Objective To study the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in old patients with negative urine cultures,who were submitted to transurethral prostate resection(TURP).Methods One hundred and twenty old benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) patients with sterile urine were divided into two groups(60 patients in each group) randomly.Antibiotic group received empirical venous antibiotics 4 days postoperative.Control group received 5% glucose saline as placebo.Their postoperative infection-associated parameters were compared.Results There were no significant differences between two groups in bacteriuria and infection-associated complications at the 28th day postoperatively.The ratio of bacteriuria in antibiotic group decreased significantly at postoperative at the 4th day when compared with that of control group.The bacteriuria at postoperative at the 4th day had no specific correlation with the long-term bacteriuria,the clinical observation of bacteremia and urinal tract infection,or the culture of prostatic tissue chip.Conclusions Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the early postoperative bacteriuria for old patients with sterile urine before TURP,but its effectiveness for postoperative infectious complications is debatable.The antibiotics according to empirical validity are not specifically sensitive to the bacteria from various sources.

Objective To evaluate the application value of the rabbit for training the basic skills of urologic laparoscopic surgery . Methods The rabbit models of laparoscopic nephrectomy ,ureteral anastomosis and pyeloureteroplasty were established ;in the self-made simulation training box ,8 clinical doctors without the actual operating experience of laparoscopic surgery participated in 10 rounds of simulation training by taking the 3 operation models .The operation completion time for each time was recorded .The learning curves and the training effects were observed .Results 8 doctors were successfully completed training .The operative time of laparoscopic nephrectomy was declined from (45 .75 ± 6 .88)min at the first time to (30 .75 ± 4 .53)min at the sixth time and (25 .86 ± 3 .31)min at the final time ;the operative time of laparoscopic ureteral anastomosis from (56 .75 ± 7 .13)min at the first time to(43 .00 ± 4 .34)min at the eighth time and(35 .50 ± 4 .04)min at the final time ;the operative time of laparoscopic pyeloureteroplas-tyfrom(77.38±5.34)minatthefirsttimeto(59.13±7.26)minatthefinaltime;thedifferenceswerestatisticallysignificant(P<0 .05) .Furthermore ,the probability of repeated sewing and tearing tissue were significantly decreased on the whole .The controlled stitch length and edge length also were more accurate .The quality and appearance of the complete operation were significantly im-proved .Conclusion Rabbit can be conveniently used to set up the animal models for training laparoscopic nephrectomy ,ureteral an-astomosis and pyeloureteroplasty ,which is suitable for clinical urologic doctors to train the basic operating skills of laparoscopic sur-gery .

BACKGROUND:The whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffold in rats prepared by perfusion method is proved to have goodin vitro biocompatibility, butin vivo biocompatibility is stil unclear. OBJECTIVE:To produce a whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffold in rats by perfusion method and to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility of the scaffold. METHODS:The whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffold in Wistar rats was prepared by perfusion method and evaluated with the folowing tests. (1) Acute toxicity test: mice were subject to intraperitoneal injection of whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffold extract liquid, normal saline and phenol. (2) Hemolytic test: Anticoagulant blood samples from New Zealand rabbits were mixed with whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffold extract liquid, normal saline and distiled water, respectively. (3) Pyrogen test: Whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffold extract liquid was injected into the ear vein of New Zealand rabbits. (4) Intracutaneous stimulation test: Whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffold extract liquid was injected subcutaneously into New Zealand rabbits for observing whether there was a skin stimulus response. (5) Subcutaneous implantation test: The whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffold was implanted subcutaneously into the back of New Zealand rabbits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no cel residual in the whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffold preparedby perfusion method, and no acute systemic toxicity, hemolytic reaction, pyrogen response, and skin stimulus respons, indicating the scaffold has a good histocompatibility in the rabbits. These findings suggest that the whole-kidney acelular matrix scaffolds in Wistar rats prepared by perfusion method have goodin vivo biocompatibility.

Objective To explore the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)in the treatment of chronic pancre-atitis (CP).Methods Thirty patients with CP who underwent ERCP from January 2008 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Serum amylase levels were determined before and at 24 hours after surgery.The reduction in abdominal pain was dynamically evaluated be-fore and after treatment.A follow -up of patients with steatorrhea and anxiety was performed.Regular reexamination using abdominal ima-ging or ERCP was performed to identify pancreatic lesions and conditions of pancreatic duct stents.Results All patients were successfully treated by ERCP and had pancreatic duct stents placed.The remission rate of abdominal pain reached 83.3% at 72 hours after surgery.One patient was assigned to surgery due to insignificant improvement in symptoms,and the case -fatality rate after surgery was 0.Conclusion ERCP is an effective method in the treatment of CP,which has the advantages of being safe,effective,and minimally invasive.

