Early detection and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most direct and effective ways to improve the long-term outcome of patients with HCC. The comparative study on clinicopathological characteristics of surgically resected micro HCC (≤1 cm), small HCC(≤3 cm), middle HCC (3-5 cm), and large HCC (>5 cm) showed that ≤3 cm small HCC had the features of DNA diploidy, well differentiation, relatively slow growth, encapsulation, rare long-distance metastatic foci and thrombosis, easy to be radically resected and long-term postoperative survival. It is suggested that HCC growing to about ≤3 cm is an important growth phase when the change of pathobiological characteristics of HCC from a relatively benign to a more malignant behavior would occur. This is also the important time to carry out radical treatment to get better results. Therefore,further research on the early diagnosis and treatment as well as the pathobiological features of small HCC ≤3 cm should be undertaken as one of the key clinical and pathological studies in the future.

Surgical-oncological pathology is one of the most important supporting discipline for hepatobiliary surgery.With rapid development in modern hepatobiliary surgery,the traditional model of morphological diagnosis can no longer meet the needs of oncological surgery.To improve the level of pathological diagnosis, better understand clinical concerns,update the mode of pathological diagnosis,introduce new technologies,expand the connotations of pathological diagnosis,provide a new indexing system for clinical treatment programs,and focus on interdisciplinary collaborative research are the most important issues in the development of surgical pathology for hepatobiliary tumors.

Circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a kind of malignant tumor cells shed from the primary tumor into the circulation caused by spontaneity or surgical operation and puncture. With the development of CTC analysis recently, the detection methods have been gradually diversified. As a new biomarker, CTC plays a significant role in the diagnosis, therapeutic effect monitoring and prognosis of tumors. This paper mainly introduces the enrichment and analysis technology of CTC, and explore the relationship between CTC and tumors.

Unlike conventional radiation therapy, stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is an emerging tumor-ablative radiation technology with a high-dose delivery to targets while dramatically sparing adjacent normal tissues. The strengths of SRT involve noninvasive and short-course treatment, high rates of tumor local control with a low risk of side effects. Although the scientific concepts of radiobiology fail to be totally understood currently, SRT has shown its potential and advantages against various tumors, especially for those adjacent to less tolerable normal organs (spinal cord, optic nerve, bowels, etc.). Nowadays, the clinical efficacy of SRT has been widely confirmed in certain patients, especially for those medically inoperable, unwilling to undergo surgery, medicine ineffective with tumor progression. Moreover, SRT could be properly used as palliative treatment aiming at relieving local symptoms and pain, and eventually achieving a potential survival benefit of several months. However, the weaknesses of SRT relate to inevitable radiation-induced toxicities as well as the inaccessibility of prophylactic irradiation. In general, one flaw cannot obscure the splendor of the jade. The emergence and development of SRT has opened the new era of precision radiation therapy, and SRT will probably step gloriously onto the remarkable stage for precision medicine.
Humans ; Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Precision Medicine ; Radiosurgery

ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture plus medication versus using Chinese medication or acupuncture alone in treating perimenopausal syndrome.MethodNinety patients with perimenopausal syndrome were randomized into 3 groups, 30 in each group, to respectively receive acupuncture plus Chinese medication, Chinese medication alone, and acupuncture alone, totally for 3 months. Modified Kupperman index was adopted to evaluate therapeutic efficacy.ResultAfter intervention, the Kupperman scores decreased significantly in all three groups (P<0.01). The Kupperman score of the acupuncture-medication group was markedly superior to that ofthe medication group and acupuncture group (P<0.05).Conclusion Combination of acupuncture and medication can significantly improve the symptoms of perimenopausal syndrome, and is valuablein clinic.

To study the immunopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma(AML).Methods:Thirty-six surgically resected hepatic AML were investigated clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically with 10 antibodies.Results:Hepatic AML occurred in 21 females and 15 males,with the mean age of 41.6 years(26-60 years old).The patients with AML often had no special symptoms even had large space-occupying lesions in the liver.The diameter of AML was 2.5 cm to 14 cm(mean 6.8 cm).Histologically,AML was composed of varying heterogeneous mixture of 3 tissue components:blood vessels,smooth muscle and adipose cells.Extramedullary hemopoiesis sometimes existed.According to tissue components,AML was subcategorized into mixed type(19.4%,n=7),lipomatous type(11.1%,n=4),myomatous type(66.7%,n=24),and angiomatous type(2.8%,n=1).The epithelioid smooth muscle cells were sensitive to HMB-45(100%),SMA(100%),and CD117(66.7%) staining.Conclusion:Hepatic AML often contains smooth muscle elements,which have varied morphological features and should be carefully differentiated from hepatocellular carcinoma,mesenchymal hamartoma，and tumors with rich fat or blood vessels.Immunohistochemical staining with HMB-45 and SMA are the best available markers for the diagnosis of hepatic AML.

Objective To observe the effect of montelukast on bronchial asthma and influence on the immune state , in order to provide support for the treatment of montelukast.Methods 92 patients with bronchial asthma in our hospital from December 2014 to January 2016 were selected in the study and randomLy divided into two group.The control group was treated with the conventional therapy of bronchial dilation and glucocorticoid inhalation , and on this basis, the treatment group was loaded with montelukast, 10 mg/times, one times of one day, and the course of treatment was one months.Then the frequency of acute attack of asthma and the number of beta receptor agonist were before and after treatment were recorded , and the lung function the level of T lymphocyte subsets and the levels of inflammatory cytokines before treatment and after treatment were detected , and the difference between the two groups was compared.Results After treatment, t the frequency of acute attack of asthma of day and night and the number of beta receptor agonist of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group, the FEV1%, FVC% and PEF% of the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group, the level of CD8 + was significantly lower than the control group, the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + was higher than the control group; the levels of IL-2, INF-γwere higher than the control group, while the levels of IL-4, IL-8 were lower than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The montelukast has certain regulation effect on imbalance of CD4 +/CD8 +and Th1/Th2 in children with bronchial asthma, and have a good effect on the prevention of asthma.

Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To compare the effect of underwater treadmill training (UWTT), body weight support treadmill training (BWSTT) and conventional gait training (CGT) for walking ability and balance function in hemiplegic patients after stroke. Methods 43 patients were divided into CGT group (n=14), BWSTT group (n=13) and UWTT group (n=16). Based on conventional gait training, the UWTT group and BWSTT group respectively accepted UWTT and BWSTT for 4 weeks. They were assessed with Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), maximum walking speed (MWS), 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and dynamic balance function and static balance function with Active Balancer before and after training. Results All the patients improved in all items after training (P<0.05), while the UWTT group improved more in the 6MWT and balance function items than the BWSTT group (P<0.05). Conclusion UWTT is more effective for hemiplegic patients after stroke in walking ability and balance function than BWSTT.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)is a malignant cancer originated from pleural meso-thelial cell.The diagnosis of MPMis based on biopsy of pleura and immunohistochemistry.The current treat-ment of MPM is multimodality therapy including surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy and immunotherapy. There are two major surgical procedures:extrapleural pneumonectomy and pleurectomy/decortication.The main of radiotherapy is three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.Cisplatinum combined with pemetrexed is the first-line chemotherapy for the patients with MPM.The principal targets for immunotherapy include regulatory T cells,cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 and PD-1 .