mGlu5 (Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5) does not only exist in nervous system , but also in many pe-ripheric organs and tissues .The vital role that mGlu5 plays in both nervous and non-nervous system diseases , which will be important for further studying the pathogenesis of diseases .Moreover, it can provide us with new ide-as and methods for precaution and cure of illness with mGluRs .

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristic of bacterial food-poisoning in Zhuhai City to provide a scientific basis for the judgment ,control and prevention of bacterial food-poisoning .Methods The samples of bacterial food-poison-ing in the Zhuhai Municipal Bacterial Food-Poisoning Laboratory during 2011-2015 were detected according to two version of Mi-crobiological Examination of Food (implementation on 2004-01-01 and 2016-06-01 respectively ) ,and the detection results were sta-tistically analyzed .Results Thirty-seven cases of bacterial food-poisoning(430 samples) occurred in Zhuhai City in the recent five years ,among which 22 cases(124 strains of pathogenic bacteria) were detected ,the cause detection rate of bacterial food-poisoning events was 59 .46% .The pathogenic bacteria causing bacterial food-poisoning were mainly vibrio parahaemolyticus (97 strains , 78 .23% ) and Staphyloccocus aureus (12 strains ,9 .68% ) .The sample detection rate of anal swabs was highest (77 strains ,62 . 10% ) ,followed by feces samples(17 strains ,13 .71% ) .The seasonality distribution was obviously concentrated in the third quarter (99 strains of pathogenic bacteria ,79 .84% ) and second quarter o (16 strains ,12 .90% ) .Conclusion Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphyloccocus aureus were the main pathogenic bacteria causing bacterial food-poisoning in Zhuhai City during these recent five years ,and the seasonality distribution was mainly concentrated in the second and third quarter .It is important to improve health awareness of the whole people and strengthen the surveillance and supervision and management work of food-borne pathogenic bac-teria during the food production ,processing and storage process in order to reduce the occurrence of food-poisoning .

AIM: To probe into the development strategy, department construction and management methods of the pain department according to the current situation of pain treatment in China.METHODS: Based on on-spot investigation and individual correspondence,we made a comprehensive evaluation of the collected materials and testified them from the hospital departments involved. Under the current situation of pain treatment in China, namely, difficulty in forming a large scale and yielding social and economic results, relation between pain and rehabilitation therapy is discussed to explore the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of combining the two.RESULTS: The construction of the pain department should make full use of the human, financial and equipment resources available in the rehalilitation department, merging the pain department with the rehabilitation department to set up the pain and rehabilitation center. It will give full play to the respective advantages and avoid the weaknesses and produce large-scale results. The ward layout should consist of pain, rehabilitation and physiotherapy wards, operation room and nurse station. Outpatient diagnosis and treatment and the economic effect should be improved. Treatment should be centered on micro-invasive operations with comprehensive treatment as supplement so as to form the specialty-based characteristic. The department should be managed as an enterprise.CONCLUSION: The pain department should be merged with the rehabilitation department to set up the pain and rehabilitation center to achieve collaborative development.

Objective To assess the differential diagnosis and characteristics of renal benign and malignant tumors with three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (3D-CEUS). Methods Totally 68 patients with renal tumors were examined by conventional ultrasound and two-dimensional contrastenhanced ultrasound(2D-CEUS). 3D imaging was reconstructed from 2D imaging, the differential diagnosis of renal tumors with 3D-CEUS was analyzed by comparing with 2D-CEUS. All patients with renal tumors were proved by operational pathology. Results Eighteen patients with renal benign tumors mostly displayed equal or low enhancement, showed "slowly in and slowly out" with 2D-CEUS, while displayed regular peripheral and internal vessels with 3D-CEUS. Fifty patients with renal malignant tumors mostly displayed high enhancement, showed "rapidly in and rapidly out" with 2D-CEUS,displayed winding peripheral vessels and disordered internal vessels with 3D-CEUS. 3D-CEUS may display the vascular characteristics of tumors and showed superior imaging quality to 2D-CEUS ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions 3D-CEUS can display the vascular characteristics of tumors and their spatial positions, it plays an important role in differential diagnosis between renal benign and malignant tumors.

