mGlu5 (Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5) does not only exist in nervous system , but also in many pe-ripheric organs and tissues .The vital role that mGlu5 plays in both nervous and non-nervous system diseases , which will be important for further studying the pathogenesis of diseases .Moreover, it can provide us with new ide-as and methods for precaution and cure of illness with mGluRs .

AIM: To probe into the development strategy, department construction and management methods of the pain department according to the current situation of pain treatment in China.METHODS: Based on on-spot investigation and individual correspondence,we made a comprehensive evaluation of the collected materials and testified them from the hospital departments involved. Under the current situation of pain treatment in China, namely, difficulty in forming a large scale and yielding social and economic results, relation between pain and rehabilitation therapy is discussed to explore the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of combining the two.RESULTS: The construction of the pain department should make full use of the human, financial and equipment resources available in the rehalilitation department, merging the pain department with the rehabilitation department to set up the pain and rehabilitation center. It will give full play to the respective advantages and avoid the weaknesses and produce large-scale results. The ward layout should consist of pain, rehabilitation and physiotherapy wards, operation room and nurse station. Outpatient diagnosis and treatment and the economic effect should be improved. Treatment should be centered on micro-invasive operations with comprehensive treatment as supplement so as to form the specialty-based characteristic. The department should be managed as an enterprise.CONCLUSION: The pain department should be merged with the rehabilitation department to set up the pain and rehabilitation center to achieve collaborative development.

Objective To study the relationship between M3 receptor and prostastic tumor by analyzing the expressions of M3 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in adult human normal and neoplastic prostatic gland tissue. Methods The specimens included 36 normal prostates(fresh),36 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)tissue(fresh),and 36 cancer tissue(8 fresh).RT-PCR was used to detect M3 receptor,VEGPs genetic expression.At protein level,VEGF,Ms receptor,CD34 were detected by western-blot and immunohistochemical method. Results VEGF and M3 receptor's genetic expressions were higher in prostate cancer tissue(O.8354±0.1897,0.7824±0.2047)than in BPH tissue(0.6735±0.1603,0.6021±0.1637),while the expressions of these genes were lowest in normal prostate tissue(0.5425±0.1629,0.3436±0.1581)(P<0.001).There was a positive correlation between M3 and VEGFs gene expression(r=0.4999,P

Objective To investigate the value of prostate-bladder angle (PBA) measured by MRI in the diagnosis of benign prostate obstruction (BPO). Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 87 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients referred for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) between March 2009 and November 2009. PBA was measured by MRI and urodynamic parameter Qmax was measured as well. With the diagnostic criteria of BPO as Qmax＜10 ml/s, the patients were divided into two groups: obstruction group and non-obstruction group. PBA was compared between these two groups. The sensitivity and the specificity of PBA in diagnosing BPO were also analyzed. Results The age range of the patients was 57-90 years with a median age 73 years; Qmax was 2.325.4 ml/s with median Qmax 7.9 ml/s; PBA was 4°-52° with median PBA 27°. There were 25 patients in the non-obstruction group with PBA between 4°- 21°(13°); in the obstruction group,there were 62 patients with PBA between 15°- 52°(34°). PBA was found statistically different between the obstruction and non-obstruction group (P＜0.01). With the cutoff at PBA≥20°for the diagnosis of BPO, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis were 90. 3 % (56/62)and 96.0% (24/25), respectively. Conclusion PBA measured by MRI is valuable and can be used as a new non-invasive parameter in the diagnosis of BPO.

