Objective To evaluate the possible roles of IL-18 in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Serum IL-18 level was measured using ELISA, and serum HBV DNA content was detected by FQ-PCR. Results There was significant difference in serum IL-18 level between the fulminant hepatitis patients and chronic hepatitis patients or normal controls (P

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by inflammatory demyelinating lesions and axonal degeneration in optic nerve and spinal cord. It has high relapse rate and high disability rate. In recent years, as the studies on mechanisms of NMOSD, related immune therapy strategies have been developed rapidly. These immunologic interventions are collectively called the disease modifying therapy, which are helpful in improving the course and outcome of the disease. In this review, the latest treatment progress in NMOSD is summarized to guide clinical choice and application of the medication.

Objective To study the effect of Bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) on hemodynamics in patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined coronary heart disease.Methods One hundred patients with COPD combined coronary heart disease treated by BiPAP ventilation were enrolled.The blood gas analysis and the hemodynamics were monitored and analyzed in patients with the COPD combined coronary heart disease before treatment and after BiPAP ventilation treatment for 2 hours,24 hours,72 hours and 1 week.Results PaCO2 decreased significantly after 2-hour's treatment by BiPAP ventilation( P ＜ 0.05) and the heart rate and systolic blood pressure also decreased significantly after 24-hour's treatment by BiPAP ventilation.The left ventricurlar ejection fraction( [ 65.63 ± 6.86 ] ％ vs.[ 56.21 ±5.26]％,P ＜ 0.05 )was significantly improved after BiPAP reatilation treatment for one week.The mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( [ 3.74 ± 0.96 ] vs [ 5.12 ± 1.12 ] kPa,P ＜ 0.01 ),angina pectoris ( [ 0.20 ± 0.01 ]time/d vs [ 0.69 ± 0.03 ] time/d,P ＜ 0.05 ) were significantly decreased.Conclusion COPD combined coronary heart disease patients may achieve an optimal effect by BiPAP ventilation.BiPAP ventilation has no impact on the hemodynamics in patients with the COPD combined coronary heart disease.

Objective To analyze the CT findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC)in patients without HIV infection.Methods CT data of 26 patients with PC proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.All cases underwent plain CT scan,8 of whom underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan.Results 26 patients (17 male and 9 female),single lesion on CT was found in 11 cases,multiple nodules or masses in 10 cases,and mixed-type lesions in 5 cases.The lesion was located in left lung in 1 1 cases,in right lung in 7 cases and bilateral lungs in 8 cases.The lesions with burr sign were found in 1 9 cases,with cavities or vacuoles in 10 cases,and with halo sign in 8 cases.Enhanced CT showed marked heterogeneity in 1 case,moderate heterogeneity in 2 cases,slight enhancement in 3 cases and nonenhancement in 2 cases.Conclusion Lesions of PC with various CT findings are easy to be misdiagnosed as lung carcinoma or other lesions.CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy is an effective method for diagnosis.

Objective To establish a malignant pleural effusion model of Lewis lung cancer in C57BL/6 mice based on Micro Echo technology. Methods Single tumor cell suspension of Lewis lung cancer was injected into thoracic cavity.The pleural effusion was detected by Micro Echo technology.The volumes of effusion were quantified and the tumor cells were counted.Results After implanted of tumor cell, malignant pleural effusion can be detected by Micro Echo technology and observed after autopsy.Chemotherapy drugs such as Cyclophosphamide and Cisplatin can decrease the effusion volumes.Conclusion Pleural effusion model of Lewis lung cancer based on Micro Echo technology can be used to evaluate the efficacy of antitumor drugs.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis through the method of system evaluation. Methods A computer-based online search of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang were used for database retrieval. Revman 5.0 was used to assess the bias of the included studies. The Stata 14.0 was used to evaluate the extraction indexes of efficacy, p (O2), p (CO2), DLco, FEV1 and VC. GRADE score was used to evaluate the level of evidence. Results A total of 17 articles (related with 1381 patients) were included in this study, including 14 studies using ARB and 3 studies using ACEI. Compared with the control group ACEI and ARB drugs showed advantages in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis (RR=1.34, 95%CI:1.24-1.44, Z=7.81, P<0.001). Auxiliary index analysis showed that the test groups were treated with enalapril (SMD=0.72, 95%CI:0.21-1.22, Z=2.77, P=0.006), telmisartan (SMD=3.86, 95%CI:2.44-5.27, Z=5.35, P<0.001), valsartan (SMD=1.94, 95%CI:1.33-2.55, Z=6.27, P<0.001) and captopril (SMD=0.60, 95%CI:0.11-1.09, Z=2.41, P=0.016), the p(O2) levels were significantly improved in patients ≥65 years old (SMD=0.76, 95%CI:0.52-1.00, Z=6.18, P<0.001) and patients < 65 years old (SMD=3.97, 95%CI:2.61-5.32, Z=5.73, P<0.001), and disease duration≥5 years (SMD=1.39, 95%CI:0.45-2.33, Z=2.89, P=0.004) and disease duration<5 years (SMD=3.26, 95%CI:2.06-4.46, Z=5.34, P<0.001) compared with those of control group (SMD=2.95, 95%CI:1.95-3.94, Z=5.82, P<0.001). The curative effect of telmisartan was better than that of other drug groups (P < 0.001), and which was much better for patients under 65 years old (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the disease duration between two groups (P=0.307). The p (CO2) levels were significantly improved in patients treated with telmisartan [SMD=-12.94,95%CI:(-14.01)-(-11.86),Z=23.51,P<0.001), valsartan [SMD=-1.95,95%CI:(-2.56)-(-1.34),Z=6.29,P<0.001] compared with those of control group [SMD=-11.13,95%CI:(-17.03)-(-5.24),Z=3.70,P<0.001]. The effect of telmisartan was better than that of valsartan (P<0.001). In addition, values of DLco (SMD=0.64, 95%CI:0.45-0.83, Z=6.72, P<0.001), FEV1 (SMD=1.19, 95%CI:0.52-1.86, Z=3.47, P<0.001) and VC (SMD=0.51, 95%CI:0.16-0.85, Z=2.85, P=0.004) were improved in test group compare with those of control group. And the GRADE scores of relevant indexes were low quality to moderate quality. Conclusion ACEI and ARB can improve the efficacy, the p (O2) and p (CO2) in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Patients with age<65 years old and treated with telmisartan have the best curative effect, and which is not related to the disease duration.

