Lung cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of malignant tumor.Surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain the primary means of treatment for lung cancer,while the discoveries of molecular targets and targeted agents for lung cancer are making revolutionary changes and will almost certainly propel progress in this field into the foreseeable future.Biomarker-based individualized comprehensive treatment strategy is expected to benefit the lung cancer patients' survival.Meanwhile,chemotherapy remains the major treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer,which requires implementing the "three combinations" dialectical therapy principles,that is,systemic with local,conventional with personalized,eliminating with supporting.

To cultivate the high quality graduate is the aim of discipline construction as well as the graduate's cultivation.By raising graduate's humanities knowledge,establishing the "?" type knowledge structure,we want to make them grasp commonly used computer knowledge,improve their English proficiency,take part in the international lab cross-talking,hold the laboratory conference regularly,and encourage the graduate to present their articles to international biomedicine periodical.All these contribute to construct the platform which helps the graduate students grow into the innovated talent.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between the effect of docetaxel inducing apoptosis of non-small-cell lung cancer cell and intracellular level of reactive oxygen. Methods: SPC-AI lung cancer cells were treated with 10 -8mol/L docetaxel for 24 hours to observe the apoptotic morphological change under the electromicroscope and fluorescence microscope in ritro. The treated cells were harvested to analyze the cell cycles using flow cytometry and to estimate the intracellular reactive oxygen levels by staining with 2', 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidine. Results: After SPC-AI lung cancer cells were exposed to 10 ~ mol/L docetaxel for 24 hours, the typical apoptotic morphological changes were observed under the electromicroscope and fluorescence microscope. There was a higher reactive oxygen level in docetaxe-treated cells group than in control group. After 24 hours docetaxel exposure, there was a significant G2 ~'M phase arrest of SPC-AI lung cancer cells. Conclusions: Docetaxel can induce apoptosis in SPC-AI lung cancer cells through the mechanism of G2 ~ M phase arrest and by elevating intracellular level of reactive oxygen.

Objective To explore the diagnosis for early stage lung cancer with "normal" plain CT scan in order to draw the concern of physician to these patients. Methods We reviewed and analyzed 3 cases of central bronchogenic carcinoma with normal plain CT scan at first visit who were confirmed through fiber bronchoscope examination and PET/CT scan later. Then we compared the values of some diagnostic methods for early-stage central bronchogenic carcinoma. Results Three patients were all males with long smoking history. They came to hospital for cough and bloody sputum. All their plain CT scan showed "no abnormal findings", but their symptom continued. Later, the fiber bronchoscope examination and PET/CT scan strongly suggested that they were suffered from central bronchogenic carcinoma, and then the pathological findings and sputum cytology confirmed the diagnosis. Two patients received lobectomy, and the other one was suggested to accept radiotherapy because of his poor lung function. Conclusions The positive rate of plain CT scan for early-stage central bronchogenic carcinoma is relatively low. Thus, some of these patients lost the chance of surgery and combined therapy. So physicians should pay more attention to these patients with symptoms of persistent bloody sputum or obstructive pneumonia, even if the plain CT scan is negative at first visit. Using PET/CT and fiber bronchoscope examination, physicians can confirm the diagnosis of central bronchogenic carcinoma. So these two methods are important in the diagnosis for early-stage central bronchogenic carcinoma without any abnormal plain CT scan findings.

Standardized resident training is necessary for residents.The article focused on the establishment of standardized resident training model in the department of respiratory in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University.Zhongshan Hospital developed reasonable training plan,formulated strict evaluation and examination system and emphasized on cultivating practical,innovative and independent talents.Detailed measures included strengthening the basic knowledge and practical skills,developing independent learning ability,communication ability and innovative thinking and promoting medical ethics.All these experiences and explorations of standardized resident training in the department of respiratory will be beneficial.

The signal transduction system induced by epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) regulates cell cycle ,modulates cell growth and differentiation and improves damage repair.The overexpression of EGFR in several epithelial tumors including non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) forecasts low survival rate, poor prognosis and metastasis. Thereby EGFR can be a potential target for gene therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs) selectively inhibit tyrosine kinase activity,supress tumor growth ,and increase the sensitivity of radio chemotherapy. [