Objective To analyze membrane attack complex (MAC) expression in different types of idiopathic inflammtory myopathy (IIM).Methods We enrolled 57 cases of dermatomyositis (DM) , 37 cases of polymyositis (PM) ,9 cases of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and 15 cases of autoimmune necrotizing myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies (SRP-ANM) in Department of Neurology at Peking University First Hospital from 2011 to 2014, and used x2 test or Fisher exact test to analyze MAC expression in muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries respectively.Results The total MAC expression in DM, PM, sIBM and SRP-ANM was 75.4％ (43/57), 86.5％ (32/37), 4/9 and 13/15 respectively.The MAC expression in muscle fibers was 50.9％ (29/57), 81.1％ (30/37) , 3/9 and 13/15 respectively.The MAC expression in endomysial capillaries was 49.1％ (28/57) , 24.3％ (9/37) , 1/9 and 6/15 respectively.The MAC expression in muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries of sIBM was less than other types of IIM.The MAC expression in muscle fibers of PM and SRP-ANM was higher than DM and sIBM, but there was no statistically significant difference between PM and SRP-ANM.The MAC expression in endomysial capillaries of DM and SRP-ANM was higher than PM and sIBM, while there was no statistically significant difference between DM and SRP-ANM (x2 =0.397, P =0.574).The MAC expression in four types of IIM had regional distribution, of which 11.6％ (5/43) of DM showed bundle distribution.Conclusion There are differences in the damage of MAC in various types of IIM, the damage of MAC in SRP-ANM indicated the pattern of both DM and PM.

Objective To explore the application value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) in diagnosis of structural heart disease through a comparison with two dimensional echocardiography (2DE).Methods Ninety-two patients with heart disease were enrolled from October 2009 to February 2014 , all of whom were examined by RT-3DE.By cutting and spiraling structural 3D images of lesions in regions of interest , we made a diagnosis of lesions .In addition, the size of atrial(ASD) and ventricular septal defects (VSD),based on surgical results,was measured and analyzed.By comparing the coherence and difference of diagnosis on structural heart disease examined by 2DE and RT-3DE, the accuracy and superiority of RT-3DE were evaluated.Results (1)The 3D images of 92 patients with heart disease were successfully obtained by RT-3DE.The structure of lesions was displayed directly from various angles .In addition, the position, scope and degree of lesions and the spatial relationship of adjacent structures were accurately confirmed.RT-3DE provided more direct, accurate and abundant information than 2DE.(2)In the diagnosis of congenital heart disease, the diagnostic accordance rate of RT-3DE was the same as that of 2DE, but was slightly higher in the diagnosis of valvular disease and other lesions .( 3 ) Compared with 2DE, the ASD maximum diameters obtained from RT-3DE were more correlaed with surgical findings (r=0.94,0.86),so were the VSD maximum diameters (r=0.93, 0.84).Conclusion RT-3DE is easy to operate and quick to produce image ,which can provide more spatial information than 2DE in structural heart disease diagnosis , increase the accuracy rate of diagnosis , and serve as a supplement to 2DE.

Objective To investigate the effect of α-galactosidase A (GLA) gene mutation on cell autophagy and to elucidate its mechanism preliminarily.Methods Two families were diagnosed by ultrastructural pathological examination,GLA gene activity test and GLA gene mutation screening.Mutant type recombinant expression plasmid of two pedigrees (pcDNA3.1-GFP-ex1 (EX1 group),pcDNA3.1-GFP-ex3 (EX3 group)) and wild type recombinant expression plasmid of GLA (pcDNA3.1-GFP-GLA,GLA group) were constructed.Hela cell line (control group) was transiently transfected with recombinant expression plasmid according to lipofectin transfection.The relative gene expression of Beclin-1 was measured with real-time PCR,and protein expression level of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,Beclin-1 and P62/SQSTM1 was examined by Western blotting.Results The LC3 protein values of groups EX1,EX3,GLA and control were 1.495 ± 0.064,1.490 ± 0.020,1.285 ± 0.021,1.260 ± 0.042,respectively;P62/ SQSTM1 values were 0.555 ± 0.086,0.480 ± 0.084,0.785 ± 0.439,0.980 ± 0.278,respectively;Beclin-1 mRNA 2-△Ct values were 0.011 ±0.003,0.008 ±0.002,0.005 ±0.001,0.003 ±0.001,respectively;Beclin-1 protein values were 1.178 ±0.098,1.209 ±0.092,0.931 ±0.100,0.796 ±0.184,respectively.Compared with the wide type group,the level of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein was significantly higher in the mutant type groups(t =5.118,4.984;P =0.007,0.008),though no statistically significant difference was found in the expression levels of P62/SQSTM1 (t =1.052,1.400;P =0.323,0.199).Besides,the expression levels of Beclin-1 mRNA (t =3.800,2.445;P =0.005,0.040) and protein (t =2.424,2.729;P =0.042,0.026) were significantly higher in the mutant type groups.Conclusions GLA gene mutation can induce cell autophagic dysfunction,and signaling pathway of autophagic activation may be Beclin-1 dependent.

