ObjectiveTo comprehend the change of the characteristics of lifting force produced by a working space marker in process of its cavity-forming. Methods37 patients were successively operated with the surgical mode of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (22/37 cases received a lobotomy and others un derwent a partial thyroidectomy) from January to August, 2010. Instead of hand-retraction, a mechanical armworking space marker type I ( WSM-I, MIEO Medinstr Co. Ltd, China) was applied to establish a working space. After pathway making, an interlayer-cavity above the lobe was created by the space maker and endoscopic view was properly built. Following all these steps, a simulated space making procedure was performed in a way of stepwise hook-lifting (5 mm rising per time). The lifting force ( LF)was measured during the process with a modflied force-measure device (FB-50, DESIK company, Germen). Then recorded data were assessed and analyzed statistically. Results①Ascending scope of LF in the process of entire space-forming was 0-27.5 Newton (N).②Along with hook rising, LF ascended correspondingly and 2 specific values emerged: One was 11. 2 ±3.5 N,as the lifting height approached 1.5 cm ( also a approximate position of essential space-forming ( Pe), at which themusculo-cutaneoustissuejustbecame tight) ; the other was 17.5 ± 4.3 N , as the lifting height approached 1.75 cm ( also a approximate position of maximal space-forming (Pmax), at which the musculo-cutaneous tissue appeared real tight, but not in a status of extreme tightness). ③Two types of LF ascending were found when the values transferred to a curve diagram : a palliative linearity increasing while lifting height varied from 0 to 1.5 cm (PO to Pe) and a rapid exponent-like increasing while lifting height varied from 1.5 to 1.75cm ( Pe to Pmax). ④ Dependability analyses yielded a diverse statistical outcome: negative significance of the comparison between incision length and LF value ( P ＞ 0. 05 ), and positive significance of the comparison between skin thickness and LF value ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions①LF produced by WSM-I while establishing a working space is proper and relatively small, since the maximal value is merely 27.5N, far less than the stress produced by ordinary cosmetic skin expansion. ②The whole space-forming process can be divided into 2 stages according to the characteristic of LF ascending which correspond also separately to the “essential cavity-forming” and “the maximum cavity-forming” in the real establishing of a working space. ③Attention should be paid to the later stage since in which a rapid LF increasing occurs while the appearance of musculo-cutaneous tissue changes from “just become tight” to “real appear tight”. ④LF control, especially the fine readjustment at or about Pmax should be of necessity in individual space-forming, and then, ideal working space establishment can be archived at a pre cisely balanced LF point: maximum cavity volume acquired and minimal tissue expansion stress produced.

Objective To comprehend spatial characteristics of the cavity created by a working space market.Methods 40 patients were successively operated according to the surgJical mode of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy from Jan.2010 to Aug.2010.Instead of hand-retraction.a mechanical arm-working space marker type I(WSM-I(R)，MIEO Medinstr Co.Ltd，China)，was applied to establish a working space.After the pathway making，a cavity above the gland was created and adjusted properly by the space maker，and then，endoscopic view was built and manipulation in the cavity was progressed throughout the later process.Geometric measurement of the cavity were performed at abasic space positionjust after the initial cavitation，and parameters such as length，width and height of the cavity were measured with a specifically scale-marked puncture needle(MC1820，Bard4(R)Max·Cor(R)Instrument)through mini-holes lay in the lifting hook(φ4mm，middle point and distant point).Results13 cases received a lobectomy and isthmectomy.The other 27 cases received a partial thyroidectomy.Dimensional parameters were calculated as below.①The basic length of cavity button was(4.35±0.39)cm.The basic width of cavity button(distance at central point)was(4.66±0.53)cm.The basic central height of cavity was( 1.36±0.34)cm.The maximal central height archived by readjusting was(1.66±0.32)cm and a height increase of0.3 cm can be achieved(22.1％).②The basic peripheral height was(0.98±0.29)cm.The maximal peripheral height archived by readjusting directionally was(1.33±0.14)cm and a height increase of 0.35 cm can be achieved(35.7％).③Statistic analysis yielded a negative correlation between the cavity volume and the size of the nodule.Conclusions The working space created by WSM-I appears to be an laigh and irregular trapezoid stock with oblique roof formed by lifting hook.Although vertical height，especially the peripheral height，is a major restrictive dimension，the cavity can still be usable and enough for factual observation and manipulation，due tocompensating effectof endoscope，finite space requirement of harmonica anddirectional volume shiftingof WSM.

