Objective To identify the arteriographic manifestations of emergency uterine artery angiography and the efficacy of embolization treatment of postcesarean massive hemorrhage caused by placenta previa.Methods Emergency uterine artery angiogra-phy was performed in 35 patients with massive hemorrhage after cesarean section due to placenta previa.Emergency uterine arterial embolization (EUAE)was conducted using embolic agents such as tricacryl gelatin microsphere (TAGM)and gelatin sponge.Arte-riographic manifestations and effect of the emolotherapy were analyzed retrospectively.Results Contrast extravasations were con-firmed in 27 patients,and uterine artery pseudoaneurysms were in 8.The hemorrhage completely stopped after embolotherapy in all patients.A 12 month follow-up showed no recurrence hemorrhage and any severe complications were observed in all patients,such as necrosis of the uterus and ovary.Conclusion EUAE can be used as a safe,effective and minimally invasive therapeutic option for postcesarean massive hemorrhage caused by placenta previa.It is the key for the success of embolotherapy to choice and use reasona-ble embolic agents.

AIM: To observe the effects of valsartan on the cardiac hypertrophy and the expression of PTEN in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Twenty 12-week-old male SHR were randomly divided into 2 groups:SHR positive control group and valsartan treating group ( 30 mg?kg -1?d -1). 10 homogenous Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were served as normal control group. Blood pressure and the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight(LVW/BW)of rats were monitored periodically during the 8-weeks studies. Expression of PTEN in cardiac myocytes was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Blood pressure and LVW/BW increased in the valsartan group more than those in the SHR control group, and the expression of PTEN in cardiac myocytes in valsartan group increased more than that in the SHR control group, but the indexes were lower than those in the WKY group. CONCLUSION: Valsartan can not only inhibit the progression of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but also increase the expression of PTEN. PTEN may play a role in cardiac hypertrophy.

Objective To investigate correlations between nursing students’discrimination on psychopaths and exposure to them.Method One hundred and twenty-one nursing students were involved in the investigation by a general information questionnaire,a discrimination against mental patients scale(DAMPS)and an exposure to mental patients scale(FLS).Results The total mean score on discrimination,scores on isolation dimension and scores on capability were all significantly lower than the norms(all P<0.01).Negative correlation was observed between nursing students’discrimination against patients and exposure to patients(r=-0.31,P<0.05). Conclusion Measures should be taken to encourage nurses to understand patients so as to alleviate their discrimination.

With redox-sensitive fluorescene probes DCFH-DA and DHR123, the formation of cytosolic and intramitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside immature rat cerebellar granule cells during the apoptosis induced by nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-pennicillamine (SNAP) was monitored by laser confocal scanning microscopy. The cytosolic and intramitochondrial ROS increase significantly after 0.5 mmol/L SNAP treatment for 1 h. Pre-treatment with the nitric oxide scavenger hemoglobin can effectively inhibit the formation of cytosolic and intrarnitochondrial ROS and protect neurons from apoptosis. Adding glutathione can also protect neurons from apoptosis, and the cytotoxity of nitric oxide increases significantly while the synthesis of glutathione is inhibited. The results indicated that ROS might be involved in NO-induced apoptosis in neural cells and glutathione might be the endogenesis antioxidant to protect neurons from oxidative injury.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of alcohol exposure during pregnancy on learning and memory and content of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) in the hippocampus of infant rats.MethodsThe animal models of alcohol exposure during pregnancy were made,and the learning and memory were evaluated by Y-maze in adult offspring.Content of H2S and activity of cystathionine-beta-synthase(GBS) in the hippocampus of the brain were evaluated with spectrophotometry;and CBS protein expression in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe learning and memory ( (43.00 ± 15.33 ) times) of alcohol exposure during pregnancy group was significantly decreased compared with that of control and drinking groups (( 25.13 ± 12.35 )times and (26.12 ±11.95 ) times,P ＜ 0.05 ) ; spectrophotometry results showed that the content of H2S ( ( 30.32 ± 5.84 ) nmoL/g) of alcohol exposure during pregnancy group was significantly increased compared with that of control ( ( 52.51 ±7.85 ) nmol/g) and drinking groups( (49.93 ± 4.29 ) nmol/g),and the activity of CBS( ( 55.13 ± 4.45 ) nmol/g)of alcohol exposure during pregnancy group was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01 ) compared with that of control ( (71.06 ± 5.58 ) nmol/g) and drinking groups( (69.96 ± 6.13 ) nmol/g) ; immunohistochemistry showed that the expressionof CBSproteinofalcoholexposureduringpregnancygroupwassignificantlyincreased.ConclusionThe damage effect of alcohol exposure during pregnancy on nerve system of infant rats may interrelate with down-regulation of H2S/CBS in the hippocampus.

