Objective To learn drug resistance of bacteria isolated from a hospital of Chengdu from 2012 to 2013 .Methods From 2012 to 2013 ,39 732 clinical specimens were collected ,ATB Express half‐automatic bacteria identification system were used to identify the bacteria ,and paper diffusion(K‐B) method was used to do drug sensitive test ,results were judged according to Clini‐cal and Laboratory Standards Institute 2012 standard interpretation ,Whonet5 .6 was used to do statistical analysis .Results In the bacteria isolated from this hospital in 2012 and 2013 ,gram‐positive bacteria accounted for 27 .7% and 37 .4% respectively ,gram negative bacteria accounted for 72 .3% and 62 .6% .The top five pathogenic bacteria were E .coli(16 .3% ,20 .3% ) ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa(11 .5% ,11 .7% ) ,Staphylococcus aureus (11 .3% ,11 .4% ) ,Acinetobacter baumannii(10 .6% ,9 .3% ) ,Klebsiella pneu‐moniae(14 .7% ,12 .0% ) .The detection rates of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus(MRSA) were 56 .2% ,47 .7% .The positive rates of producing extended spectrum βlactamases(ESBLs) of E .coli and Klebsiella pneumonia accounted for 41 .0% ,32 .2% and 21 .0% ,10 .8% ,which were high sensitive to carbon penicillium alkene antibiotics and amikacin .Susceptibility monitoring results showed that the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii was rising ,and the drug resistant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to most antibiotic were decline .Conclusion The top five bacteria isolated from this hospital in 2012 and 2013 are given priority to gram‐negative bacteria ,in addition to the drug resistant trend of Acinetobacter baumannii increased slightly ,the drug resistant of other four common bacteria were decline .Clinical attention should focus on positive ESBLs ,E .coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,MRSA and M ulti‐resistant bacteria .

Objective To study the relationship between M3 receptor and prostastic tumor by analyzing the expressions of M3 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in adult human normal and neoplastic prostatic gland tissue. Methods The specimens included 36 normal prostates(fresh),36 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)tissue(fresh),and 36 cancer tissue(8 fresh).RT-PCR was used to detect M3 receptor,VEGPs genetic expression.At protein level,VEGF,Ms receptor,CD34 were detected by western-blot and immunohistochemical method. Results VEGF and M3 receptor's genetic expressions were higher in prostate cancer tissue(O.8354±0.1897,0.7824±0.2047)than in BPH tissue(0.6735±0.1603,0.6021±0.1637),while the expressions of these genes were lowest in normal prostate tissue(0.5425±0.1629,0.3436±0.1581)(P<0.001).There was a positive correlation between M3 and VEGFs gene expression(r=0.4999,P

Objective To explore the effects of C-pseudonucleosides bearing thiazolidin-4-one as immunostimulants on differentiation and activation of human lymphocytes. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy adults,and then incubated with immunostimulants (CH1a,CH2a,CH1b,CH2b and pidotimod).After 48 h,we collected the supernatants and then detected the concentrations of IL-2,IL-4 and IFN-γ using ELISA.After 72 h,the proliferation was detected using MTT method.PBMC incubated with immunostimulants (CH1a,CH2a,CH1b,CH2b and pidotimod),after 72 h,the cultural cells were collected and CD expressions of lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results All samples could stimulate proliferation of T cells.Immunostimulants CH1a,CH2a and pidotimod could elevate the expressions of CD3,CD4,CD19 and CD16CD56,and stimulate the secretions of IL-2 and IFN-γ. Immunostimulants CH1b and CH2b could elevate the expressions of CD3,CD4,CD19 and CD16CD56,and stimulate the secretions of IL-2 and IL-4. Conclusion Immunostimulants CH1a and CH2a could differentiate Th0 into Th1 and promote the proliferation of B cells as well as NK cells.However,immunostimulants CH1b and CH2b could differentiate Th0 into Th2 and promote the proliferation of B cells and NK cells.