objective To determine a proper fiducial photography distance setting for ideal amptitied endoscopic imaging of parathyroid gland by high definition endoscopy system.Methods 30 patients were operated with MIVAT mode (modified Miccoli's approach) for treatment of thyroid carcinoma from Apr.2013 to Mar.2014.High definition imaging was established by Image 1 Endoscopy System(Karl Storz Co.) to observe parathyroid gland and related fine anatomical structures during surgery.5 fiducial photography distances (1.0/1.5/2.0/2.5/3.0 cm) were separately tested during surgery.Maximally amplified parathyroid gland images of each setting were obtained by the approaching-amplifying photographic method,and then the size of the real parathyroid glands as well as their screen images were measured and recorded to calculate the magnification.A proper fiducial photography distance setting was determined postoperatively by comparison of the magnification times,as well as clarity,stability of the imaging and surgical maneuverability.Results ①90 parathyroid glands were successfully observed and measured.②At the longest fiducial photography distance (3.0 cm),the parathyroid gland could be stably magnified by 14.26±3.06(long trail)/12.62±2.88 (wide trail)times,but their contour and color not clear.③At the intermediate distance (2.5 cm),the parathyroid gland could be magnified by 16.74±3.15 (long trail)/14.81± 3.47(wide trail)times with the graphics stable,and the color and contour more clear,but the vascular pedicle and the tiny vessels under the capsule still blurred.④At the shortest distance (1.0 cm),the parathyroid gland could be magnified by 27.72±6.45 (long trail)/26.33±7.22(wide trail)times,not only the color and contour,but also the vascular pedicle and the tiny vessels under the capsule of the gland became further clearer,unfortunately the graphics was shimmy and unstable.Conclusions ①2.5 cm can be a proper fiducial photography distance for searching,identifying and preserving parathyroid gland in MIVAT,while 1.0 cm can be a special fiducial photography distance for further confirming parathyroid gland when necessary.② Current high definition endoscopy system can be applied to identify the parathyroid gland if fiducial photography distance was properly set and approachingamplifying photographic method was used.Along with the magnification of the imaging,the features of the parathyroid gland may become clearer,including its yellow-brown color and oval contour,as well as the detail structures such as the tiny vessels under the capsule and the vascular pedicle.

Hyperparathyroidism is an important complication of thyroid surgery.Identification is the premise of intraoperative pretection.At present,identification of the parathyroid gland relies on personal experience of surgeons.Amplifying display of endoscope or surgical magnifying glass,the use of dyeing agent such as methylene blue,nanocarbon,5-ALA or BB5-G1,the use of radionuclide imaging and contact endoscope,and biopsy like intraoperative frozen pathological examination and FNA are all important trials.This article is going to make a review of the methods.

Background: Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a widespread and highly infectious pathogen in cats with a high mortality rate. Although Yanji has a developed cat breeding industry, the variation of FPV locally is still unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to isolate and investigate the epidemiology of FPV in Yanji between 2021 and 2022. Methods: A strain of FPV was isolated from F81 cells. Cats suspected of FPV infection (n = 80) between 2021 and 2022 from Yanji were enrolled in this study. The capsid protein 2 (VP2) of FPV was amplified. It was cloned into the pMD-19T vector and transformed into a competent Escherichia coli strain. The positive colonies were analyzed via VP2 Sanger sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis based on a VP2 coding sequence was performed to identify the genetic relationships between the strains. Results: An FPV strain named YBYJ-1 was successfully isolated. The virus diameter was approximately 20–24 nm, 50% tissue culture infectious dose = 1 × 10 −4.94 /mL, which caused cytopathic effect in F81 cells. The epidemiological survey from 2021 to 2022 showed that 27 of the 80 samples were FPV-positive. Additionally, three strains positive for CPV-2c were unexpectedly found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the 27 FPV strains belonged to the same group, and no mutations were found in the critical amino acids. Conclusions A local FPV strain named YBYJ-1 was successfully isolated. There was no critical mutation in FPV in Yanji, but some cases with CPV-2c infected cats were identified.