Objective To investigate the influence factors work on the willingness of nursing students to participate in Mobile Learning. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 undergraduate nursing students. The instruments used was the influencing factors of the nursing students' willingness in Mobile Learning questionnaire. Results The resource of study about source, formation and contents, the characteristic, these scores are (12.20 ± 2.66), (14.74 ± 2.95), (11.33 ± 2.63), (11.57 ± 2.34) respectively. In addition, the score of perceived ease of use, the score of perceived usefulness and the score of study attitude, the school of preference, which are (15.02 ± 3.12), (14.81 ± 2.91), (11.43 ± 2.07), (15.18 ± 2.94) respectively. Model fit index which have these factors reached acceptable ranges. Conclusion In order to promote nursing students independent, efficient and convenient study on Mobile Learning, the designing of Mobile Learning should consider the resources characteristics and optimize techniques used.

Objective To explore the causes and treatment of difficulty of urination after suprapubic prostatectomy. Methods 56 cases with difficulty of urination after suprapubic prostatectomy were reviewed.The causes of difficulty of urination were bladder outlet stricture,urethral stricture,relapse of BPH and other nonsurgical causes. Results 48 cases were surgically managed,and the success rate was 94%.The follow up time was 2～84 months with a mean of 38 months,all of them urinate normally except in 3 suprapubic cystostomy has been mandatory. Conclusions Correct presurgical diagnosis,adequate surgical treatment and postsurgical management are key points in preventing postsurgical difficulty of urination.

Objective To establish nude mice xenograft tumor models of human endometrial carcinoma for basic and clinical study. Methods Fourteen samples of human endometrial carcinoma were subcutaneously heterotransplanted to nude mice (BALB/C, nu/nu),3～4 mice were transplanted for every sample. Results The initial take rate was 42.8%,then it increased to 100.0% after the 5th passage. Five of 14 samples were transplanted for 48～63 passages.The characteristics of histology,ultrastructure and chromosome were identical to those of human donour tumors. The DNA ploidy was consistent for SL-1,SL-2 and SL-3,but changed for SL-4 and SL-5 by cytometric analysis. The expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor for 5 models was all negative. The expression of p53 was positive for SL-1,SL-2 and SL-4,but negative for SL-3 and SL-5.The expression of c-erbB-2 was positive for SL-1,SL-2 and SL-4,negative for SL-3 and SL-5.The expression of p16 was positive for SL-2 and SL-3,negative for SL-1,SL-4 and SL-5. Conclusions Five nude mice xenograft tumor models of human endometrial carcinoma were established successfully. It will be helpful for the basic and clinical study of human endometrial carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine combined with chemotherapy on immune function in treatment of children with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods 89 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis from December 2010 to December 2013 treated in three hospitals in xinxiang city were randomly divided into control group and observation group.The control group was given regular chemotherapy,the observation group was given chemotherapy combined with Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine therapy.CD4 +,CD8 +,CD8 +/CD4 +and CD16 +CD56 +in peripheral blood were evaluated by FCM before and after treatment.Serum TNF- αand IL-10 levels were detected by the method of ELISA.Taking 3 sputum samples (night sputum,morning sputum and sputum at moment)of each patient to smear after treatment.Results Before treatment,there was no significant difference of each index between two groups.After treatment,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +and CD16 +CD56 +in the observation group were significantly higher than that before treatment and the control group(P<0.05).The proportion of CD8 +in two groups was significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05),the difference between groups was not statistically significant.Serum TNF- αand IL-10 levels decreased significantly in two groups than those before treatment and the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the negative conversion rate in the control group was 90.9%(n=40),while 100%(n=45)in the observation group.The difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine combined with chemotherapy has a significant effect on children with pulmonary tuberculosis.It could significantly improve the immune function of children.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal schwannoma.Methods Clinical data of 11 cases of primary retroperitoneal schwannomas were analyzed retrospectively from February 1990 to September 2014.There were 6 males and 5 females,with a median age of 46 years,and the median tumor size was 9.6 cm (4.5-12.3 cm).Seven cases were revealled due to physical examination,3 cases were revealled due to ipsilateral lower back pain or discomfort,and 1 case was revealled due to right lower extremity numbness.There were no clinical manifestations of hypertension or appearance shape change,and there were no abnormal findings in routine laboratory and endocrine examinations.Radiological examination showed a retroperitoneal mass.There were 3 cases in the left adrenal gland,1 case in the right adrenal gland,3 cases in the lower pole of left kidney and 4 cases in the lower pole of right kidney.Four patients were initially diagnosed as adrenal tumors,and 7 patients were diagnosed as kidney tumors.Results All the 11 cases underwent surgical resection,with 7 cases of complete resection,1 case of capsule resection,2 cases of partial resection and 1 case of biopsy.The pathology of immunohistochemical staining showed S-100 positive in 10 cases of benign retroperitoneal schwannomas.During the follow-up period for 1.5-24 years (median 14 years),no recurrence and malignance was observed.One case of malignant retroperitoneal schwannoma died of multiple metastases in 17 months after opreation.Conclusions Primary retroperitoneal schwannoma is rare and preoperative diagnosis is difficult.Clinical manifestations and radiological findings are usually nondiagnostic,and histopathology is the only way for final diagnosis.Complete surgical resection is proved to be the best choice.

