Objective To study the protective effect of Cordyceps composite nutrient solution on hydrogen peroxide-induced PC12 cell injury.Methods P12 cells were divided into negative control group,model group,low-dose group(1%Cordyceps complex nutrient solution),middle dose group(3% Cordyceps complex nutrient solution)and high-dose group(5%Cordyceps complex nutrient solution).After 24 h cultured,except the negative control group,other groups were added H2 O2 and cultured for another 24h.Cell viability,LDH activity and NO were compared in each group. Results Survival rate in model group was(62.8 ±4.2)%,the survival rate of the negative control group was(100.0 ±1.7)%,the survival rate in the model group was significantly lower than that in negative control group(P<0.01 ),and cell viability increased significantly in composite nutrient solution group compared with model group(P<0.01).Cellular LDH levels and NO content in the model group and negative control group were significantly higher than that in negative control group(P<0.01),which decreased significantly when added cordyclps composite nutrient solution(P<0.01).Conclusion Cordyceps composite nutrient solution shows protective effect on hydrogen peroxide in PC12 cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of venturi oxygen therapy heated humidify system and closed endotracheal suctioning method for non-mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy patients with severe brain trauma.Methods The patients who met the experimental criterion were divided into the experimental group and the control group based on the admission date with 50 cases in each group.The experimental group was given venturi oxygen therapy heated humidify system and closed suction method,and the control group was treated with open endotracheal suctioning and continuous wet micro-injection pump method for artificial airway care.The humidification effect,sputum formation and the effect of oxygen therapy were compared between the two groups on the first day,third day and seventh day after the intervention.Results On the third and the seventh day,the humidifying effect and the effect of oxygen therapy in the experimental group were better than control group.The cases of sputum formation in the experimental group were less than the control group.They were statistically significant.Conclusions Combination of venturi oxygen therapy heated humidify system and closed endotracheal suctioning method can effectively reduce the sputum formation of non-mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy patients with severe brain trauma,it also can improve the effect of humidification and oxygen therapy,to improve ventilation,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the application and effect of modified-type nasojejunal tube of early enteral nutrition in severe traumatic brain injury patients. Methods 60 sever brain injury patients were collected in the neurosurgery ward of our hospital. The patients were divided into control group and trial group by random number table. The patients in control group were treated with normal spiral nasojejunal tube, and the patients in trail group were given modified-type nasojejunal tube. The study mainly researched the success rate of intubation, the operation time of two groups, the recovery time of gastropareaia and so on. Results The success rate of intubation of experimental group was 93.3%(28/30) which was significantly higher than 73.3% (22/30) in the control group (χ2=4.320, P<0.05). The operation time of two groups were (22.67±1.77) minutes and (28.90±3.39) minutes. The operation time of two groups had significant difference (t=8.936, P<0.05).The recovery time of gastropareaia of two groups were (17.37 ± 8.29) days and (21.60 ± 7.82) days. The recovery time of gastropareaia of two groups had significant difference between two groups (t=2.035, P<0.05). There was no satistically significant difference of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between two groups (P>0.05). The satisfaction of patient or family of experimental group was 93.3%(28/30) which was significantly higher than 60.0%(18/30) of the control group (χ2=9.317, P<0.05). Conclusions The modified-type nasojejunal tube was conducive to improve the success rate of intubation. The symptoms of gastroparesis were recovered early. The modified-type nasojejunal tube was easy operation, suitable for beginners and young nurses. The satisfaction of patient or family was higher.

Objective To investigate the expression level of nuclear factor-kappa(NF-κB),substance P(SP)and aquaporin 4(AQP4)gene and the change of discharge frequency of pain sensitive neurons (PSN)in the ventral posteriolateral thalamic nucleus(VPL)of acute gout(AG)rats.The neuro-genic inflammation of AG was explored.Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into two groups:the control group and the AG group. According to the time interval after injection of monosodiumurate(MSU)into the the unilateral ankle joint,the AG group was subdivided into seven groups,ie.0.5 hours group,2 hours group,6 hours group,12 hours group,24 hours group,48 hours group and 72 hours group.There were 6 rats in each group.After recording of the discharge frequency of PSN in rats VPL nucleus,the expression level of NF-κB,SP and AQP4 gene in the rats joint synovium were evaluated at mRNA level by PCR in above mentioned time.Results In the 0.5 hours group,the discharge frequency of PSN in the rats VPL nueleus and the expression level of SP gene in the rats joint synovium had increased immediately after the injection of MSU(P＜0.05).In the 6 hours group,they reached the peak level(P＜0.05),and in the 12 hours group,they began to decrease gradually(P＜0.05).In the 0.5 hours group,the expression level of NF-κB and AQP4 gene increased after the injection of MSU(P＜0.05).However,their peak level presented at the 12 hours(P＜0.05),and they decreaged after 24 hours(P＜0.05).The statistical analysis of correlation had shown that there were positive correlation among the expression level of NF-κB,substance P.AQP4 gene and the change of discharge frequency of PSN in the rats VPL nucleus.Conclusion The discharge frequency of PSN in the rats VPL and the expression level of SP gene in the rats ioint synovium can be used to evaluate the Severity of pain in the AG rats.The expression level of NF-κB and SP gene can reflect the severity of neurogenic intlammation.We can know the severity of edema of the joint synovium by detecting the expression level of AQP4 gene.Pain and neurogenic inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of AG.Combingelectrophysiology and biochemical technique can shade light on the pathogenesis of AG from different aspects.In the meantime,it may provide a new method for developing new drugs and new approaches for clinical treatment.

