To investigate the attitude of personnel at public facilities toward cigarette smoking, a poll was taken at 27 municipal facilities, 14 schools, 15 nursery schools, and 10 post offices in Mizunami City. Questionnaires were distributed to a total of 936 employees, asking them whether they smoke and whether their workplaces are divided into smoking and nonsmoking areas.All the questionnaires were collected, with the names of facilities entered. Of the pollees, 20.0% was found smokers. At about 80% of the facilities surveyed, smoking was prohibited at offices and resting rooms for employees. As it turned out, nosmoking zones were limited to only 30% of public space utilized by citizens. At most of the nursery schools surveyed, smoking was banned, but in many schools, smoking was not prohibited in the resting rooms for the teaching and clerical staff. Post offices, compared to the other facilities surveyed, were too lax in regulating smoking. The survey also found that less than half of the facilities have a good knowledge of Article 25 of the Health Promotion Law.The findings of the latest survey were such that we deemed it necessary to conduct more positively a campaign against smoking in public facilities open to local residents.
Smoking ; Surveys ; cigarette smoking ; seconds ; Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This systematic and meta-analysis review aimed to provide an updated estimate of the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women, in geographic areas worldwide, and demonstrate a trend of the prevalence of smoking over time by using a cumulative meta-analysis. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. We searched PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Ovid from January 2010 to April 2020. The reference lists of the studies included in this review were also screened. Data were reviewed and extracted independently by two authors. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. Sources of heterogeneity among the studies were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women was 28% and 17%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in adolescent girls/students of the school, adult women, pregnant women, and women with the disease was 23%, 27%, 32%, and 38%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in the continents of Oceania, Asia, Europe, America, and Africa was 36%, 14%, 38%, 31%, and 32%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of cigarette smoking among women is very high, which is significant in all subgroups of adolescents, adults, and pregnant women. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement appropriate educational programs for them, especially in schools, to reduce the side effects and prevalence of smoking among women.
Cigarette Smoking/trends* ; Female ; Humans ; Prevalence

Introduction: Smoking amongst medical students is rather common practice. According to a WHO report in 1989, the rate of smoking among the students of Hanoi Medical University was 38.3%. However, there has not been any investigation aimed at reevaluating the smoking situation among students of this university.\r\n', u'Objectives: To understand the smoking situation and factors that influences the students of Hanoi Medical University. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: A questionnaire on tobacco use among youths, which was documented by the Institute of Global Tobacco Control, is used to collect the data. \r\n', u'Results: The smoking rate is 23.6%, (43.4% in men versus 1.3% in women). Average age of first use is about 19 years of age. Smoking trend increases across the age groups and academic years, while the intention of quitting cigarette decreases across age cohorts. 4 factors affecting smoking are belief, attitude to cigarette control, exposure to family and friends that smoke. The relationship between knowledge and smoking is not statistically significant. \r\n', u"Conclusion: Smoking among medical students in Hanoi Medical University is relatively prevalent. Early impaction is necessary to promote quitting cigarettes. Impact on knowledge is not enough; it also needs to focus on the surrounding environment of students through their family members and friends. Like direct interventions on the students' family and friends as both receivers and providers of intervention. Consolidating beliefs and attitudes to tobacco control also plays a critical part. \r\n", u'
Students ; medical students ; Hanoi Medical University ; Cigarette ; smoking cigarettes

