Trichotillomania is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by repetitive pulling out of one's hair. We present a trichotillomania case study illustrating the effectiveness of habit reversal training, which has recently been found, in western countries, to be a very effective cognitive behavioral treatment. The refractory patient in our study had previously received 1 year of drug treatment and psychiatric consultation for the disorder. We administered 10 habit reversal training sessions, which was followed by an obvious improvement in the patient's trichotillomania symptoms. Our observations indicate that habit reversal training might be effective in the treatment of trichotillomania.
Cognitive Therapy ; Hair ; Humans ; Trichotillomania

An uncontrolled clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of Naltrexone and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on relapse prevention in Green Center, Hochiminh city from October 2002 to August 2003. The sample included 106 addicts (94.3% males) who just passed the acute detoxification process. Patients came to the Green Center 3 times per week (every other day), took 100 mg Naltrexone (150mg on weekend) at the Center, and then got a CBT session in one hour. The Naltrexone-CBT program was prolonged in 6 months. The results: 65/106 (61.3%) patients have terminated the treatment course, in which, only 4 patients (6.2%) followed the whole program (6 months); 7 patients (10.8%) have followed 3 - 6 months. The average of treatment duration was 56.7  51.8 days. There were 29.2% addicts have relapsed, in which the relapse rate of addicts, who have followed the whole program in 6 months was 0%; of addicts who had the treatment duration from 3 – 6 months was 5.3%; and of addicts with the treatment duration less than 2 months was 89.4%. The main recognized reasons for the great drop-out rate were the familial interference which a tendency of shortening the treatment course just after 3 months abstinence of their offspring (27.7%), the high cost of the treatment in comparison to the average income of most people (18.5%), the treatment center is too far from addicts home (16.9%)
Naltrexone ; Cognitive Therapy ; prevention & control

Tinnitus is defined as auditory perception without external sound. There is currently no cure for tinnitus. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a tinnitus treatment that addresses the affected individual's reaction to tinnitus. It aims not to eliminate auditory perception as sound but to reduce or correct one's negative response to tinnitus. CBT identifies negative automatic thought and then evaluates its validity with the patient. It also aims to change negative automatic thought to more positive and realistic thought. In this way, tinnitus sufferers can function well despite the presence of tinnitus. Many studies have supported the efficacy of CBT for treating tinnitus. A meta-analysis of CBT for tinnitus also concluded that CBT is effective in treating tinnitus. Thus, CBT is considered a good option for treating tinnitus. We herein discuss the use of CBT for tinnitus with a literature review.
Auditory Perception ; Cognitive Therapy* ; Humans ; Tinnitus*

Facial blushing is a personally disabling condition, which can result in emotional disturbance and be an impediment to social life. Although numerous treatment options exist, including beta blocker, cognitive behavioral therapy and sympathetic neurolysis, no generally accepted form of treatment has been established. Herein, we report two cases of successful reduction of facial blushing following the administration of beta blocker and a minor tranquillizing antianxiety drug.
Affective Symptoms ; Blushing* ; Cognitive Therapy ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: Psychiatric staffs may experience excessive work stress, burnout, and reduced job satisfaction in clinical settings. This can increase chances of diminishing their overall working efficiency or having difficulty managing their own mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group mindfulness- based cognitive therapy(MBCT) on job stress, burnout, self-efficacy, resilience, and job satisfaction. METHODS: Twenty eight psychiatric staffs who agreed to participate in the study were included. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure job stress, burnout, resilience, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. To examine the effects of group MBCT, the scores were compared before and after MBCT. RESULTS: Work stress and burnout scale scores were significantly decreased after group MBCT. Resilience, job satisfaction, and self-efficacy scale scores were significantly increased after group MBCT. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, group MBCT for psychiatric staffs helped to reduce their work stress and burnout, and, as well, helped to improve resilience, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. This suggests that, in mental health treatment settings, psychiatric staffs can improve their mental health through group MBCT. Improving mental health of psychiatric staff may also have a positive impact on their patients.
Cognitive Therapy* ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Mental Health

Cognitive rehabilitation refers to the cognition-based approaches that aim to induce people with cognitive impairment to achieve or maintain an optimal level of psychological and social functioning. Many models and definitions of cognitive rehabilitation exist. In this review, cognitive rehabilitation would be briefly reviewed as three categories; cognitive stimulation, cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation. Cognitive stimulation is a range of group activities and discussions targeting general enhancement of cognitive and social functioning. Cognitive training is guided practice of standardized cognitive task-sets according to the individual levels. Cognitive rehabilitation is an individual approach using rehabilitation strategy for cognitively disabled person. Goal-setting is essential and emphasis is on improving performance in everyday life.
Cognitive Therapy ; Dementia* ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Rehabilitation*

