The objectives of this study were to examine effects of B2B e-commerce on the material management by comparing the performance of B2B and non-B2B hospitals, and surveying the extent of the objective of B2B implementation was achieved and success and failure factors of the implementation. Managerial data from six hospitals, three B2B and three non-B2B, and survey data from 107 employees involved in the material management at the study hospitals were analyzed. The number of employees at the department of purchasing, time spent for placing order, cycle time from order to delivery were better at the B2B hospitals, and employees' satisfaction with the material management system was significantly higher in the B2B hospitals than in the non-B2B hospitals as well. However, intended effects of B2B e-commerce in wider areas of the material management such as inventory management and sharing of business information were not substantiated in this study. The study results indicated that B2B ecommerce in the study hospitals improved work efficiency and effectiveness in the area of procurement, and implied needs for an ERP-type system and process reengineering with the implementation of B2B e-commerce to obtain wider ranges of effects in the material management. Also the study results implied a need for communication with employees during the course of implementation for the system success.
Commerce

No abstract available.
Commerce*

No abstract available.
Commerce*

No abstract available.
Commerce*

With the gradual advancement of The Reform Plan to Control High-value Medical Consumables published by the State Council, the reform policies such as purchase with quantity, charging consumables" zero bonus" were born, the operating pressure of medical institutions on medical consumables increased sharply, and the fine cost accounting management demands were improving. Due to the manage features of medical consumables, this will lead to the inaccurate and cross-cycle of cost accounting. In order to achieve the refined cost accounting management, the related business system and process adjustment are studied.
Commerce

To the end of 2003, there were 73 national pharmacy businesses conducting capitalization. Of these businesses, there were 8 central national pharmaceutical businesses and 65 local national pharmacy businesses. 33/64 cities and provinces in nationwide was conducted capitalization. Stock process in national business and in national pharmaceutical business was faster than before but had not completed planning. Funds size of business conducting stock was small. In pharmacy, there were 9 businesses having 10 billion of funds conducted stock, acquired 42.9% of national pharmaceutical businesses with 10 billion of funds. After capitalization, the number of business having 100% of government funds was only 4.1%; and business having governable shares belong to government were 6.2%. 11/73 pharmaceutical joint stock companies had production line meeting to GMP standard
Pharmacy ; Commerce

No abstract available.
Commerce* ; Mining*

Aiming at the management efficiency problems in the traditional medical low-value consumables management mode of the nursing unit, based on the perspective of supply chain management, this study uses lean management method to construct the lean management mode of low-value consumables with a whole cycle and whole process information monitoring, and analyzes the application effect of this mode. The results show that after the application of lean management mode, the low-value consumables of the nursing unit can achieve "consumables in use=priced consumables + un-priced consumables", the settlement cost is significantly reduced and its stability is high, and the efficiency of "supply-inventor-distribution" link is significantly enhanced. This model effectively improves the management efficiency of low-value consumables in the hospital, and also provides a reference for other hospitals to improve the management level of low-value consumables.
Hospitals ; Commerce

Effect of Menu Calorie Labels on Menu Sales and Consumer's Recognition at a Korean Restaurant in a Hotel The role of calorie information is to help consumers make healthier food choices. However, calorie information is generally unavailable in restaurants. Even in high-end hotel restaurants, which try to provide high quality foods and service, calorie labeling is not mandatory. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calorie labeling on menu sales and consumer's recognition at a Korean restaurant in Kangwonland hotel. The calorie contents of 10 dishes sold in the restaurant were calculated using the food composition table. After making a new menu plate displaying calorie information, the new menu plate and old menu plate were provided every other week for 4 weeks. When we compared the sales between the periods of calorie labeled and calorie unlabeled, sales of 4 items among the 5 food items providing less than 1000 kcal, increased, however the 3 items among the menu providing more than 1000 kcal decreased. As the survey results of total 405 consumers (male n = 232, female n = 173) showed the new menu plate, 68.2% of subjects recognized calorie labeling on the menu plate. Among the subjects who recognized calorie labeling, 58.3% answered that calorie information affected their food choices. And most of them answered that they chose lower calorie foods based on the information provided. The results suggest that displaying calorie information on the menu plate at a Korean restaurant was effective in changing consumer's food choices.
Commerce* ; Female ; Humans ; Restaurants*

BACKGROUND & METHODS: The purpose of this research is to estimate the efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms and the determinants of their efficiency. Stochastic frontier analysis(SFA) and panel study are applied to the data of 60 domestic pharmaceutical firms from 2006 to 2012. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: First, the result of the stochastic frontier analysis shows that overall efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms is increasing as time goes by. However, if firms are classified by the scale, the larger firms show more efficiency and if classified by the degree of innovativeness, the innovative firms show more efficiency compared to the non-innovative firms. This evidences show that the scale and R&D investment have significant relationships with the efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the national level of investment for the fundamental researches to vitalize R&D of the new drugs. Second, the result of estimation of the determinants of efficiency shows that the firms with larger sales promotion expenses and entertainment expenses have less efficiency compared to the other firms. This can be explained by the structural characteristics of the small generic pharmaceutical firms. Therefore, the government had better make the pharmaceutical firms to reduce sales promotion and entertainment expenses and increase R&D expenses by introducing systems such as global budgeting system on medicine or reference pricing system.
Budgets ; Commerce ; Investments