Diagnostic ; Neisseria ; Gonorrhea ; Comparative Study

The “Kokon Hoi” was compiled by Koga Tsugen and was the most widely used formulary in the Edo era. Here are the results of this author's examination of various “Kokon Hoi” editions.1) Koga Tsugen received the source book of “Kokon Hoi” from the publisher Umemura, and compiled “Sanpo Kokon Hoi”.2) The original edition of “Kokon Hoi” was published by Umemura in around1692. This edition was a lengthwise book and contained 1263 prescriptions, which is the fewest of all the editions examined here.3) Umemura published an expanded edition of the original “Kokon Hoi” around1696. This was an oblong book, and included almost all of the prescriptions of the original “Kokon Hoi” with an additional 273 prescriptions.4) At the request of Umemura, Koga Tsugen published “Sanpo Kokon Hoi” with an additional 348 prescriptions in 1733, and subsequently, “Jutei Kokon Hoi” with an additional 43 prescriptions in 1747. “Jutei Kokon Hoi” was then reprinted in the years 1780, 1808 and 1862.
Books ; Editions ; Comparative Study ; historical period ; seconds

A daily count of air borne pollen was done within the city limits of Seoul, Korea for a period of two years (1984-1985) using Durham's Gravity Sampling Device. Two major pollen seasons, March through May, and the month of September, were easily distinguishable. The concentration of the different types of pollen as well as all of the pollens combined varied similarly both years to a significant degree. The pollen types found in the greatest numbers were Alnus (March), Populus (April), Quercus (April-May), Pinus(May), grasses (September), and weeds (September). The main weed pollens detected in September, sagebrush, ragweed and Japanese hop would also be considered to be important allergenic pollens of respiratory allergy in Korea. The results of the survey are discussed in the light of especially relevant published literature.
Air Pollution/analysis* ; Comparative Study ; Human ; Korea ; Pollen/analysis* ; Seasons

The clinical bacteriology laboratory has to be prepared to isolate and identify anaerobes as the implication of anaerobes in clinical infections is increasing. Although many types of thioglycollate media have been widely used for the enrichment growth of anerobes, different types are known to have different growth supporting ability. GAM is a recently developed medium, which is said to support a good growth of anaerobes. This study was made to compare GAM and the commonly used thioglycollate medium. It was found that BTM was superior to FTM, but GAM was showing the heaviest growth after a short incubation time. Hemoglobin powder added to FTM or BTM greatly improved growth of Bacteroides without impairing the clarity of the media. Supplementation of FTM with 1/4 strength each of BHI and TSB, and 1000 mg of hemoglobin per liter of medium improved growth of anaerobes. Among all of the tested media, GAM gave the best results for the cultivation of anaerobes including Bacteroides and Fusobacterium.
Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria/growth & development* ; Comparative Study ; Culture Media* ; Hemoglobins ; Thioglycolates*

Pulmonary Function tests are widely used in clinical practice in the assessment of a variety of patients. the values obtained in this test are obtained using the standard formula made by Morris et al based on the age and height of Caucasian population.

in this study, a comparison was made of the PFT results of 358 patients using both the Morris Standard formula and those made by Roa et al based on a filipino population, using the statistical program MICROSTAT. results revealed a statistically significant difference in practically all variables, except for the FEV% and the FVC in males, this means therefore that the filipino standard developed by Roa et al should be used since the final patient classification significantly changes.

The number and sizes of corneocytes in 10 different sites on young, healthy adults of both sexes were estimated, using the detergent scrub technique and an automatic cytographic counter. At all collection sites the count was higher in the males-significantly so at all sites except the palm and cubital fossa. At all collection sites except the popliteal fossa and the heel, the corneocytes were larger in the females-significantly so at the cubital fossa, medial upper arm, abdomen, and back sites.
Adult ; Cell Count ; Comparative Study ; Epidermis/cytology* ; Female ; Human ; Korea ; Male ; Sex Factors

The efficacy of hydrocolloid occlusive dressing technique was compared with that of the conventional wet-to-dry gauze dressing technique in decubitus ulcer of stage I and II. Forty-four patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups and each received treatment according to the two different protocols. As a result, 80.8% of the hydrocolloid occlusive dressing group (group 1) and 77.8% of the conventional wet-to-dry gauze dressing group (group 2) healed completely with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, the time required for complete healing was shorter in group 1 with 18.9 days compared to 24.3 days in group 2. Ulcer healing speed was also slightly faster in group 1 with 9.1 mm2/day compared to 7.9 mm2/day for group 2. Average treatment time spent by a medical staff member was significantly shorter in group 1 with 20.4 minutes/day compared to 2017 minutes/day in group 2. The hospital cost of the ulcer treatment was higher in group 2 compared to group 1 even without taking into consideration the medical personnel's labor cost. These results indicate that the hydrocolloid occlusive dressing technique offers less time consuming and less expensive method of treatment compared to the conventional technique in stage I andII decubitus ulcers.
Adult ; Aged ; Comparative Study ; Decubitus Ulcer/*therapy ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; *Occlusive Dressings

No abstract available.
Comparative Study ; Death Certificates ; Human ; Korea ; Life Expectancy ; Mortality* ; Time Factors

During the 8-month period of May to December, 1978, a total of 3,529 blood cultures were taken from Yonsei Medical Center patients and the effect of blind subculture in the initial detection of Salmonella typhi positive culture was analyzed. The blind subculture at the end of 1-day incubation (1-d BS) detected 35.0% of S. typhi positive specimens. All of the S. typhi positive specimens by 1-d BS were a1so macroscopically positive. However, by doing slide agglutination with the growth on subculture plate S. typhi was identifiable tentatively. This saved a day compared to macroscopic examination alone. Therefore the 1-d BS is concluded to be a valuable procedure for the isolation of this organism from blood. For the isolation of S. typhi 7-day incubation was concluded adequete based on the fact that there was only 1 specimen which became positive after over 1-week incubation.
Bacteriological Techniques* ; Blood/microbiology ; Comparative Study ; Culture Media ; Human ; Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification* ; Time Factors

Two common study designs of occupational epidemiologic studies are cohort mortality studies, which use the population at risk as a denominator, and proportionate mortality studies, which use the total number of events as a denominator. This study compared the various methods of point estimation for cohort mortality studies, i.e., RR (risk ratio), OR (odds ratio) and SMR (standardized mortality ratio), and those for proportionate mortality studies, i.e., PRR (proportionate risk ratio), POR (proportionate odds ratio) and PMR (proportionate mortality ratio). This study was based on a real dataset of all workers in Metropolitan Toronto, Canada, who applied for compensation for various types of injuries or diseases from the Workers' Compensation Board in 1980. Results showed that within the cohort mortality or proportionate mortality study designs, OR (or POR) in all cases gave the least conservative estimates (farthest away from the null value), while SMR (or PMR) gave the most conservative estimates. The empirical differences between the point estimators were generally small. Our results showed that between study designs the corresponding point estimators were poorly correlated. In addition, this empirical study indicated that the use of the mortality odds ratio did not improve the proportionate mortality study very much in terms of generating results similar to the risk ratio from the cohort mortality design. We drew two conclusions: first, the point estimators within each study design can generally be a good alternative to one another; and second, proportionate mortality studies are not a good approximation for cohort mortality studies.
Cohort Studies ; Comparative Study ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiologic Methods* ; Human ; Mortality* ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects*