The defense for paternalism is based on that family members' decisions are usually beneficial for patients' best interests.However,this premise remains to be demonstrated.The moral theory of maintaining family members' interests challenged the ethical principle of respecting patients' autonomy,which believed that treatment decisions should be discussed by the whole family members.However,the principle of autonomy does not always dissever the relationship between individual and family members.It resorted East Asia family autonomy of Chinese traditional culture and emphasized on the value of objective goodness and family dependence.However,patients often do not play a proper role in families' decision-making.Besides,the Confucian bioethics also needs to provide more sufficient argumentation to deal with the relationship between subjective goodness and objective goodness.The unconditional acquiescence of family members' domination in decision-making is worthy reflecting in the current medical environment.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of C-reaction protein ( CRP ) and D-Dimer levels in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( AECOPD ) complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PH) and their association with HP. Methods Arterial blood gas and levels of CRP and D-Dimer were detected in 150 patients with AECOPD. Results Levels of CRP, D-Dimer, and PaCO2 were higher but PO2 level was lower in patients with moderate to severe PH than those with mild PH and the control subjects. Levels of CRP and D-Dimer were higher in patients with mild PH than the control subjects. Levels of CRP, D-Dimer, and PCO2 levels had a linear relationship with PASP, while PO2 was negatively correlated with PASP. Levels of CRP and D-Dimer were positively related with PCO2, while were negatively correlated with PO2. Conclusions Levels of CRP and D-Dimer can be used as an indicator for estimating the severity of pulmonary hypertension in patients with AECOPD.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that can sense danger signals from damaged cells or pathogens and assemble to mediate the activation of caspase-1, which proteolytically activates the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18.Uniquely, inflammasome activation needs two steps to induce inflammation.Its activation has been studied in human and different experimental liver diseases and demonstrated to have effects on hepatocyte damage, immune cell activation and amplification of liver inflammation.In this review, inflammasome and their functions in variant liver diseases (especially ALD, NASH, ischemia-reperfusion liver injury) will be discussed in detail.These findings could help us deepen our understanding about these diseases, and provide new clues to the therapy of them in clinical practice.

Objective To observe the effect of treating infantile anaphylactoid purpura with self-made Huoxue Huayu decoction. Methods 68 cases with infantile anaphylactoid purpura ,were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group, with 34 cases in each group. The control group was taken Cetirizine, Prednisone, Rutin and Vitamin C orally. The treatment group was treated with self-made Huoxue Huayu decoction on the basis of treatment in the control group. Results The total effective rate of the control group and the treatment group was 82.35% and 94.12% respectively. As compared with the effective rate in the control group, the treatment group showed significant improvement. Conclusion It was effective to treat infantile anaphylaetoid purpura with Huoxue Huayu decoction.

Atrial Fibrillation ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; Humans

The ambiguous diagnosis,the public's insufficient understanding of AMR and improper use of antibiotics in agriculture are the main reasons for accelerating antibiotic resistamce(AMR).At present,the main coping strategies are limited to technical means while lacking ethical consideration.The related ethical issues are,mainly,tensions of personal health interests and public health interests,the conflicts between agricultural development and human health benefits,the distributive justice,inter-generational justice.Understandings and addressing these issues rely on value judgments based on the moral theories.And then it will form an effective and reasonable antibiotic management solution which will help to deal with AMR fundamentally.

Atrial Fibrillation ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; Humans

Objective To observe the clinical effects of treating infantile viral myocarditis with Huangqi Injection united Vitamin C. Methods 60 patients with infantile viral myocarditis were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group, with 30 patients in each group. Both groups were given comprehensive therapies including rest, anti-infection, myocardium nourishment, etc. The treatment group was additionally treated with Huangqi Injection united Vitamin C on the basis of comprehensive therapies. Results The total effective rate of the control group and the treatment groups was 70.00% 96.67% respectively, the difference showing statistic significance (P<0.05) . Conclusion It was effective to treat infantile viral myocarditis with Huangqi Injection united Vitamin C.

Objective: To develop a quality of life instrument for hepatitis B patients(QOL-HBV) and examine it's reliability and validity.Methods:The item analysis, construct validity, content validity, criteria validity, reliability and discriminate were assessed by a survey on 134 HBV patients with QOL-HBV.Results:Item analysis showed that QOL-HBV had satisfactory item discrimination. Eight common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and they can be reduced to three domains. The ?2/DF was 1.310, GFI was 0.972 and AGFI was 0.967 by the confirmatory factor analysis. The coefficients of Cronbach's ? of the instrument and all domains were above 0.80. In comparison with SF-36, there was good correlation among corresponding domains.Conclusion:QOL-HBV is a good scale in testing the quality of life, which has good reliability and validity.

0.99. The recovery rates were 72.25% -109.0% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.82% -11.61% . Conclusion The method is fast,simple,sensitive and needs no organic solvent and it is applicable to the determination of organochlorine pesticides and chlorobenzene compounds in water.