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in the diagnosis of hematoma and active hemorrhage of renal trauma. Methods Totally 28 patients with renal trauma were examined by conventional ultrasound and CEUS,respectively,including 24 cases caused after renal biopsy,4closed trauma. The detectability of renal hematoma and active hemorrhage with these two methods were compared. All patients were identified by CT or follow-up studies with ultrasound. Results The detectability of renal hematoma with conventional ultrasound and CEUS were 67. 86% (19/28), 92. 86%(26/28), respectively. There was statistically different for detectability in the diagnosis ( P ＜0.05), and the extent of hematoma was more obvious with CEUS. CEUS diagnosed 7 of 26 were renal hematoma with active hemorrhage,which were difficult to be detected with conventional ultrasound. For renal hematoma,the features of CEUS were no enhancement found in every phase; for renal hematoma with active hemorrhage,the contrast agents overflowed from injured blood vessels and formed irregular remarkable enhanced regions. Conclusions CEUS is useful in diagnosing hematoma and identifying the extent and active hemorrhage of renal trauma,in addition,CEUS is valuable in detecting complications after renal biopsy.

Objective To investigate the value of prostate-bladder angle (PBA) measured by MRI in the diagnosis of benign prostate obstruction (BPO). Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 87 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients referred for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) between March 2009 and November 2009. PBA was measured by MRI and urodynamic parameter Qmax was measured as well. With the diagnostic criteria of BPO as Qmax＜10 ml/s, the patients were divided into two groups: obstruction group and non-obstruction group. PBA was compared between these two groups. The sensitivity and the specificity of PBA in diagnosing BPO were also analyzed. Results The age range of the patients was 57-90 years with a median age 73 years; Qmax was 2.325.4 ml/s with median Qmax 7.9 ml/s; PBA was 4°-52° with median PBA 27°. There were 25 patients in the non-obstruction group with PBA between 4°- 21°(13°); in the obstruction group,there were 62 patients with PBA between 15°- 52°(34°). PBA was found statistically different between the obstruction and non-obstruction group (P＜0.01). With the cutoff at PBA≥20°for the diagnosis of BPO, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis were 90. 3 % (56/62)and 96.0% (24/25), respectively. Conclusion PBA measured by MRI is valuable and can be used as a new non-invasive parameter in the diagnosis of BPO.

Objective To evaluate the early diagnosis value of procalcitonin (PCT) in severe brain damage combined with pul‐monary infection .Methods The brain injury patients in the hospital from January to October 2014 were enrolled in the study and divided into infectious group whose infection had occurred within 5 days after admitting to hospital and non‐infectious group who had not suffered from infection .The blood samples of the patients were collected within 2 h and 3 days after admitting to hospital and detected for PCT concentration .The Early diagnosis value of PCT in brain damage combined with pulmonary infection was e‐valuated and compared with white blood cells (WBC) ,neutrophile granulocyte(N)and hypersensitive C‐reactive protein(hs‐CRP) . Results The incidence of pulmonary infection within 5 days of severe brain injury was 22 .9% (41/179) .There were statistically differences of PCT ,WBC ,N and hs‐CRP between infectious group and non‐infectious group(P< 0 .05) .The areas under curve (AUC) of PCT ,WBC ,N and hs‐CRP were 0 .83 ,0 .80 ,0 .78 and 0 .82 respectively .The combination of PCT+WBC+ hs‐CRP had the highest diagnostic value since its AUC was 0 .87 .PCT had a satisfied diagnostic veracity since it had good sensitivity ,specificity and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of brain damage combined with pulmonary infection .Conclusion PCT could be an ear‐ly diagnosis indicator in severe brain damage combined with pulmonary infection ,and the diagnostic veracity is higher when com‐bined with WBC and hs‐CRP .An antimicrobial treatment is recommended when PCT concentration of brain damage patient rises , especially when combined with WBC and hs‐CRP concentration elevating .

