Objective:To investigate the effects of the short-term enriched environment on the spatial learning capacity of middle-aged rats and to figure out if the effects are sex dependent.Methods:14-month old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into enriched group and standard group.Enriched rats were reared in enriched environment and standard rats were reared in standard environment for 4 months prior to the assessment in Morris water maze.Results:Compared with the standard environment, enriched environment could only promote the spatial learning capacity of the middle-aged female rats.The spatial learning capacity of standard male rats was superior to that of the standard females;however,the spatial learning capacity of enriched male rats was equal to that of the enriched females.Conclusion:Short-term enriched environment remarkably improved the spatial learning capacity of middle-aged female rats.The spatial learning capacity of middle-aged male rats was better than female rats,but the plasticity of the brain function in middle-aged female rats may be better than that in male rats.The results in the present study provide an important theoretical basis for the future study that searches for behavioral strategy to postpone the progress of brain aging.

The quality of medical research-oriented postgraduates determines the future of our nation's medical science and public health.And the quality of the military medical research-oriented postgraduates has direct effect on the modernization of the national defense medical science.In this thesis,the current situation and defects of the quality estimation index system of the research-oriented postgraduates in military medical college have been analyzed and constructing an improved quality estimation index system has been proposed.

Objective:To explore the effect of holding a spiny massaging ball intervention in intraoperative management of patients′ pain and anxiety during Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy under local anesthesia.Methods:90 cases of patients undergoing PTED with local anesthesia in our hospital were recruited and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group squeezed a spiny massaging ball during the surgery, and the control group only received routine care. The patients′ pain degree, anxiety degree, satisfaction and Heart rate, blood pressure were measured.Results:The scores of intraoperative pain, anxiety in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group( t=7.858 and 2.260, P<0.05). There were no obvious change in satisfaction( P>0.05). The changes of heart rate and blood pressure in the experimental group were small, compared with the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The intervention of holding a spiny massaging ball can effectively alleviate patients′ pain and anxiety during PTED under local anesthesia, stable patients′ heart rate, blood pressure changes, improve surgical comfort and safety.

Objective To explore the influential factors of hospital management teaching and to apply new plans to improve quality of teaching. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 94 students majored in health management in Xuzhou Medical College to investigate student' learning behavior as well as contents, applying value, procedures, and teaching effects of the course. Data was put in by Epidata 3.02, described and analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Continous variables were ana-lyzed by t test and classified variables were analyzed by X2 test. Results 25.6%(24/94) students were not interested in this course. 61.7%(58/94) students thought that the course was highly correlated with profession. 56.4%(53/94) students thought that the course was valuable. 35.1%(33/94) students thought that the course was not good in combining theory with practice in teaching. 19.1%(18/94) stu-dents thought that the course was deficient in interactive teaching and teaching methods. 62.8%(59/94) students were satisfied with the teaching effect. Conclusions Main influential factors of hospital man-agement teaching are learning interest, curriculum evaluation and teaching evaluation. To improve quality of hospital management teaching, it is necessary to communicate the importance of the course and to apply new teaching plans to arouse the interests of students.

AIM:To investigate the therapeutical effect of Geranium sibirium extract on the patients with low rectal carcinoma,reserving anus reducing complication and increasing survival rate. METHODS:The treatments included extrasomatic radiotherapy near to tumor,intracavity and extracavity microwave diathermy as well as oral administration of Geranium sibirium extract.All the 30 patients were treated. RESULTS:The four-year follow -up showed that except 4 cases had local recurrence and 5 cases had distant metastasis,four-year survival rate and tumor -free survival rate were 86.7%(26/30) and 83%(25/30),respectively. CONCLUSION:With general treatment and low dose radiotherapy ,the therapeutics of reserving anus in low rectal carcinoma may increase survival quality ,reduce complication and recurrence rate.