Objective: To study electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring assisted ultrasound guidance for modiifed seldinger technique (MST) in peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) and to estimate the accuracy of ECG for presenting catheter tip location. Methods: The patients were connected with ECG monitoring system, the guide wire was connected to RA electrode in ECG monitor for leading out P wave of intracavitary ECG. The location of catheter tip was estimated by P wave characteristics and then, estimated ECG result was further compared with chest X-ray presented catheter tip position. The coherence of catheter tip position between ECG and chest X-ray was compared, the sensitivity and speciifcity of ECG estimation were calculated. Results: There were 100/104 patients showed speciifc P wave in ECG, the coherence to chest X-ray was 96.2%; 4 patients had no speciifc P wave and their chest X-ray presented that the catheter tip position at upper superior vena cava in 2 patients, at lower superior vena cava in 1 patient, at contralateral brachiocephalic vein in 1 patient. The accuracy of 2 methods had no statistic meaning. ECG estimation for PICC catheter tip position had the sensitivity at 99% and speciifcity at 100%. Conclusion: ECG monitoring may determine the catheter tip position for MST in PICC guided by ultrasound. It doesn’t need chest X-ray, without additional trauma and no radioactive contamination, which make PICC catheters get more extensive application in clinical practice.

Objective To discuss the effect of Cordyceps sinensis liquid on Diabetic Nephropathy renal tubular epithelial cell transdifferentiation.Methods Diabetic Nephropathy renal tubular epithelial cells were treated with different dose of Cordyceps sinensis liquid and high glucose,and divided into five groups.Control group was added 5.5 mmol/L D-glucose,High glucose group was added 30 mmol/L D-glucose, Experimental group 1 was added 30 mmol/L D-glucose and 5μg/mL Cordyceps sinensis liquid,Experimental group 2 was added 30 mmol/L D-glucose and 10 μg/mL Cordyceps sinensis liquid,Experimental group 3 was added 30 mmol/L D-glucose and 20 μg/mL Cordyceps sinensis liquid.The expression of E-cadherin protein,FN protein,α-SMA protein and ILK protein in each group were detected by western blot. Results Compared with control group,the expression of E-cadherin protein in high glucose was decreased significantly(P<0.01),and with the addition of Cordyceps bacteria increases,E-cadherin protein expression in three Experiment group were gradually increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the expression ofα-SMA protein and FN protein in High glucose group were increased significantly (P <0.01 ),and both two protein in Experiment group 2 and Experiment 3 were significantly lower than High glucose group(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the expression of ILK protein in high glucose group was significantly higher(P<0.01 ),and its expression in Experiment group 3 was significantly lower than High glucose group (P<0.01 ). Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis liquid can inhibit diabetic nephropathy renal tubular epithelial cell translating into myofibroblast,then inhibit renal tubule interstitial fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperuricemia (HUA) on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in myocardial tissue,Mn superoxide dismutases (Mn-SOD) activity in mitochondria,cardiac function of rats with HUA.Methods Sixty SD male rats,including 30 young rats and 30 aged rats,were randomly divided into four groups:the young control group,the young HUA group,the aged control group and the aged HUA group.Fifteen rats were in each group.The HUA rat models were set up by lavage method with yeast extract and ethambutol.Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and left ventricular pressure at the end of the rising and falling maximum velocity (+dp/dtmax) were determined by intubation in the left ventricle with cardiac catheter.Mn-SOD activity in the mitochondria of rat myocardial tissue was detected by chemical colorimetry.The expressions of NF-κB in rats myocardial tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Differences between groups were analyzed with One way analysis of variance,Student-Newman-Keuls q test was used to compare the mean of multiple samples.Results Hyperuricemia had no significant effect on the cardiac function of HUA groups (P＞0.05).But the gene and protein expression of NF-κB in myocardial tissue and Mn-SOD activity of mitochondria were impacted by HUA.Both the gene and protein expression of NF-κB and the activity of Mn-SOD in HUA groups were increased (F=85.428 4,120.683 0 and 398.228 3,P＜0.01).Furthermore,the increase of gene and protein expression of NF-κB and the Mn-SOD activity in rats myocardial tissue of young HUA group were higher than those in aged HUA group (q=6.818 6,10.693 6 and 18.877 9,P＜0.05).Conclusion Hyperuricemia may cause inflammation and increase oxygen free radicals in myocardial tissue on one hand,and it may reduce inflammation and protect the myocardial tissue by increasing the activity of Mn-SOD in myocardial mitochondria of HUA rats,and removing the oxygen free radicals on the other hand.The response to uric acid in young HUA group is stronger than that in the aged HUA group.