It is known that the personality is the crucial factor in the treatment outcome of depression. The authors tried to identify the results of such studies and various components which determine the treatment outcome of depression. Nearly 60 papers published between the year 1990 and 2000 about the treatment of depression and personality were reviewed. Among them about 30 papers were selected to compere the research methods, results and discussions. The arguments and critics of the papers were discussed. In the many debates, the authors admitted the fact that premorbid personality trait influences the treatment outcome of depression negatively regardless of treatment method. Subtyping of depression is feasible along the presence of good or bad predictors of treatment outcome for depression. Differentiation of depression and personality seems to have no problem, however test of personality state before the development of psychiatric disorder such as depression is not amenable. For example, cluster A personality trait is often misunderstood as depression in clinical setting. In some cases cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the treatment of depression accompanying personality disorder. The authors insist that the analysis of personality in the dimensional aspect rather than in the categorical aspect gives more information in the research of personality influencing the treatment outcome of depression. In addition, the reason why we understand the relationship between depression and personality were discussed.
Cognitive Therapy ; Depression* ; Personality Disorders ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The effect of cognitive intervention in patients with dementia is inconsistent. This study sought to find out the effect of cognitive intervention by measuring interval change between before and after intervention. METHODS: We evaluated cognitive changes according to clinical diagnostic group across Gangwon province for 940 patients with dementia diagnosed at hospital clinics and 2,975 subjects without dementia. All subjects were treated with cognitive intervention. They underwent a cognitive and mood assessment before and after intervention. We used interval change of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores as a primary measure of interventional outcome. RESULTS: Changes in mean MMSE score were significantly different between the non-dementia group and the dementia group (p=0.016), with changes of 0.7±2.4 and 1.0±3.7 points (±standard deviation), respectively. Cognitive improvement regarding completion of session was significantly higher in the dementia group (p=0.001), with changes of 0.41±4.51 for uncompleted group and 1.30±3.22 points for completed ones. Lower initial MMSE scores, lower age, and type of intervention were found to be independent predictive factors of subsequent cognitive changes as indicated by mean MMSE scores. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cognitive intervention might be useful for patients with dementia. Their response to treatment might be related to the type of intervention.
Cognitive Therapy ; Dementia* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans

This study uses mind-control game training to intervene in patients with mild cognitive impairment to improve their cognitive function. In this study, electroencephalogram (EEG) data of 40 participants were collected before and after two training sessions. The continuous complexity of EEG signals was analyzed to assess the status of cognitive function and explore the effect of mind-control game training on the improvement of cognitive function. The results showed that after two training sessions, the continuous complexity of EEG signal of the subject increased (0.012 44 ± 0.000 29, < 0.05) and amplitude of curve fluctuation decreased gradually, indicating that with increase of training times, the continuous complexity increased significantly, the cognitive function of brain improved significantly and state was stable. The results of this paper may show that mind-control game training can improve the status of the brain cognitive function, which may provide support and help for the future intervention of cognitive dysfunction.
Brain ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; therapy ; Electroencephalography ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training and electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). METHODS: A total of 206 patients with PSCI were randomized into a needle retaining group (103 cases, 9 cases dropped out) and an electroacupuncture group (103 cases, 6 cases dropped out). In addition to the conventional basic medical treatment and the rehabilitation treatment, in the needle retaining group, electroacupuncture at Shenting (GV 24) and Baihui (GV 20) was applied, with continuous wave of 50 Hz in the first 15 min and with disperse-dense wave of 2 Hz/50 Hz in the last 15 min, the needles were continuously retained for 1 h after electroacupuncture, during which cognitive training was adopted; in the electroacupuncture group, cognitive training was performed after the same electric stimulation exerted for 30 min, without additional needles retaining. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week for totally 8 weeks in the two groups. Before and after 8-week treatment, the TCM syndrome score was observed; before and after 4,8-week treatment, the scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and ability of daily living were observed in the two groups. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 8-week treatment. RESULTS: After 8-week treatment, the TCM syndrome scores were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05); the TCM syndrome score in the needle retaining group was higher than that in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05).After 4,8-week treatment, the scores of MMSE, MoCA and ability of daily living were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05); MMSE, MoCA scores after 4,8-week treatment and ability of daily living score after 8-week treatment in the needle retaining group were higher than those in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 90.4% (85/94) in the needle retaining group, which was superior to 82.5% (80/97) in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training and electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training can effectively treat PSCI, improve the clinical symptom, cognitive function and ability of daily living in PSCI patients. Needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training has a better therapeutic effect.
Humans ; Electroacupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Cognitive Training ; Acupuncture Points ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy* ; Stroke/complications* ; Treatment Outcome