BACKGROUND: Heated tobacco product (HTP) use has increased substantially between 2016 and 2017 in Japan. This study aims to clarify how HTP use (IQOS, Ploom, and glo) spread across the different combustible cigarette smoking statuses during 2015-16 and 2017-18 in Japan. METHODS: We compared the two periods of (i) 2015 to 2016 (N = 5,366) and (ii) 2017 to 2018 (N = 3,422) from a longitudinal study randomly sampling members from the Japan "Society and New Tobacco" Internet Survey (JASTIS). Multivariable logistic regression models for current HTP use in the previous 30 days by combustible cigarette smoking status in the previous year were used adjusting for socio-demographic factors. RESULTS: HTP use increased by 10 times in the 2017-18 cohort compared with the 2015-16 cohort according to the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for current HTP use as 10.2 (7.03-14.8). According to smoking status, significantly higher adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of current HTP use for the after period were observed: 2.60 (1.37-4.94) for never smokers, 7.82 (3.64-16.8) for former smokers, 21.1 (5.73-77.9) for current smokers with intention to quit, and 17.0 (9.58-30.3) for current smokers without intention to quit. CONCLUSION During 2015 to 2018 in Japan, HTP use dramatically increased in all subgroups except for never smokers.
Humans ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Longitudinal Studies ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco ; Cigarette Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To survey the cigarette smoking status and periodontal status, and to study the correlation between cigarette smoking and periodontal status. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed (including self-assessed periodontal status, such as bleeding while brushing teeth, oral odor, tooth loosening, gum swelling, etc.) and clinical periodontal examinations performed for parameters including probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), attachment loss (AL), plaque index (PLI) and amount of teeth loss, which was recorded in the population above 35 years of a community in Beijing. A total of 974 subjects were recruited in the study. The population was divided into current smokers and non-smokers, and the differences of self-assessed periodontal status and periodontal parameters between the groups analyzed. RESULTS: The smokers had significantly less bleeding during toothbrushing, and in the meantime, had significantly more self-reported tooth loosening compared with the non-smokers. The smokers brushed their teeth less than the non-smokers (P<0.05). The self-reported gum swelling and oral odor had no significant difference between the smokers and non-smokers. The smokers had 0.565 times and 1.572 times the risk of bleeding during toothbrushing, self-reported tooth loosening and from Logistic regression analyses, respectively (P<0.05). The mean PD, AL, PLI and the amount of tooth loss of the smokers were significant higher than the non-smokers (P<0.05). However, the mean BI of the smokers was slightly less than the non-smokers' (1.93±0.540 vs. 1.94±0.512, P=0.707). The smokers had 2.129 times, 1.698 times and 1.933 times the risk of the mean PD>3 mm, the mean AL>3 mm, and the amount of tooth loss above 8, respectively compared with the non-smokers (P<0.05) from Logistic regression analyses. CONCLUSION The self-assessed periodontal status is different between smokers and non-smokers in the population of a community in Beijing. Smokers have less bleeding during toothbrushing but no significant difference with BI. Smokers also have more self-reported tooth loosening. Compared with non-smokers, smokers have more severe periodontal destruction.
Adult ; Beijing ; Cigarette Smoking ; Dental Plaque Index ; Humans ; Periodontal Attachment Loss ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Humans ; Adult ; Cigarette Smoking/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Tobacco Products ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVES: Among relatively healthy Filipinos undergoing executive check-ups (periodic health examinations), the study aims 1.) To determine the correlation of hypertension and serum uric acid, 2.) To determine the association between serum uric acid and age, sex, obesity or relative weight, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, anti-hypertensive drug intake, cholesterol, and serum triglyceride, and 3.) To determine prevalence of hyperuricemia.

METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 2188 adult Filipinos undergoing executive medical check-ups in 6 major hospitals Results: Hyperuricemia was present in 37.9 percent (adjusted prevalence, 95 percentCI 36.0-39.9) (n=845). The mean uric acid was 0.38 mmol/L (95 percent CI 0.37-0.39). It was significantly associated with hypertension at adjusted Odds Ratio 1.27 (95 percent CI 1.05-1.53, p=0.013). The risk factors for hyperuricemia were age, male, weight, smoking, alcohol intake, hypertension, normoglycemia, triglycerides, and cholesterol. After adjustment in a step-wise logistic regression, the independent predictors identified were hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, age, males and non-diabetics.

CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension was significantly associated with hyperuricemia among adult Filipinos undergoing periodic health check-ups. The major predictors of elevated serum uric acid were hypertension, male sex, hypercholesterolemia, age and absence of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of hyperuricemia at 37.9 percent was much higher compared to a previous local study (21 percent) and prevalence studies from other countries (8.4-27.6 percent).

Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged 80 And Over ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Uric Acid ; Hyperuricemia ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Triglycerides ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Cigarette Smoking ; Obesity ; Body Weight ; Hypertension ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Smoking

INTRODUCTION: In the Philippines, lung, breast, colon-rectum, and oral cavity cancers are among the top 10 most common cancers. This study evaluates the risk factors for these cancers among Filipinos.

METHODS: This age-matched case-control study included incident primary cancers (histologically-diagnosed) of the lung, breast (also matched for sex), colon-rectum and oral cavity. Controls (clinically free and no history of cancer) were obtained from the same tertiary hospitals as the cases. Target sample size was 283 cases and 283 controls per cancer type. Conditional logistic regression was done.

RESULTS: Exposure to cigarette/tobacco was a significant risk factor for lung (OR of current smoker compared to non-smoker [95% Confidence Interval]: 3.6 [1.6-7.9]) and oral cavity cancers (2.0 [1.2-3.3]); family history (1st degree) for lung (4.3 [1.314.2]) and breast cancers (3.0 [1.2-7.5]); every year increase in age at first pregnancy for breast cancer (1.06 [1.02-1.11]). Other risk factors for oral cavity were passive smoking (2.8 [1.6-5.1]), chewing tobacco (5.2[1.4-19.5]) and inverted cigarette smoking (3.2[1.3-8.1]). Fish sauce (patis) was found to be a protective factor for breast cancer (0.34 [0.22-0.51]) and oral cavity (0.44 [0.25-0.78]) and use of shrimp paste (bagoong) (0.48 [0.27-0.84]) for oral cavity.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Except for family history of cancer, the identified risk factors for lung, colon-rectum, and oral cavity cancers are preventable. Proper diet and lifestyle, avoidance of cigarettes and tobacco, and environmental safety in the workplace are key cancer prevention measures. Public awareness campaign and continuing healthcare provider education must always be part of a cancer prevention program.

Pregnancy ; Tobacco ; Tobacco, Smokeless ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Cigarette Smoking ; Rectum ; Smokers ; Smoking ; Breast Cancer 3 ; Breast Neoplasms ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Health Personnel ; Colon

Objective: To explore the relations between the prevalence of multiple chronic diseases and cigarette smoking behavior in the Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the results: from the 2013 Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (NCD Surveillance), 176 534 Chinese residents aged 18 years and above, covering 298 counties (districts) in 31 provinces, was randomly recruited, using the multi-stage stratified clustering sampling method. Information on demographics, cigarette smoking (status, quantity and period) was obtained through face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. Anthropometric data and blood samples were collected and properly stored for analysis. Results In total, 175 386 adults were included for statistical analyses, with 42.7% as males and 57.3% as females. The prevalence rates of hypertension, high total cholesterol and high triglycerides were 30.4%, 7.2% and 18.0% in male smokers, 35.6%, 14.0%, 10.3% and 15.9% in female smokers respectively, which were all higher than those in the respective non-smokers. Male smokers were found under lower risk on hypertension, but 19% higher on total glycerides when compared with non-smokers of the same sex(OR=1.19, 95%CI:1.10-1.30), when multiple risk factors were under control. Male current smokers with more than 20 cigarettes per day have 41% (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.28-1.55) higher risk of high TG than non-smokers. Female smokers presented 40% (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.15-1.70) higher risk in high glycerides than the non-smokers. Specifically, women smoking longer than 20 years have 60% (OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.31-1.95) higher risk of high TG than women smoking less than 20 years. Conclusions: Prevalence rates of certain chronic diseases were seen higher in smokers of both genders. People with longer history of smoking or being heavier smokers, appeared at advanced risk on developing chronic diseases.
Adult ; Aged ; Asian People ; Chronic Disease/ethnology* ; Cigarette Smoking/ethnology* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Factors ; Smoking Cessation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cigarette Smoking ; Interleukin-17/genetics* ; Lung ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive