MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act by binding to complementary sites on target messenger RNA (mRNA) to induce mRNA degradation and/or translational repression. To investigate the influence of miRNAs at transcript levels, two human miRNAs (miR-1 and miR-124) were transfected into HeLa cells and microarrays used to examine changes in the mRNA profile showed that many genes were downregulated and that the fold decreases in levels of these target mRNAs differed remarkably. Features depicting interactions between miRNAs and their respective target mRNAs, such as the number of putative binding sites, the strength of complementary matches and the degree of stabilization of the binding duplex, were extracted and analyzed. It was found that, for a given target mRNA, both the quality and quantity of miRNA binding sites significantly affected its degree of destabilization. To delineate these types of interactions, a simple statistical model was proposed, which considers the combined effects of both the quality and quantity of miRNA binding sites on the degradation levels of target mRNAs. The analysis provides insights into how any animal miRNA might interact with its target mRNA. It will help us in designing more accurate methods for predicting miRNA targets and should improve understanding of the origins of miRNAs.

Silent cerebral infarction is widely exist in the elderly population.It is considered to be the early clinical stage of symptomatic stroke and cognitive impairment.The incidences of silent cerebral infarction are higher in patients with atrial fibrillation and after atrial fibrillation ablation.It is not clear whether anticoagulant therapy can prevent silent cerebral infarction and improve cognitive function in patients with atrial fibrillation.This article reviews the hot issues related to silent cerebral infarction and atrial fibrillation.

Objective To investigate the expression level of miR-133b in cancer tissues of patients with prostate cancer and its effect on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.Methods The total RNAs in resected prostate cancer tissues and adjacent tissues from 30 patients with prostate cancer were extracted and reversely transcripted into cDNA,and then the expression levels of miR-133b were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.The correlations between the expression levels of miR-133b and the patients' clinicopathological features were analyzed.The expression of positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 16 (PRDM16) and proliferation of PC-3 cells transfected with miR-133b mimics by LipofectamineTM 3000 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and the CCK8 method,respectively.Results The expression levels of miR-133b in prostate cancer tissues [(16.85 ± 0.94) × 10-4] was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues [(22.95 ± 1.567) × 10-4,t =3.335,P ＜ 0.01].The expression levels of PRDM16 in PC-3 cells transfected with miR-133b mimics were significantly lower than that in the control group (0.371 ±0.031 vs 1.000 ±0.022,t =12.53,P ＜ 0.01).The proliferation ability of PC3 cells transfected with miR-133b mimics for 72 hours was significantly lower than that in the control group (t =6.811,P ＜ 0.01).Similarly,the proliferation ability of PC-3 cells transfected with PRDM16 inhibitor for 72 hours was also significantly lower than that in the control group (t =9.048,P ＜0.01).Conclusion The expression levels of miR-133b in prostate cancer tissues are significantly down-regulated,which regulate the proliferation of prostate cancer cells possibly through PRDM16.

12 patients with inconsistent growth of twins were involved.The acoustic features were analyzed,inclu-ding 2D and Doppler images.The differential diagnosis was verified during follow-up exam in some patients.8 cases were diagnosed with sIUGR by ultrasonography,meanwhile 3 were diagnosed with TTTS.The rest 1 case could not be etiologically diagnosed due to the bad image conditions.We can differentiate the two diseases by evaluating the umbilical cord insertion,the amiotic fluid and the hemodynamics of the other twin.Ultrasonography is helpful in the differential diagnosis for TTTS and sIUGR.

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) act by binding to complementary sites on target messenger RNA(mRNA) to induce mRNA degradation and/or translational repression.To investigate the influence of miRNAs at transcript levels,two human miRNAs(miR-1 and miR-124) were transfected into HeLa cells and microarrays used to examine changes in the mRNA profile showed that many genes were downregulated and that the fold decreases in levels of these target mRNAs differed remarkably.Features depicting interactions between miRNAs and their respective target mRNAs,such as the number of putative binding sites,the strength of complementary matches and the degree of stabilization of the binding duplex,were extracted and analyzed.It was found that,for a given target mRNA,both the quality and quantity of miRNA binding sites significantly affected its degree of destabilization.To delineate these types of interactions,a simple statistical model was proposed,which considers the combined effects of both the quality and quantity of miRNA binding sites on the degradation levels of target mRNAs.The analysis provides insights into how any animal miRNA might interact with its target mRNA.It will help us in designing more accurate methods for predicting miRNA targets and should improve understanding of the origins of miRNAs.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of facial acupoint catgut embedding therapy in the treatment of skin aging.Methods The sixty patients with facial skin aging were randomly divided into catgut embedding group and sham embedding group,30 cases each.Catgut embedding group received catgut embedding therapy; the control group also received acupuncture but not the filling line.Two groups were operated 2 times,once every 21 days,a total of 42 days.The facial skin aging were evaluated and analyzed using VISIA and CK complexion analysis system.Results In catgut embedding group,wrinkles,pores,texture,moisture and elasticity were improved signficantly (P＜0.05).Ultraviolet,pigmentation,telangiectasia and melasma were not obviously improved.There was no significant change in the sham embedding group.Conclusions Facial acupoint catgut embedding therapy is an effective method for the treatment of skin aging with no significant side effects.

The sex difference in stroke is increasingly receiving attention. The incidence and prevalence of stroke in males are higher than in females. There are greater differences both among the age groups and populations. The incidences of cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage in males are higher than females, while the incidence of subarachnoidal hemorrhage is even higher in females. Studies have shown that mortality of stroke in males is higher; however,because the females are older and have more serious symptoms at the onset of stroke, therefore their prognosis is poorer. Poststroke depression is common in females and their quality of life is lower. Stroke in females is mostly involved in cerebral cortex; their atypical symptoms are more common. Both males and females can benefit from thrombolytic and stroke unit therapies. Females with cardioembolic stroke may benefit more from anticoagulant therapy.

Objective To study the changes of system immune and intestinal immune in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to obesity. Methods Ninty male SD rats were divided into control, high-sucrose and high-fat diet groups. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models were established by feeding with high-sucrose diet or high-fat diet and were killed at the 4th,8th and 12th weeks with 10 each for each group. The extent of liver steatosis was observed with HE staining.Portal blood endotoxin level was assessed by limulus test. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lymphocytes in Peyer's patches (PP) were calculated by flowcytometry. Results In comparison with control group, the endotoxin level was not elevated from the 4th week to 12th week in high-sucrose diet group, (all P values＞0.05), but was increased in high-fat diet group at the 8th week (P＜0.05). CD4/CD8 ratio in PBMC was higher in high-sucrose and higt-fat diet groups than that in control group at the 4th week (P＜0. 05) ,but was lower than that in control group at the 8th and 12th weeks (P＜0. 05). Whereas the variation of CD4/CD8 ratio in PP was consisted with that in PBMC between the high-sucrose and high-fat diet groups at the 4 th and 8 th weeks, but there was no difference when compared with control group at the 12 th week (P＞0.05).Conclusion Obesity can inhibit systematic immune and intestinal immune. The intestinal immune may be regulated by the liver.

Objective To summarize magnetic the resonance imaging (MRI) features of choledochal traumatic neuroma,and investigate the key points of diagnosis and differentiation.Methods This was a retrospective descriptive study.The clinicopathological data of 1 patient with choledochal traumatic neuroma who was admitted to the Yantaishan Hospital on 18 August,2015 were collected.The patient received pre-contrast and dynamic-contrast-enhanced MRI and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).Observational indexes included:(1) imaging features:location,size,signal intensity and enhancement characteristics of the lesion;(2) treatment and prognosis:surgical treatment,pathological findings,results of immunohistochemical staining and clinical follow-up.After preoperative related examinations,the patient and relatives were willing to receive surgical therapy,and postoperative pathological examinations and immunohistochemical staining were conducted.The follow-up using outpatient examination was performed to detect the patient's recovery and clinical symptoms up to January 2016.Ultrasound and laboratory examinations [alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and total bilirubin (TBil)] were also recorded.Results (1) Imaging features:pre-contrast MRI revealed a stricture and intra-lumen nodular in the middle portion of common bile duct.The nodular was measured 1.2 cm × 0.9 cm at maximum cross-section.The nodular was well-demarcated and homogeneous of hypointensity on T1-weighted image comparing to hepatic parenchyma,slight hyperintensity on T2-weighted image and slight hypointensity on fat-suppressed T2-weighted image.MRCP could demonstrate the nodular more clearly and dilation of distal bile duct and intra-hepatic bile ducts.The width of common bile duct was 1.4 cm.After administration of contrast materials,the nodular showed avid enhancement and delay enhancement,which was mild enhancement at the artery phase,and gradual increase at the portal vein phase and the delay phase.The length of central stricture of the common bile duct was 1.3 cm.There was no abnormal enhancement in liver,spleen and pancreas.No retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy could be seen.The imaging diagnosis was cholangiocarcinoma with dilation of bile ducts.(2) Treatment and prognosis:the patient received surgery for tumor resection and Roux-en-Y reconstruction.The removed gross specimen was a grey-white nodular measured 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm.The cute surface was grey-white and stiff.The microscopic evaluation revealed haphazard arrangement of nerve bundles within the hyperplasia fibrotic stroma.Normal biliary epithelial cells can be seen beside the nerve bundles.Immunohistochemical staining showed S-100 and Vimentin were positive.The index of Ki-67 was 5％.The patient was discharged at 14 days postoperatively with the good recovery.During postoperative 5-month follow-up,the patient had good recovery and jaundice seleras were disappeared.Ultrasound showed the bile ducts were not dilated.The results of laboratory examinations were normal.Conclusion MRI features of choledochal traumatic neuroma include an intra-lumen nodular with biliary stricture and avid and delay enhancement after contrast materials administration.

Objective To investigate the MRI manifestations and its pathologic foundation of adrenal myelolipoma.Methods MRI images of 13 patinets with adrenal myelolipoma confirmed by pathological assessment were analyzed retrospectively.MRI fingings were also studied in correlation with surgical pathology.Results The MRI diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma in 13 patients were correct preoperative.Huge mass in the adrenal were found in 11 patients with T 1WI high signal intensity and mixed with conclamata and stripe low signal intensity.The high signal intensity was mature fatty tissue and the low signal intensity was myeloid tissue on pathologic examination.2 patients appeared as mixed signal intensity principle isointensity on T 1WI images,and the pathological findings was tumor hemorrhage.The high signal intensity changes to low signal intensity and slight higher than the signal of subcutaneous fatty tissue on T 1WI or T 1WI with fatty suppression.The low signal intensity of the myeloid tissue and the hemorrhage were high sinal intensity.No enhancement were found in all patients.Partly capsule enhancement were found in 2 patients with tumor hemorrhage and infection.The inferior cava vena was displaced to the anterior and internal side in all patients.Conclusion The characteristic manifestation of adrenal myelolipoma is high signal intensity change of the fatty tissue and no enhancement on contrast-enhanced MRI image.MRI could give correct diagnosis of the adrenal myelolipoma preoperative.