Objective To evaluate the role of δ receptor in reduction of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury to cardiomyocytes by morphine preconditioning in rats with chronic heart failure.Methods Adult male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing 220-250 g were used in the study.Chronic heart failure was induced by injection of adriamycin 2 mg/kg via the tail vein once a week for 6 weeks.Their hearts were removed 2 weeks after the last injection and the cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured.The cells were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =8 each):control group (group C); H/R group; morphine preconditioning group (group MPC); morphine preconditioning + naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist ) group (group MPC + Naloxone) ; morphine preconditioning + naltrindole ( δ receptor antagonist) group ( MPC + Naltrindole group).The cells were cultured in normal culture atmosphere in group C and were exposed in hypoxic air for 3 h followed by 1 h reoxygenation in the other groups.Morphine preconditioning was performed immediately before hypoxia in group MPC.Naloxone and naltrindole were added before morphine preconditioning in groups MPC + Naloxone and MPC + Natrindole respectively.At 1 h of reoxygenation,the cell viability ( by MTT assay),activities of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) and creatine kinase (CK),and cell apoptosis were detected.The apoptotic rate was calculated.Results The cell viability was significantly lower,and the activities of LDH and CK and apoptotic rate were significantly higher in groups H/R,MPC + Naloxone and MPC + Natrindole than in group C (P ＜ 0.05).The cell viability was significantly higher,and the activities of LDH and CK and apoptotic rate were significantly lower in group MPC than in group H/R ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Morphine preconditioning reduces H/R injury to cardiomyocytes through activating δ receptor in rats with chronic heart failure.

The stody explored the stalus and influential factors of Medical Marketing teaching and made some Droposition to teaching.The results showed that some students were dissatisfied with the teaching style,the curriculum,or the teaching effect,whose proportion was 42.6 percent,22.3 percent,14.3percent respectively.Main influential factors of Medical Marketing teaching were age,learning interest,evaluation to the curriculum and evaluation to the teaching.It was the findings through the study that the status of taaching was presented from two aspects,namely the students disliked the learning of curriculum and the teaching style was monotonous.Therefore it was urgent to develop the teaching reform and to arouse students'interest.

AIM: To detect the changes of autophagy in adipose cells under starvation , and to clarify the effects of autophagy on the cell survival and apoptosis under starvation .METHODS: Rapamycin ( RAP) was applied to promote autophagy of adipose cells .These cells were then incubated under oxygen-glucose deprivation ( OGD) condition. After exposure of the cells to OGD , the changes of autophagy and apoptosis were determined by Western blotting , transmis-sion electron microscopy and TUNEL assay .RESULTS:Compared with the control cells , OGD-challenged cells had much higher level of autophagy .The apoptotic rate in OGD group was much higher than that in control group , which was reflected by increased protein level of activated caspase-3 and percentages of TUNEL positive cells .Preconditioning with RAP effec-tively improved OGD-induced autophagy , but did not affect the cell survival and apoptosis under normal condition , and ob-viously decreased the apoptotic rate of the cells under OGD condition .CONCLUSION:Autophagy protects adipose cells against starvation-induced apoptosis .Promotion of autophagy is helpful for attenuating starvation-induced apoptosis of the cells under OGD condition .

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of temporary loop ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta for control ofintraoperative blood loss in patients with pernicious placenta previa.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 14 patients with pernicious placenta previa,who underwent temporary loop ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta for control of blood loss during cesarean section between July 2013 and December 2014.Results:Eight patients received conservative management to preserve the uterus and 6 patients underwent cesarean hysterectomy.The occlusion time of the abdominal aorta was (31.42±12.67) min.The average estimated intraoperative blood loss was (1 117.85±745.13) mL.The volume of packed red blood cell transfusion was (3.91±3.24) units,and the volume of fresh frozen plasma transfusion was (192.85± 156.71) mL.Post-operative histologic diagnosis revealed 6 cases of placenta percreta,4 of increta,3 of accreta and 1 non-creta.All patients experienced an uneventful postoperative recovery.Conclusion:In patients with pernicious placenta previa,temporary ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta provide a safe and effective means for controlling intraoperative hemorrhage during cesarean section.Additionally,the procedure may provide an opportunity to preserve fertility by avoiding a cesarean hysterectomy.

Objective To approach the effect of bed exercise for patients with intracranial aneurysm undergoing neural interventional treatment. Methods Ninety-six patients with intracranial aneurysm were divided into the test group(50 cases) and control group(46 cases).The control group received routine nursing, while the test group carried out bed exercise base on routine nursing. The incidence of complica-tions and changes of life quality were compared between the 2 groups. Results Lower incidence of com-plications took place in the test group than the control group(P ＜ 0.05).But changes in pulse rate and blood were not significant (P ＞ 0.05).The score of life quality in the physical domain and psychological domainwere not statistically different between the two groups (P ＜ 0.01 ),but no evident difference was seen in the domain of social relationship and environmental domain (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Bed exercise could al-leviated the anxiety and trepidation of patients with intracranial aneurysm,decrease the incidence of compli-cations such as body pain caused by absolute bed rest,thus improve patients' life quality.