The effect and mechanism of α-lipoic acid(ALA)on the injury of kidneys in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin were investigated.Results showed that ALA decreased the level of oxidative stress,the production of advanced glycation end products(AGE)[(0.087±0.003 vs 0.103 4±0.014)pg/mg protein,P<0.05],and the expression of AGE receptor protein(1.8I±0.04 vs 2.67±0.01,P<0.01)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)mRNA(1.51 4±0.20 vs 2.04±0.08,P<0.05)in renal cortex of diabetie rats,resulting in reduced kidney injury and improved renal function in diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND: Vascular restenosis alter carotid endarteractomy (CEA) is an important factor affecting curative affect ofoperation.OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA dynamic expression in the development of early vascular restenosis after carotid endarterectomy.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A random grouping contrast observation was completed in the General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February 2006 to December 2007. MATERIALS: Forty-one healthy male New Zealand rabbit, weighing about 3.0 kg, with 36 ones used for preparing carotid atherosclerotic stenosis (CASS) models. experimental group, each 6 of the CASS rabbit models (n =36) were selected at the time points of hour 4, day 1, 3, 7, 30, and 90 following CEA respectively. Then they were fixed with 40 g/L polyoxymethylene perfusion and stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe their morphologic changes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression changes of MMP-9 mRNA were observed dudng the development of early vascular restenosis by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique preoperatively as well as at day 1, 3 and 7 following CEA.RESULTS: Several stages could be seen in the reparative process of neointima after CEA, including the thrombosis, the inflammatory reaction, the repair of endothelium, the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle call, the formation and accumulation of extracellular matrix. MMP-9 mRNA was expressed since day 1, reached a peak at day 3 and then decreased significantly at day 7 postoperatively.CONCLUSION: MMP-9 plays an important role in the proliferation, migration and reconstruction of vascular smooth muscle calls, the mediated reconstruction of local blood vessels, as well as the development of vascular restenosis.

ObjectiveTo study the levels of Tau protein and β amyloid protein(Aβ) in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and their significance of diagnosis. MethodsSensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were performed to detect the CSF levels of Tau protein and Aβ in 32 patients with MCI and 15 healthy controls. ResultsSignificant elevation of the level of Tau protein and decrease of the level of the Aβ were observed in patients with MCI compared with healthy controls.ConclusionThe assays of the CSF Tau and Aβprotein levels can provide valuable biological marker for the diagnoses and treatment of MCI.

Objective To investigate the risk factors related with chronic stuttering of children lasting more than 6 months.MethodsThe data of 109 children of 2～10 years old with chronic stuttering lasting more than 6 months and 68 children with developmental stuttering lasting less than 6 months were analyzed.ResultsThe minor symptom and escape behavior in the stuttering children group were significantly more than children in the control group. The risk factors related with chronic stuttering showed by Logistic regression analysis were as follows: care about their stuttering, not professional advice and training, the attitude of parents on stuttering, family history, incorrect rectifying methods, few family members, improper family bring-up environment.ConclusionChildren with minor symptom and escape behavior concurrent with stuttering, care about their stuttering and with family record, are susceptible to chronic stuttering. Following factors are found important to chronic stuttering: professional advice and training, the attitude of parents to stuttering, methods of parents correcting stuttering, number of family members, bring-up environment of family.

AIM:To explore the change of antithrombin Ⅲ( AT-Ⅲ) in the patients with atherosclerotic cere-bral infarction .METHODS:Chromogenic substrate assay was used to measure the activity of AT-Ⅲ in 55 patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and 55 healthy controls , and the correlation analysis was applied to determine the AT-Ⅲactivity with the severity of damage in central nervous system and general biochemical parameters .The levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the plasma were detected by ELISA .Immunocomplex in the plasma was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The number and phenotype of the monocytes in peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry .ELISA was also applied to determine the secretion of TNF-αand IL-6 from the monocytes after the stimulation of immunocomplex .The expression of AT-Ⅲin human brain vascular endothelial cells after the stimulation of TNF-αand IL-6 was observed by Western blotting . RESULTS:The activity of AT-Ⅲsignificantly decreased in the patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction , and nega-tively correlated with the damage degree of nervous system function , systolic pressure , diastolic pressure , glucose , choles-terol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and homocysteine , while positively correlated with high-density lipo-protein.In addition, the plasma levels of TNF-αand IL-6 increased significantly , accompanied with the enhancement of immunocomplex level .The numbers of CD14 + CD16 + and CD14 + CD32 + monocytes in peripheral blood were not changed , while CD14 +CD64 +monocytes increased obviously .The secretion of TNF-αand IL-6 by monocytes were signifi-cantly enhanced after stimulated with immunocomplex , while the protein expression of AT-Ⅲ in the human brain vascular endothelial cells was down-regulated after co-incubated with TNF-αor IL-6.CONCLUSION:Decreased AT-Ⅲactivity in the patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction is one of the risk factors of cerebral infarction , and related with the dis-ease severity .The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through immunocomplex from CD 14 +CD64 +monocytes may be involved in the mechanism .Improvement of AT-Ⅲactivity may protect against cerebral ischemia .