Background and purpose:The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors, and has important roles in cancer pathogenesis and progression. EGFR thus provides a rational target for cancer therapy. We studied siRNA-mediated inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor expression and its biologic effects in different human cancer cell lines (A431, HeLa and SPC-A-1). Methods:Cells were transfected with chemically synthesized siRNA-EGFR. EGFR mRNA was quantified by real-time PCR and was detected by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. The biologic effects on cell growth were assessed by colony-formation assay.Results:siRNA-EGFR significantly decreased mRNA level of EGFR by 73.9 %, 44.6 % and 57.7 %, protein expression of EGFR by 77.0 %, 61.3 % and 65.2 %, and reduced colony number by 27.2 %, 53.9 % and 59.1 % in A431, HeLa and SPC-A-1, respectively.Conclusions:Our data suggested that RNA interference could downregulate EGFR and inhibit colony forming ability and EGFR expression at mRNA/protein levels in human cancer cell lines with different pathological types. siRNA could be one of the promising strategies in future targeted cancer therapy.

Background and purpose:Overexpression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)plays a critical role in the process of immortalization of tumor cells.This study aims to investigate siRNA's effects on endogenous hTERT mRNA level and growth of breast cancer cells by targeting hTERT with its specific siRNA.The ultimate goal was to further elaborate the possible mechanism of immortalization in breast cancer cells.Methods:Real-Time RT-PCR was used to determine the hTERT transcripts in various breast cancer cells.hTERT siRNA was transfected into MCF7 cells with lipofectamine 2000.Cell growth was illustrated by growth curve,and cells apoptosis percentage was measured with Flow Cytometry(FACS).The relative expression levels of immortalization-related genes were evaluated with Real-Time RT-PCR.Results:Overexpressions of hTERT were demonstrated in all tested breast cancer cell lines.The inhibitory effects of hTERT siRNA were shown on both hTERT mRNA levels and cell growth from day 4 post transfection.Apoptosis was induced by hTERT siRNA as well.Certain immortalization-related genes were reduced by more than 50%,such as RAC1,PCYT2,FDFT1 and ATP5G2.Conclusions:hTERT siRNA specifically inhibited hTERT at mRNA level as well as cell growth.The apoptosis and downregulation of immortalization-related genes due to hTERT siRNA was demonstrated.

Background and purpose:The effects of triiodothyronine(T3)on breast cancer remain unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and correlation of estrogen receptor-?(ER-?)and thyroid hormone receptor-?(TR-?)in breast cancer cell lines,and to determine the changes of relevant receptors expression and its possible mechanism due to T3 treatment.Methods:Real-Time PCR was used to analyze the expressions of ER-? and TR-? at mRNA level in seven breast cancer cell lines.The expression level of retinoid X receptor-?(RXR-?)and these two receptors after T3 treatment were determined as well.The gene profile was further determined in SK-BR-3 cells treated with T3.Results:The expressions of ER-? and TR-? were quite low in SK-BR-3,MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cells,but high in MCF7,BT20,BT474 and T47D cells.ER-?,TR-? and RXR-? were upregulated due to T3 treatment in ER-?(-)cells,but not in ER-?(+)cells.In SK-BR-3 cells,T3 treatment led to up-regulation of E2F1,TGF-?1R,TGF-?2R and hTERT,but down-regulation of TGF-?1 and p21.Conclusions:The expressions of ER-? and TR-? are correlated in breast cancer cells;the effect of T3 treatment on hormone receptors is associated with endogenous ER-? level.

Background and purpose:Most breast cancer cell lines were derived from malignant pleural fluid or other tissues that metastasized from breast carcinoma.Breast carcinogenesis is under represented due to the significant distinction of biological characteristics between cancer cell lines and primary breast cancers.Few primary breast tumors spontaneously developed into immortal cell lines.Overexpression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) in normal epithelial cells led to immortalization.We aimed to establish immortalized cultures derived from primary breast cancer by introducing hTERT and determine the gene profile of hTERT-transfected cultures.Methods:hTERT was introduced into breast tumor cultures with a puromycin-resistant retroviral construct,pBABE-hTERT-puro.Real-Time RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression level of hTERT after transfection.The upregulated gene profile was determined with microarray techniques.Results:hTERT was stably over expressed,at least 1 400-fold in hTERT-transfected cells compared to pBABE-puro transfected cultures.These ectopic over-expressions led to immortalization of transfected cultures,which could undergo at least 40-50 passages.Microarray analysis further confirmed the over-expression of hTERT in transfected cultures and demonstrated that 22 genes were up-regulated due to over-expression of hTERT.No down-regulated genes were observed cross all cultures.Conclusions:Over-expression of hTERT led to immortalization of breast tumor primary cultures and up-regulated certain genes.