Objective: To detect methylation status of p16 CDKN2A exon 1 during experimental carcinogenesis in rats. Methods:Thirty male clean SD rats were fed with 0.02 g/L of 4-nitroquinoline-oxide (4NQO) in drinking water.13, 16 and 24 weeks after experiment the normal, moderate-severe dysplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma tissues were removed from their tongues respectively; then the methylation status of p16 CDKN2A exon 1 were detected by methylation-specific PCR(MSP). Results:A 123 bp-unmethylated product was amplified in all samples but the methylated product was not detected in any of the samples. Conclusion: The p16 CDKN2A exon 1 appeares to be unmethylated during carcinogenesis of tongue cancer in experimental rats.

Objective Study the diagnostic value of CT to assess the transfer of right recurrent nerve nodes(RRNN) on the thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma,so as to provide reference for thoracic segment esophageal surgery way.Methods A retrospective analysis from January 2011 to February 2014 in the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university at the records of 132 cases of thoracic segment esophageal thoracic surgery with preoperative CT image data,recorded each patient's right recurrent nerve nodes in the largest length to diameter and the average CT number,and compared with postoperative pathologic results.Results With the ROC curve analysis,considering transfer when the length of RRNN' s diameter 8.5 mm or more in CT,the area under the curve is 0.911,the sensitivity is 85.7％,specificity is 78.8％.Considering transfer when the RRNN average CT number acuity 32.50 HU,the area under the curve is 0.815,the sensitivity is 85.7％,specificity is 76.9％.Whether RRNN transfer has significant correlation(P ＜ 0.05) with the length of tumor,tumor location and whether lymph node of other station transfer,doesn' t have significant correlation (P ＞ 0.05)with patients'age,sex,tumor differentiation degree and the T stage.Conclusion When the RRNN length to diameter 8.5 mm or RRNN average CT numberr acuity 32.50 HU,right recurrent nerve nodes should be considered lymph node metastasis,and choose chest conclusion laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.The upper thoracic portion esophageal tumor's length is 5 cm or more,or clinical suspected lymph node metastasis of other station is the risk factor for metastasis of RRNN.

Objective To detect the mutations of COL7A1 gene in three cases of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (DEBP). Methods Clinical data were collected from 3 patients with DEBP. Skin lesions were obtained from these patients and subjected to transmission electron microscopy. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the 3 patients, their 16 relatives, and 150 unrelated normal human controls, and PCR was performed to amplify all the exons and flanking sequences of COL7A1 gene followed by sequencing.Results The patient 1 and 2 had family history, whereas the case 3 was sporadic. Transmission electron microscopy showed tissue cleavage beneath lamina densa in case 1 and slightly decreased anchoring fibrils in some areas of the lesions in case 1 and 3. Three heterozygous mutations of COL7A1 gene, i.e., c. G6734T, c.G6859A and c. G5318T, which leaded to three amino acid mutations, i.e., p. G2245V, p. G1773V and p. G2287R, were found in patient 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Of them, p. G2245V and p. G1773V were novel mutations. The mutations strictly cosegregated with the phenotype in the patients of family 1 and 2. No mutation was detected in the unaffected parents of patient 3 or the 150 unrelated healthy controls. Conclusions The p. G2245V, p. G2287Rand p. G1773V mutations of COL7A1 gene may be responsible for the phenotype of DEBP in the three cases,and of them, p. G2245V and p. G1773V have never been reported.

Objective To establish HPLC determination method and impurity profile of the related substances in metronidazole.Methods A Welch Ultimate(R)XB-C1s (4.6 mm× 250 mm,5 μm)was used with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-1.36 g· L-1 solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (20∶ 80).The detection wavelength was 315 nm and the flow rate was 1 mL· min-1.Its related substances were determined by principal component self-contrast method.Results Good separation of metronidazole and the impurities could be achieved.Twenty batches of samples in the past six years were determined which meet quality standards.The study of impurity profiles could effectively monitor the synthetic process and the change of impurities in metronidazole.Conclusion The method is simple,quick and sensitive,which can be used to control the related substances in metronidazole.Meanwhile,the impurity profiles ensure the quality stability of metronidazole.