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates a highly valuable ketocarotenoid, i.e. astaxanthin up to 4%dry weight under stress conditions. Phytoene synthase is considered to be the first rate limiting enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in H. pluvialis. The cDNA and genomic genes of phytoene synthase, i.e. psy from H.pluvialis were cloned and characterized.Result showed that psy had one open reading frame of 1 200 bp encoding a putative polypeptide of 400 amino acids which was interrupted by four introns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that psy from green algae formed a monophyletic clade, and its closer relationship was higher plants. By using genomic walking approach, an approximate 1 kb 5′ flanking region ofpsy gene was cloned and a number of putative cis-regulatory elements were revealed. Fusing a 297 bp internal sequence (-297 to -1 bp from the translation initiation codon ofpsy) with the reporter gene, i.e. lacZ before attemptedintroducing the construct into the green alga via particle bombardment resulted in lacZ transient expression.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical significance of expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),P16 and P27genes in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.Methods:The expressions of PCNA,P16and P27were detected by immunohistochemical staining (SP)in 55 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.Results:The higher and lower expressions of PCNA were 45.5%(19/55) and 65.5%(35/55) respectively;of P16 were 45.5%(25/55) and 54.5%(30/55)respectively.And the positive and negative expressions of P27 were 34.5%(19/55) and 65.5%(36/55),respectively.The correlation of expression of PCNA gene with local recurrence and tumor site showed significant (P=0.0317,P=0.0186);but the expression of P16was no any significant correlation in all of the variables.The expression of P27 was significant on the regional lymph node metastaisis (P=0.0083).When higher expression of P16was 45.5%(25/55),the P27positive expression was 56.0%(14/25),which showed a significant positive correlation (P=0.0025).Conclusion:In adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands,the PCNA gene should be one of the biological target predicting local recurrence,and P27gene should be one of the biological target justifying regional lymph node metastasis.

Objective To compare the results of TEOAE and DPOAE in the same population of normal newborns, to provide information on choosing appropriate screening tools.Methods A two-steps protocol was taken with the first screening during the first 48 to 72 hours of birth and rescreened from one to two months old if the newborns failed the first screening.For each step of screening, TEOAE and DPOAE were performed simultaneously using AccuScreen hearing screening instrument (Madsen-GN Otometrics, Taastrup, Denmark).A total of 1 062 normal newborns (F/M=508/554) delivered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this research for the first screening.Infants who failed either TEOAE or DPOAE screening in the first screening were referred to a second screening.Among them, 135 performed both DPOAE and TEOAE in the second step.The newborns who failed the second screening would receive ABR when they were 3 months old.Results In the first screening,the failure rate for TEOAE was 11.0% (117/1 062) and 13.7% (145/1 062) for DPOAE.In the second screening step, the failure rates were 17.8% (24/135) and 20.7% (28/135) for TEOAE and DPOAE, respectively.Chi-square and Fisher's test showed that the failure rates of DPOAE were significant higher than TEOAE for both steps (P<0.001).The agreements between TEOAE and DPOAE were 96.0% and 95.6% for the first and second steps respectively, and the kappa values were 0.817 and 0.857.As to the average time taken to accomplish the screening for one ear, TEOAE was 24±25 s and DPOAE was 40±34 s during the first screening;in the rescreening, TEOAE was 52±41 s and DPOAE was 73±62 s.Paired-t tests showed that the differences between DPOAE and TEOAE testing time were statistically significant (P=0.000) in both screening steps.Finally, 7 newborns (10 ears) were diagnosed conductive hearing loss(except 1 ear was sensorineural hearing loss).Conclusion As a screening tool, TEOAE got lower refer rates and took less time than DPOAE implicating TEOAE a better screening tool for normal neonates.