Objective To investigate the value of prostate-bladder angle (PBA) measured by MRI in the diagnosis of benign prostate obstruction (BPO). Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 87 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients referred for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) between March 2009 and November 2009. PBA was measured by MRI and urodynamic parameter Qmax was measured as well. With the diagnostic criteria of BPO as Qmax＜10 ml/s, the patients were divided into two groups: obstruction group and non-obstruction group. PBA was compared between these two groups. The sensitivity and the specificity of PBA in diagnosing BPO were also analyzed. Results The age range of the patients was 57-90 years with a median age 73 years; Qmax was 2.325.4 ml/s with median Qmax 7.9 ml/s; PBA was 4°-52° with median PBA 27°. There were 25 patients in the non-obstruction group with PBA between 4°- 21°(13°); in the obstruction group,there were 62 patients with PBA between 15°- 52°(34°). PBA was found statistically different between the obstruction and non-obstruction group (P＜0.01). With the cutoff at PBA≥20°for the diagnosis of BPO, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis were 90. 3 % (56/62)and 96.0% (24/25), respectively. Conclusion PBA measured by MRI is valuable and can be used as a new non-invasive parameter in the diagnosis of BPO.

Chinese stomatology education mode is different from foreign oral education mode,with its own characteristics and some deficiencies.By comparing to the mature oral ( dental ) medical education system,we can learn from the successful experience from American modern oral medical education mode while preserving their advantages to carry forward the Chinese stomatology education.For this purpose,we analyze the academic structure,curriculum,teaching methods,continuing education,basic training,clinical practice,career prospects between Sino-US oral medical education system.Some suggestions on educative reform were also made.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of slow coronary flow (SCF) phenomenon; To study the prognosis of SCF patients and analyze the high risk factors of adverse events by follow-up.Methods 17930 patients were analyzed retrospectively who had undergone routine coronary angiography because of suspected coronary artery disease at TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital from January 2006 to December 2010.By Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction Frame Count method,236 patients with normal coronary artery but slow coronary flow were enrolled in the SCF group and 240 patients with normal coronary artery and normal coronary flow (40-50patients per year) were enrolled in the control group.After that,the risk factors leading to SCF were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis and all patients were followed up from March 2012 to April 2012 to know about the incidence of adverse events (acute coronary syndrome,malignant arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death) and the high risk factors leading to the adverse events.Results (1) Compared to the patients in the control group,the patients in SCF group have higher percentage of male (76.69％ vs.42.08％,P =0.000) 、rate of smokers (58.48％ vs.27.50％,P =0.000) 、BMI (26.78 ±3.75 vs.26.13 ±3.20,P =0.043) 、serum uric acid (344.90 ± 86.18 vs.304.43 ±76.44,P =0.000) 、serum creatinine (68.27 ± 15.10 vs.60.92 ± 13.17,P =0.000)、triglyceride (1.85 ± 1.23 vs.1.65 ± 0.81,P =0.037) but younger age and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.14 ± 0.28 vs.1.19 ± 0.30,P =0.048).(2) By multivariate logistic regression analysis,male,smoking status,hiah BMI and serum uric acid are all independent factors for SCF.(3) The SCF phenomenon noted in lvessel,2 vessels and 3 vessels accounted for 7.29％,26.04％,66.67％,respectively.(4) During the follow-up,2 patients with malignant arrhythmia and 1 patients with ACS were found in SCF group,no sudden cardiac death took place.None of the adverse events happened in the control group.Conclusions Younger male smokers are prone to have SCF,high BMI and serum uric acid are also independent factors for SCF; The SCF phenomenon is most common in three coronary arteries.Both malignant arrhythmia and acute coronary syndrome took place in the SCF group in the follow-up.

Objective To evaluate the applicability and security of transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy vs double guidewire technique for cannulation in difficult bile duct cannulation in endoscopic retrograde eholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods Retrospective analysis of 158 cases difficult bile duct cannulation in ERCP from January 2012 to January 2014, according to the intubation tube method, we divided all the cases into 3 groups, transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy group (group A); double guide wire technique group (group B); single guide wire technique group (group C). Then compare the intubation success rate and the incidence of complications among the 3 groups. Results 54 of 58 patients in group A intubation successful, the success rate is 93.1%, 50 of 56 patients in group B intubation successful, the success rate is 89.3%, 26 of 44 patients in group C intubation successful, the success rate is 59.1%, there was no significant difference between group A and B(P > 0.05), group A and group C, group B and C have significant difference (P < 0.05). In group A, 4 cases were complicated with acute pancreatitis, hemorrhage in 6 cases, infection in 2 cases, the complication rate is 20.7%; In group B, 5 cases were complicated with postoperative pancreatitis, 4 cases of infection, incidence of complications is 16.1%; 7 patients were complicated with pancreatitis in group C, hemorrhage in 2 cases, infection in 4 cases, complication rates is 29.5%, 3 groups were no perforation occurred.The complication rate of group B is lower than in group A, but no significant difference (P > 0.05), group A and group C, B and C complication rates had significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusions When selective bile duct intubation is difficulty and guide wire thread into the pancreatic duct, continue to single guide wire have low intubation success rate and higher incidence of complications,transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy and double guide wire technique can effectively improve the success rate of intubation, and complication rates are relatively low, no significant difference between the two.