Objective To investigate the effect on ubiquitin-dependent autophagic pathway in macrophage(MΦ) infected by B.suis S1330 attenuated strains.Methods Infected MΦ in vitro using Brucella S1330 strains to construct experimental model.Observed the process of phagocytic,the level of ubiquitination and autophagy in MΦ of mice.MΦ was divided into control group,infected group,positive control group and infected group after RAPA induced autophagy.The Giemsa staining immunofluorescence and Western blot were applied to observe the chances of ubiquitinated and autophagic protein in MΦ at different time points within different groups.Results Ubiquitinated bacterial protein was detected at 0.5 h after infected MΦ.With the time passing,the ubiquitinated bacterial protein increased and aggregated intracellular until MΦ dead at 12 h after infected.The expression of LC3B protein was serious deficiency in MΦ which infected group,but ubiquitinated bacterial protein decreased significantly in MΦ after RAPA induced.Conclusion Brucella S1330 stain can arouse intracellular ubiquitination process in infected MΦ,and interfere the ubiquitin-dependent autophagic pathway.A large number of aggregated and ubiquitinated bacterial protein can not be effectively removed,it leads to MΦ dysfunction and dead.

Objective To analyze the misdiagnosis reasons in renal tumors with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and to improve cognition on CEUS. Methods Two-hundred and eighty-five cases were compared with pathology, the images in 22 cases misdiagnosed on CEUS were reviewed retrospectively and the reasons were analyzed. Results The diagnosis accuracy and misdiagnosis rate of CEUS were 92. 28 % (263/285) and 7. 72%(22/285), respectively. In these 22 cases, 9 cases misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were conformed by pathology as renal angiomyolipoma(RAMD), showed 5 cases "fast wash-in and fast wash-out", 4 cases "fast wash-in and slowly wash-out". Seven cases were conformed as RCC, in which 5 were misdiagnosed as RAML, showed 4 cases "fast wash-in and slowly wash-out", 1 cases "simultaneously wash-in and simultaneously wash-out", and 2 were misdiagnosed as renal cyst with no enhancement founded. Four cases misdiagnosed as hematoma were conformed as pyelo-carcinoma, with no enhancement founded in renal pelvis. The remaining 2 cases misdiagnosed as inflammatory pseudotumor were conformed as RCC, showed "fast wash-in and slowly wash-out". Conclusions With the high diagnosis accuracy,CEUS is an important method in diagnosis of renal tumors. Analyzing the misdiagnosed reasons may improve the cognition on CEUS and decrease the misdiagnosis.

Purpose To investigate the value of MRI T2 mapping imaging in diagnosis of lumbar intervertebral disc degenerative (IVDD).Materials and Methods A prospective study was performed on 100 patients who underwent 1.5T MRI examination because of lumbar and back pain from October 2013 to December 2015 at the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai,Fudan University.The MRI examinations included conventional sagittal T1WI and T2WI,axial T2WI and median sagittal T2 mapping imaging.According to Pfirrmann standard,475 lumbar intervertebral discs were graded.T2 values of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) of anteriority and posterior with different grades were measured and compared.The correlations between T2 value,age and grade were further analyzed.30 patients were selected and underwent a second MR examination after half a year,and the difference of T2 values between the two MR examinations were compared.Results Except for grade Ⅳ and grade Ⅴ,the differences of T2 values of NP between the other grades of lumbar intervertebral discs were statistically significant (P＜0.05).T2 values of NP were negatively correlated with the grades (r=-0.77).There were no significant differences in T2 values of NP and AF of anteriority and posterior in 30 patients with back pain between the two MR measurements of half year interval (P＞0.05).Conclusion T2 mapping imaging can quantitatively assess the degree of IVDD,especially T2 values of NP can reflect the differences of IVDD with grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ,so it can provide the imaging evidence for the diagnosis of IVDD.

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates a highly valuable ketocarotenoid, i.e. astaxanthin up to 4%dry weight under stress conditions. Phytoene synthase is considered to be the first rate limiting enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in H. pluvialis. The cDNA and genomic genes of phytoene synthase, i.e. psy from H.pluvialis were cloned and characterized.Result showed that psy had one open reading frame of 1 200 bp encoding a putative polypeptide of 400 amino acids which was interrupted by four introns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that psy from green algae formed a monophyletic clade, and its closer relationship was higher plants. By using genomic walking approach, an approximate 1 kb 5′ flanking region ofpsy gene was cloned and a number of putative cis-regulatory elements were revealed. Fusing a 297 bp internal sequence (-297 to -1 bp from the translation initiation codon ofpsy) with the reporter gene, i.e. lacZ before attemptedintroducing the construct into the green alga via particle bombardment resulted in lacZ transient expression.