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of hemorrhagic transformation in non-thrombolysis patients after acute cerebral infarction. Methods According to Chengdu Stroke Registry Project,2598 consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology,West China Hospital within 1 week of attack from January 2010 to December 2013 were enrolled prospectively. The patients were divided into a hemorrhagic transformation group and a non-hemorrhagic transformation group according to whether they had hemorrhagic transformation or not. As for patients with hemorrhagic transformation,they were divided into a symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (SHT)group and an asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (ASHT)group according to whether they had aggravation of symptom and sign. The baseline data of all patients were collected and compared between the groups. The P<0. 1 variables of the univariate analysis result were enrolled in multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to identify the independent influencing factor of hemorrhagic transformation. Results In 2598 patients,249 (9. 6%)had hemorrhagic transformation,28 of them (1. 1%)were SHT and 221 (8. 5%)were ASHT. There were significant differences in male,hypertension,dyslipidemia,atrial fibrillation,drinking and smoking ratio,blood glucose,cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NHISS)scores,and the trial of Org 1072 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST)classification between the HT group and the non-HT group (all P<0. 05). There were no significant difference in the related influencing factors between the SHT group and the ASHT group (all P>0. 05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that dyslipidemia (OR,0. 588, 95%CI 0. 374-0. 924,P=0. 021)was negatively correlated with hemorrhagic transformation. Atrial fibrillation (OR,3. 188,95%CI 2. 159-4. 707,P<0. 001),blood glucose (OR,1. 081,95%CI 1. 044-1. 119,P<0.001),and NHISS score (OR,1. 305,95%CI 1. 170-1. 455,P<0. 001)were positively correlated with hemorrhagic transformation. In TOAST classification,relative to the large atherosclerotic stroke,the small artery occlusive cerebral infarction was negatively correlated with hemorrhagic transformation (OR,0. 315, 95%CI 0. 167-0. 596,P<0. 001). After removing the influencing factor of atrial fibrillation,compared with the large artery atherosclerotic stroke,cardioembolism stroke was positively correlated with hemorrhagic transformation (OR,2. 823,95%CI 1. 946-4. 095,P<0. 001). Conclusion Dyslipidemia,atrial fibrillation,blood glucose,NHISS score and TOAST classification were independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation in non-thrombolysis patients after acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To explore the relationship among the sense of coherence,empowerment and self-efficacy in peritoneal dialysis patients.Methods General information,the Sense of Coherence Scale,the Peritoneal Dialysis Empowerent Scale-Short Form and the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale were used to investigate a total of 160 peritoneal dialysis patients in a third-class hospital in Tianjin from March to June,2015.Results The mean score of the sense of coherence,empowerment,self-efficacy were (62.01±11.94) points,(4.09±0.68) points and (6.08±2.19) points.Both the sense of coherence and empowerment could positively influence the self-efficacy of peritoneal dialysis patients directly (r=0.429-0.571,P ＜ 0.01),and the sense of coherence could also indirectly influence the self-efficacy through the mediation of empowerment (β decreased from 0.429 to 0.172,P ＜ 0.01),the mediation effect accounted for 60.1％ of the total effect.Conclusions Medical staff should take different actions to improve the sense of coherence and empowerment to improve the self-efficacy of peritoneal dialysis patients.

Objective To review advance of gabapentin in treatment of refractory chronic cough, and to provide evidence for its clinical usage and further study.The original articles referring to gabapentin’ s effect on sensory neuropathy such as refractory chronic cough, which were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Medical Network, as well as PubMed over the last 15 years, were reviewed.The safety, efficacy and its mechanism of gabapentin were sorted, generalized and analyzed.Gabapentin appears to be effective and safe in the treatment of sensory neuropathic disorder such as refractory chronic cough, and its effective treatment results may come ture through improving central sensitization, which indicates the drug has new clinical application value.Relevant clinical trials investigating its efficacy and safety profile in the treatment of cough are limited and further research are needed.