Diagnostic ; Neisseria ; Gonorrhea ; Comparative Study

The “Kokon Hoi” was compiled by Koga Tsugen and was the most widely used formulary in the Edo era. Here are the results of this author's examination of various “Kokon Hoi” editions.1) Koga Tsugen received the source book of “Kokon Hoi” from the publisher Umemura, and compiled “Sanpo Kokon Hoi”.2) The original edition of “Kokon Hoi” was published by Umemura in around1692. This edition was a lengthwise book and contained 1263 prescriptions, which is the fewest of all the editions examined here.3) Umemura published an expanded edition of the original “Kokon Hoi” around1696. This was an oblong book, and included almost all of the prescriptions of the original “Kokon Hoi” with an additional 273 prescriptions.4) At the request of Umemura, Koga Tsugen published “Sanpo Kokon Hoi” with an additional 348 prescriptions in 1733, and subsequently, “Jutei Kokon Hoi” with an additional 43 prescriptions in 1747. “Jutei Kokon Hoi” was then reprinted in the years 1780, 1808 and 1862.
Books ; Editions ; Comparative Study ; historical period ; seconds

The clinical bacteriology laboratory has to be prepared to isolate and identify anaerobes as the implication of anaerobes in clinical infections is increasing. Although many types of thioglycollate media have been widely used for the enrichment growth of anerobes, different types are known to have different growth supporting ability. GAM is a recently developed medium, which is said to support a good growth of anaerobes. This study was made to compare GAM and the commonly used thioglycollate medium. It was found that BTM was superior to FTM, but GAM was showing the heaviest growth after a short incubation time. Hemoglobin powder added to FTM or BTM greatly improved growth of Bacteroides without impairing the clarity of the media. Supplementation of FTM with 1/4 strength each of BHI and TSB, and 1000 mg of hemoglobin per liter of medium improved growth of anaerobes. Among all of the tested media, GAM gave the best results for the cultivation of anaerobes including Bacteroides and Fusobacterium.
Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria/growth & development* ; Comparative Study ; Culture Media* ; Hemoglobins ; Thioglycolates*

A daily count of air borne pollen was done within the city limits of Seoul, Korea for a period of two years (1984-1985) using Durham's Gravity Sampling Device. Two major pollen seasons, March through May, and the month of September, were easily distinguishable. The concentration of the different types of pollen as well as all of the pollens combined varied similarly both years to a significant degree. The pollen types found in the greatest numbers were Alnus (March), Populus (April), Quercus (April-May), Pinus(May), grasses (September), and weeds (September). The main weed pollens detected in September, sagebrush, ragweed and Japanese hop would also be considered to be important allergenic pollens of respiratory allergy in Korea. The results of the survey are discussed in the light of especially relevant published literature.
Air Pollution/analysis* ; Comparative Study ; Human ; Korea ; Pollen/analysis* ; Seasons

Pulmonary Function tests are widely used in clinical practice in the assessment of a variety of patients. the values obtained in this test are obtained using the standard formula made by Morris et al based on the age and height of Caucasian population.

in this study, a comparison was made of the PFT results of 358 patients using both the Morris Standard formula and those made by Roa et al based on a filipino population, using the statistical program MICROSTAT. results revealed a statistically significant difference in practically all variables, except for the FEV% and the FVC in males, this means therefore that the filipino standard developed by Roa et al should be used since the final patient classification significantly changes.

An hemodynamic evaluation of two mechanical heart valves is presented. A tilting disc valve and a bileaflet valve were incorporated in a mock circulatory system which consists of a closed flow loop with a pneumatically driven flexible diaphragm to simulate the physiologic pulsatile flow. Comparisons between the valves were made on the aortic pressure, ventricular pressure, as well as mean pressure gradient at a systolic duration of 45% and a heart rate of 90 beats per minute. The results showed that the tilting disc valve has higher ventricular pressure and mean pressure gradient than that of the bileaflet valve. This indicates that the tilting disc valve has higher transvalvular flow resistance and energy loss than that of the bileaflet valve. From this study it is demonstrated that the mock circulatory system can be a very useful device to evaluate the prosthetic heart valves in vitro.
Comparative Study ; *Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Models, Structural ; Pressure ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

A comparative study was made of the sounds produced by normal prosthetic valves (St. Jude Medical, Bjork-Shiley, polymer) with those produced by the same valves but having simulated thrombosis at the stent, hinge, or strut. Comparisons of the closing sound were made for the power frequency spectra associated with individual valves. We used periodogram approach to obtain the spectral characteristics of the valve prostheses. The closing sound of the abnormal mechanical valves displayed lower apparent peak frequency. But the abnormal polymer valve produced higher apparent peak frequency. The results showed that frequency spectra gave information pertinent to the simulated malfunction. Sound spectral analysis is believed to be a simple and a good diagnostic tool for detection of prosthetic valve malfunction. Also it seemed to be superior to other methods such as phonocardiography and echocardiography.
Comparative Study ; Fourier Analysis ; *Heart Sounds ; *Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Human ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Ultrastructural changes were induced in rat liver by the single administration of aflatoxin B1 and G1. These were assessed at intervals of 1, 6, 18, 24 and 48 hours and 1, 4 and 8 weeks. It would appear that administration of aflatoxin B1 induced a marked nucleolar alteration seen from 6 hours after the injection. No significant alterations were noted in animals treated with a small amount of aflatoxin G1, but injection of a larger amount of aflatoxin G1 induced nucleolar alterations similar to aflatoxin Bl treatment. The nucleolar change was characterized by segregation of the granular and fibrillar elements. All three groups showed cytoplasmic changes, such as dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum with detachment of ribosomes, hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, increased numbers of lipid droplets and microbodies. Autoradiographic studies have shown the absorbtion of both aflatoxin B1 and G1 in parenchymal cells, but aflatoxin Bl was absorbed more intensely than Gl, especially in the nucleus. Autoradiographic findings in electron microscopy showed a marked difference in the size grains between aflatoxin B1 and G1, aflatoxin G1 being 1arger than aflatoxin B1.
Aflatoxins/toxicity* ; Animal ; Autoradiography ; Comparative Study ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/pathology* ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats

Ultrastructural changes were induced in rat liver by the single administration of aflatoxin B1 and G1. These were assessed at intervals of 1, 6, 18, 24 and 48 hours and 1, 4 and 8 weeks. It would appear that administration of aflatoxin B1 induced a marked nucleolar alteration seen from 6 hours after the injection. No significant alterations were noted in animals treated with a small amount of aflatoxin G1, but injection of a larger amount of aflatoxin G1 induced nucleolar alterations similar to aflatoxin Bl treatment. The nucleolar change was characterized by segregation of the granular and fibrillar elements. All three groups showed cytoplasmic changes, such as dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum with detachment of ribosomes, hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, increased numbers of lipid droplets and microbodies. Autoradiographic studies have shown the absorbtion of both aflatoxin B1 and G1 in parenchymal cells, but aflatoxin Bl was absorbed more intensely than Gl, especially in the nucleus. Autoradiographic findings in electron microscopy showed a marked difference in the size grains between aflatoxin B1 and G1, aflatoxin G1 being 1arger than aflatoxin B1.
Aflatoxins/toxicity* ; Animal ; Autoradiography ; Comparative Study ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/pathology* ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats

Adult ; Balloon Dilatation/*methods ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Mitral Valve Stenosis/*therapy