phacoemulsification, capsular tension ring implantation combined with intraocular lens implantation was recommended for 90° - 180°, and lens excision and anterior vitrectomy through corneal incision combined with intraocular lens implantation with suture fixation was more suitable for lens dislocation range more than 180°. The appropriate operative methods for different types of CEL patients is the key to success.

A fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of prodrug of paclitaxel (Pro-PTX) and paclitaxel (PTX) in rat plasma was developed. The plasma samples were subjected to protein precipitation with acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid), and then separated by LC with an Ultimate AQ-C18 column (50 mm × 3.0 mm, 3 μm) and acetonitrile-1 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning mode was used to detect the ion responses m/z 983.4→415.2 (Pro-PTX), m/z 854.4→286.1 (PTX) and m/z 808.3→527.2 (Docetaxel, internal standard) by using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source and positive ion mode. The method validation results show that the linear ranges of Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were 2.00-500 ng·mL^-1 (r > 0.99) and 4.00-1 000 ng·mL^-1 (r > 0.99), the lower limit of quantification was 2.00 ng·mL^-1 and 4.00 ng·mL^-1, respectively; the quality control samples with low, medium and high concentrations of Pro-PTX and PTX were within the batch, the relative standard deviation (RSD) between batches were all less than 9%; the relative deviation (RE) was within the range of ± 9%; In the stability test, both Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were stable under various storage conditions. The method was sensitive, specific, and reproducible, and was suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of Pro-PTX in rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.: 00003552).

A distributed simulation method of electric field based on the atrial defibrillation of the heart modeling and finite element solution is proposed in this study. In order to solve the problem that ordinary clinical trials could not measure the actual distribution of the defibrillation electric field in the heart accurately, this method provides a research tool for electrical defibrillation. A complete atrial anatomical structure in the heart model is used in the research, the finite element method is proceeded to solve; Three parameters: defibrillation threshold voltage, the high field strength rate and the defibrillation threshold energy are set to evaluate the effect of defibrillation. The heart electric field distributions of transvenous atrial defibrillation with different electrode locations or sizes are simulated. The simulation results and the reported results match fairly well, which initially verify the feasibility of this method.
Atrial Fibrillation ; therapy ; Computer Simulation ; Electric Countershock ; instrumentation ; methods ; Electrodes

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Tongshenluo Capsule (TSL) on the components of extracellular matrix (ECM) and their metabolism in kidney of rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN), and to explore its mechanism of kidney protecting.

METHODSThe DN model rats established by one side nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin were randomly divided into 5 groups, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Valsartan group, the Gliquidon group, and the TSL group, 10 in each group. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 24-h urinary micro-content of albumin (24 h mAlb) were determined dynamically; the serum glycosyl hemoglobin (HbA1c)was determined after the last medication; the ultrastructural changes of kidney were observed by transmission electron microscope; the expressions of collagen IV (IV-C), fibronctin (FN), laminin(LN), and the ECM metabolism influencing factors, including MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2), transfer growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in renal tissue were detected by immunohistological chemistry and image collecting analytical system. Results TSL could decrease the levels of FBG, HbA1c, 24 h mAlb (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), ameliorate the thickness of glomerular basement membrane (GBM), decrease the components of ECM, down-regulate TGF-beta1 and TIMP-2 expression, and up-regulate MMP-2 expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTSL plays a role of kidney protection by decreasing the ECM components expression and regulate ECM metabolism.

Animals ; Capsules ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Matrix ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Laminin ; metabolism ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Endoglin ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; SOX9 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate

Objective To understand the radiation protection effect of pre-irradiation administrations of nilestriol on the mice with bone marrow type of acute radiation syndrome after irradiation with 60Co γ-rays,along with its mechanisms for improvement of hematopoiesis.Methods The nilestriol administration protocols were prepared by analysis of peripheral blood cell counts and survival rate experiment on mice.The mechanisms by which the pre-irradiation twice administrations improved the post-irradiation recovery of bone marrow hematopoiesis were studied by the analysis of the surface marker of bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells of mice and by the inspection of hematopoietic progenitor cell colony and by using histopathological assessment of bone marrow.Results Pre-irradiation administration of nilestriol at two-or three-day intervals had been shown to increase survival rates up to 100％ in mice exposed to 9.0 Gy γ-rays,which was superior to a single administration (20％,x2 =21.66,21.66,P ＜0.05).The pre-irradiation administration both at one-day or two-day intervals were capable of improving the recovery of peripheral blood counts,including white blood cell (WBC),red blood cell (RBC),and platelet in mice exposed to 6.5 Gy (F =21.33,100.9,49.34,19.19,P ＜ 0.05),showing the better effects than a single administration (F =17.11,63.38,21.89,14.37,P ＜ 0.05).The two-day-interval administration of nilestriol could significantly increase the numbers of bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell counts (t =8.58,2.80,P ＜ 0.05) in mice on day 10 after 6.5 Gy irradiation.This also could be capable to significantly improve colony formation,with there being statistical difference compared with single administration(t =4.29,6.34,P ＜ 0.05).Also the administration at two-day-interval were also usefull in reconstruction of hematopoietic cell hyperplasia of bone marrow of irradiated mice.Conclusions As compared with conventional single admination,the pre-irradiation multiple administrations of nilestriol showed significantly improved radiation protection effects.Considering a nuclear medical emergency rescue,it is recommended to follow the pre-irradiation administration of nilestriol at two-day interval,which could obtain the best protection effects at minimum administration frequency.

Apoptosis of PK-15 cells induced by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) in vitro was reported in this paper. Typical cell apoptosis was detected by use of Hoechst 33258 fluorescence probe, agarose gel electrophoresis and in situ end-labeling (TUNEL). After PK-15 cells were infected by titration of 4.8 lg TCID50/mL FMDV for 32 h, apoptosis characteristics of nuclear condensation, fragmentation, accompanied by apoptotic bodies formation (Hoechst 33258 staining), 180-200 integer-fold sized pieces DNA Ladders (agarose gel electrophoresis) and strong green fluorescence dots (TUNEL) were all exhibited, and cell apoptosis was approximately 20%. In addition, the quantitative analysis of apoptosis in PK-15 cells induced by FMDV showed that apoptosis was correlated with infection of virus, and it was also time-dependent. Results indicate that FMDV can induce apoptosis of host cells and apoptosis plays an important role in the cytopathogencity effect of FMDV.

Objective To explore value of detecting fetal thymus size with the thymic-thoracic ratio (TT-ratio).Methods Prenatal ultrasonography examinations were performed on totally 317 normal singleton healthy pregnancies from 18 to 39 gestational weeks.The normal thymus of fetus were observed on the three-vessel-trachea (3VT) view.The anteroposterior diameter of the thymus (T1) was measured between the anterior border of the aortic arch and posterior border of sternum.The intrathoracic mediastinal diameter (T2) was measured between the anterior border of thoracic vertebral body and posterior border of sternum.The TT-ratio was then calculated as the ratio of T1 to T2.Scatter plot between TT-ratio and gestational age was drawn.And the Spearman regression analysis was performed.Results The thymus of fetus was shown as an irregular homogenous structure in the anterior mediastinum on the 3VT view.The mean TT-ratio was 0.45± 0.03.There was no correlation between TT-ratio and gestation (rs =0.06,P=0.29).Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound can display the thymus obviously.TT-ratio could be applied to assess the fetal thymus size,which can provides clinical basis for the detection of absent or hypoplastic thymus in fetus.