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates a highly valuable ketocarotenoid, i.e. astaxanthin up to 4%dry weight under stress conditions. Phytoene synthase is considered to be the first rate limiting enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in H. pluvialis. The cDNA and genomic genes of phytoene synthase, i.e. psy from H.pluvialis were cloned and characterized.Result showed that psy had one open reading frame of 1 200 bp encoding a putative polypeptide of 400 amino acids which was interrupted by four introns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that psy from green algae formed a monophyletic clade, and its closer relationship was higher plants. By using genomic walking approach, an approximate 1 kb 5′ flanking region ofpsy gene was cloned and a number of putative cis-regulatory elements were revealed. Fusing a 297 bp internal sequence (-297 to -1 bp from the translation initiation codon ofpsy) with the reporter gene, i.e. lacZ before attemptedintroducing the construct into the green alga via particle bombardment resulted in lacZ transient expression.

Objective To analyze membrane attack complex (MAC) expression in different types of idiopathic inflammtory myopathy (IIM).Methods We enrolled 57 cases of dermatomyositis (DM) , 37 cases of polymyositis (PM) ,9 cases of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and 15 cases of autoimmune necrotizing myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies (SRP-ANM) in Department of Neurology at Peking University First Hospital from 2011 to 2014, and used x2 test or Fisher exact test to analyze MAC expression in muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries respectively.Results The total MAC expression in DM, PM, sIBM and SRP-ANM was 75.4％ (43/57), 86.5％ (32/37), 4/9 and 13/15 respectively.The MAC expression in muscle fibers was 50.9％ (29/57), 81.1％ (30/37) , 3/9 and 13/15 respectively.The MAC expression in endomysial capillaries was 49.1％ (28/57) , 24.3％ (9/37) , 1/9 and 6/15 respectively.The MAC expression in muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries of sIBM was less than other types of IIM.The MAC expression in muscle fibers of PM and SRP-ANM was higher than DM and sIBM, but there was no statistically significant difference between PM and SRP-ANM.The MAC expression in endomysial capillaries of DM and SRP-ANM was higher than PM and sIBM, while there was no statistically significant difference between DM and SRP-ANM (x2 =0.397, P =0.574).The MAC expression in four types of IIM had regional distribution, of which 11.6％ (5/43) of DM showed bundle distribution.Conclusion There are differences in the damage of MAC in various types of IIM, the damage of MAC in SRP-ANM indicated the pattern of both DM and PM.

Objective To investigate the brachial plexus injury patients regional and national characteristics,epidemiological characteristics.Methods Reference to foreign brachial plexus injury epidemiology survey methodology,retrospective analysis of five representative hospitalsthe trauma center in Urumqi,Xinjiang during January 2010 and May 2013 were treated 166 cases of patients with brachial plexus injury medical records.Results The incidence rate of brachial plexus injury was 1.17％ in this 5 trauma center.From 20 to 49 age group accounted for 69.87％,the ratio of male to female was 4.53:1.Workers and farmers accounted for 51.8％,Uygur,Han accounted for respectively 62.04％,24.69％.Kashi,Aksu,Urumqi accounted for respectively 22.89％,12.04％,8.43％.Motor vehicle accidents,high-altitude fall injury and injuries caused by birth trauma accounted for respectively 33.73％,31.92％ and 9.67％.Injury type:root,trunk,bundle/bundle branch injury cases accounted for respectively 28.91％,27.10％,40.36％.Conclusion Brachial plexus injury occurs mainly in young men with low income,motor vehicle accidents,and high-altitude fall injury are dangerous injury factors,different nationalities,different areas occurs constitutes obvious difference,neonatal birth trauma caused by brachial plexus injury constitute relatively high.