The objectives of this study were to examine effects of B2B e-commerce on the material management by comparing the performance of B2B and non-B2B hospitals, and surveying the extent of the objective of B2B implementation was achieved and success and failure factors of the implementation. Managerial data from six hospitals, three B2B and three non-B2B, and survey data from 107 employees involved in the material management at the study hospitals were analyzed. The number of employees at the department of purchasing, time spent for placing order, cycle time from order to delivery were better at the B2B hospitals, and employees' satisfaction with the material management system was significantly higher in the B2B hospitals than in the non-B2B hospitals as well. However, intended effects of B2B e-commerce in wider areas of the material management such as inventory management and sharing of business information were not substantiated in this study. The study results indicated that B2B ecommerce in the study hospitals improved work efficiency and effectiveness in the area of procurement, and implied needs for an ERP-type system and process reengineering with the implementation of B2B e-commerce to obtain wider ranges of effects in the material management. Also the study results implied a need for communication with employees during the course of implementation for the system success.
Commerce

No abstract available.
Commerce*

No abstract available.
Commerce*

With the gradual advancement of The Reform Plan to Control High-value Medical Consumables published by the State Council, the reform policies such as purchase with quantity, charging consumables" zero bonus" were born, the operating pressure of medical institutions on medical consumables increased sharply, and the fine cost accounting management demands were improving. Due to the manage features of medical consumables, this will lead to the inaccurate and cross-cycle of cost accounting. In order to achieve the refined cost accounting management, the related business system and process adjustment are studied.
Commerce

No abstract available.
Commerce*

No abstract available.
Commerce* ; Mining*

To the end of 2003, there were 73 national pharmacy businesses conducting capitalization. Of these businesses, there were 8 central national pharmaceutical businesses and 65 local national pharmacy businesses. 33/64 cities and provinces in nationwide was conducted capitalization. Stock process in national business and in national pharmaceutical business was faster than before but had not completed planning. Funds size of business conducting stock was small. In pharmacy, there were 9 businesses having 10 billion of funds conducted stock, acquired 42.9% of national pharmaceutical businesses with 10 billion of funds. After capitalization, the number of business having 100% of government funds was only 4.1%; and business having governable shares belong to government were 6.2%. 11/73 pharmaceutical joint stock companies had production line meeting to GMP standard
Pharmacy ; Commerce

Aiming at the management efficiency problems in the traditional medical low-value consumables management mode of the nursing unit, based on the perspective of supply chain management, this study uses lean management method to construct the lean management mode of low-value consumables with a whole cycle and whole process information monitoring, and analyzes the application effect of this mode. The results show that after the application of lean management mode, the low-value consumables of the nursing unit can achieve "consumables in use=priced consumables + un-priced consumables", the settlement cost is significantly reduced and its stability is high, and the efficiency of "supply-inventor-distribution" link is significantly enhanced. This model effectively improves the management efficiency of low-value consumables in the hospital, and also provides a reference for other hospitals to improve the management level of low-value consumables.
Hospitals ; Commerce

The retail price of some domestic produced medicines had the tendency to increase in line with the increase rate of consumption commodities from 2001 to April 2004. Some kinds of medicines had surveyed as follow: antibiotics; vitamines; reliever; antifebrile; anti- inflamatory; digestion drug, and other medicines. The variation of price of those medicines at that time compared with the rate of consumption commodities, the variation of rate of USA and EURO. The price of consumption commodities increased rate of 3.61% in 2002 compared with 2001. the price increased rate of 3.03% compared with 2003 and during 3 months of 2004 the price of consumption commodities increased 5.40% compared with 2003
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Commerce ;

In this study, we have conducted characterization of imaging performance for a flat panel digital X-ray detector using amorphous Selenium and a-Si TFT which was developed by the authors. The procedures for characterization were in concordance with internationally recommended standards such as IEC (international electrotechnical commission). The measures used for imaging performance characterization include response characteristic, modulation transfer function (MTF), detective quantum efficiency (DQE), noise power spectrum (NPS), and quantum limited performance. The measured DQEs at lowest and highest spatial frequencies were 40% and 25% respectively, which was superior to that of commercial products by overseas vendor. The MTF values were significantly superior to that of CR and indirect type DRs. The quantum limited performance showed the detector was limited by quantum noise at the entrance exposure level below 0.023 mR, which is sufficiently low for general X-ray examination.
Commerce ; Noise ; Selenium ; Silicon