Objective To investigate the clinlic therapeutic result of detenial sigmoid neobladder after radical cystectomy. Methods 50 patients with bladder cancer (41 males and 9 females;age range from 35 to 82 years) were admitted and underwent radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid neobladder. Results All the 50 patients were followed up for a mean of 18.6 months(range from 6 to 29 months).The blood Cr and BUN levels were both in the normal range without acidosis in all the cases.Only 2 had unilateral ureteral urine reflux during cystography.Of the 50 patients 45 cases(90%) achieved continence during daytime;10 cases(20%) were incontinent at night,but 8 of the 10 cases could control urination by being woken up at night.The capacity of the neobladder was 220 to 550 ml with a mean of 350 ml and the maximal pressure of the neobladder during filling was 15 to 55 cmH 2O(1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa) with a mean of 35 cmH 2O. Conclusions As a simple operation the detenial sigmoid neobladder can be performed easily with less complications and more reliable results.This operation may be generally applied in clinical practice.

Objective To report our experience on construction of detenial sigmoid neobladder after laparoscopic radical cystectomy in 71 cases.Methods From August 2002 to May 2006,a total of 71 patients with invasive bladder carcinoma underwent construction of detenial sigmoid neobladder after laparoscopic radical cystectomy in our hospital.After the bladder was excised by laparoscopy,a 5-to 7-cm incision was made on the abdomen to remove the resected tissues,and then a 15-to 20-cm sigmoid colon was resected,the two colic bands opposite to the mesentery and the circular muscle and seromuscular layers between them were removed to construct a detenial sigmoid neobladder.Afterwards,the neobladder was anastomosed with the posterior urethra.Laparoscopic anastomosis was performed in 26 of the cases.Results The operation time was 240-390 min totally in the 71 cases.Laparoscopic radical cystectomy was finished in 80-270 min(mean,180 min),and the open surgery was completed in 160-240 min(mean 140 min).Oral intake was started at day 4-8 postoperation,ureteral stents were removed at week 3-4,and urethral catheter was removed at week 4.Three months after the operation,the mean intra-bladder pressure was 22.0 cm H2O(17-38 cm H2O),average bladder reservoir was 340 ml(200-410 ml),volume of residual urine was less than 25 ml in all the cases(

Objective:To study and sum up the experience of diagnosis and treatment of ureter obstruct by Simplification ureteroscope.Methods:the patients of 750 cases for ureterolith underwent ureteroscopic lithotomy and pressune orbit lithotripsy by using caudal anesthesia in outpatient the 11 cases ureterostensis were treated by watery capus expand,ureteroscopic hard expand and ureterotectomy by using of self-made electrode.Then,transurethral electro incisions of ureterocles were carried out for 2 patients.Results:Successful rate of ureteroscopic lithotomy is 98.4%;12 patient of upper ureter stone received ESWL because of stone entering the renal pelvis,and 3 cases complicated ureteral perforation;11 cases ureterostensis and 7 cases ureterocele were cured.Conclusions:It is frist chosen for ureteroscope to ureteral stone,ureteral stricture,and ureteroceles with a diameter of ≤3cm,and the method have ideal cure effect and the patients will receive.

In order to promote the concept of animal welfare teaching in medical university,this paper introduces animal welfare,3R education and our current status of animal experiments ; taking the practice of animal welfare teaching in southern medical university,focusing on the teaching content,teaching methods,teaching resources development and other aspects of the animal welfare teaching reform.

Bladder tissue engineering includes three components, namely cell scaffold, seeding cells and message factor. Seeding cells is essential to construct tissue engineering organs and is the native material of organ reconstruction. It is important to find a seeding cell which can not only provide excellent biocompatibility, but also can generate enough cells in work of organ reconstruction. At present, there are some commonly used seeding cells, for example, urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells,smooth muscle cells, coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells. Among the total,coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells and mesenchymal stern cells are better than the others. The current problems of seeding cells are as follows: ①The mature cells that have been completely differentiated are limited in source and immunological rejection. ② The mature cells that have been completely differentiated during the differentiated only can generate in the limited passage culture procedure and they will age and die out of the passage maximum; in addition, the dedifferentiation also exists; ③further analysis should focus on the coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells into normal bladder.

Objective To evaluate male bulbourethral sling procedure for the treatment of post prostatectomy urinary incontinence. Methods 7 male patients with severe post prostatectomy incontinence underwent the male bulbourethral sling procedure,the patients being completely incontinent before treatment. Results The patients have been followed up for 14～26 months with a mean of 20.Ideal continence has been achieved in 6 and significantly improved in 1. Conclusions Bulbourethral sling procedure is effective for post radical prostatectomy and intrinsic sphincter deficiency urinary incontinence.