Aim To establish an allogenetic mouse skin trans-plant model,in order to provide a research model for immunosup-pressive drugs. Methods Skins from the ears of C57BL/6 mice were transplanted to the back of BALB/c mice and skin isografts ( BALB/c mice to BALB/c mice) were used as control. Cyclos-porin A( CsA) was used as a model compound to test the imm-nosuppresive effect on allogenetic graft rejection. Following the transplation and CsA treatment, the graft rejection score and graft skin survival rate were quantified. Four and nine days after transplantation,serum IL-4,IL-12 and IFN-γ levels were meas-ured using ELISA kits. Twelve days after transplantation, mice were sacrificed. The weight of spleen and thymus was obtained, and CD4 + and CD8 + population of spleenic T cells were ana-lyzed using flow cytometer. Histological features were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin( HE) staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-em-bedded graft skins. Results After transplantion, the graft rejec-tion score increased and graft skin survival rate decreased gradu-allly. Serum IL-12 and IFN-γ levels of allograft mice increased markedly. Compared with those of isograft mice, mice with skin allograft displayed a significant increase in the percentage of the CD8 + T cell subpopulation. Remarkable inflammation, such as edema, inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in allograft mice. Compared with saline treated mice, CsA significantly re-duced the graft rejection score and improved survival rate of skin grafts. And also, CsA treated mice had smaller spleen and thy-mus. Mice that received high doses of CsA had significantly less CD8 + T cells than those treated with saline. Moreover, allograft skins in mice that received CsA had less inflammation. Conclu-sions Allogenetic mouse skin transplantation exhibits acute graft rejection. CsA can inhibit the rejection in a dose dependent manner.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of the clip with the flossmethod during endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric angle cancer. Methods A total of 27 gastric angle lesions diagnosed as early gastric cancer were treated by ESD. They were randomized to two groups, routine ESD group and clip with the flossgroup. The procedure time, complication events, en-block resection rate and complete resection rate were compared between the two groups. Also,the learning time was divided to two stages and the learning curve was studied according to the resected specimen areas per minute. Results The en block rate was 85. 7%(12/14) in the routine ESD group and 100. 0%(13/13) in the clip with the floss group. The procedure time in the clip with the flossgroup was significantly less than that in the routine ESD group (the median time 30 min VS 40 min, P =0. 011) . Perforation and the post operative bleeding did not occur in either group. The ESD learning curving during the first learning period and the mean resected specimen (area/min) in theclip with the floss group were larger than routine ESD group(30±6 mm2/min VS 20±5 mm2/min,P=0. 01). However, no difference presented during the second learning period between the two groups. Conclusion Clip with the flossmethod during endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric angle cancer as a novel procedure is safe, efficacious and worthy to recommend to beginning learners.

OBJECTIVETo study the adverse reaction of Danhong injection with four kinds of methods, central monitoring method, chart review method, literature study method and spontaneous reporting method, and to compare the differences between them, explore an appropriate method to carry out post-marketing safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injection.

METHODSet down the adverse reactions' questionnaire of four kinds of methods, central monitoring method, chart review method, literature study method and collect the information on adverse reactions in a certain period. Danhong injection adverse reaction information from Henan Province spontaneous reporting system was collected with spontaneous reporting method. Carry on data summary and descriptive analysis.

RESULTStudy the adverse reaction of Danhong injection with four methods of central monitoring method, chart review method, literature study method and spontaneous reporting method, the rates of adverse events were 0.993%, 0.336%, 0.515%, 0.067%, respectively. Cyanosis, arrhythmia, hypotension, sweating, erythema, hemorrhage dermatitis, rash, irritability, bleeding gums, toothache, tinnitus, asthma, elevated aminotransferases, constipation, pain are new discovered adverse reactions.

CONCLUSIONThe central monitoring method is the appropriate method to carry out post-marketing safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injection, which could objectively reflect the real world of clinical usage.