Objective To investigate the illness-related stigma in outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and its effects on interaction anxiousness and general self-efficacy.Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB),41 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 29 healthy volunteers were enrolled.Hepatitis-related Stigma Questionnaire (HRSQ) produced by researchers was used to assess stigma in patients of both CHB and CHC.All patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated by Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS),General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).Results Hepatitis-related stigma was common in both CHB and CHC.The most common positive items and their percentages of CHB and CHC were rejection in job seeking (81.2％,75.6％ ), keeping conditions about hepatitis secret (72.9％,75.6％ ),feeling discrimination in society (66.7％,56.1％ ) and rejection in mate selection (60.4％,61.0％ ),and the rarest ones and percentages were feeling lowest stress together with patients with the same disease (35.4％,31.7％ ) and being understood only by patients with the same disease (33.3％,26.8％ ).Differences of positive percentages of any items between CHB and CHC were not statistically significant (P ＞0.05 ).One-way ANOVA showed that difference of IAS scores among three groups of participants was not statistically significant ;and GSES score of CHB(2.41 ± 0.45 )was not statistically different from that of CHC (2.49 ±0.60 ),but they both were lower than that of healthy control (2.78 ± 0.52) (F=4.648,P =0.011 ).The multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the item feeling much different from others of HRSQ entered the formula of CHB IAS score (B =4.861,adjustment R2 =0.106),and the item being understood only by patients with the same disease of HRSQ entered the formula of CHC IAS score (B =6.745,adjustment R2 =0.113);negative coping dimension score of SCSQ ( B =- 0.424),the item feeling discrimination in society ( B =-0.359) and feeling lowest stress together with patients with the same disease ( B =-0.274) entered the formula of CHB GSES score (adjustment R2 =0.280).Conclusion Illness-related stigma is common in outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis,which probably raises patients' interaction anxiousness and weakens the general selfefficacy of patients with hepatitis B and C.

Objective To establish a method to analyze the composition and content of monoses in the garlic polysaccharide by ion chromatography. Methods The monoses in the solution of garlic polysaccharide hydrolysised by trifluoroacetic acid were determined by amino PAC column, eluted by gradient hydroxide sodium and identified by ampere detector (AU as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode). Results The garlic polysaccharide was mainly composed by arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and fructose. Good resolution could be achieved among the above mentioned five kinds of monoses. Their linear correlations over the investigated concentration were above 0.998, while the average recovery rates were in the range of 95%-105%. Conclusion The ion chromatography method is fast, accurate, simple and reliable, and can be applied in the content determination and quality control of garlic polysaccharide.

Background Optic neuritis is one of the common clinical neuro-ophthalmic diseases.Spectraldomain OCT (SD-OCT) is a valuable tool in assessing the thickness changes of retina,while enhanced depth imaging (EDI) OCT can further quantitatively and morphologically evaluate the changes of retina and choroid.The pathological mechanism of optic neuritis is unclear now.Objective This study was to quantitatively measure the retinal and choroidal thickness in early optic neuritis eyes by SD-OCT and EDI OCT.Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out in Tianjin Eye Hospital from July 2015 to May 2016.Twenty eyes of 20 patients with acute optic neuritis were enrolled as optic neuritis group and 22 eyes of 20 healthy subjects with matched age and gender were included in the normal control group.The mean thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choriod in superior,inferior,nasal and temporal quadrants at 3.4 mm around optic disc was measured,and the mean thickness of RNFL,ganglion cell layer (GCL),inner plexiform layer (IPL),inner nuclear layer (INL),outer plexiform layer (OPL),outer nuclear layer (ONL) and photoreceptor layer also was measured by EDI OCT.Pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) and visual field were examined in all the individuals,the correlations of mean defect (MD) with the thickness of RNFL,choroid and the thickness of RNFL,GCL,IPL,INL,OPL,ONL,photoreceptor layer at macular area were evaluated.Results The RNFL thickness values were (424.00±160.30),(428.40±169.83) and (108.15 ±50.66) μm in superior,inferior,nasal quadrants at 3.4 mm arear around optic disc in the optic neuritis group,which were significantly higher than (265.68±26.25),(283.27±52.81) and (72.68± 12.01) μm in the normal control group (t=4.571,3.814,3.190,all at P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference between the two groups (t =0.849,P =0.401),and no significant differences were found in choroidal thickness of 4 quadrants between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).The thickness of RNFL,GCL and IPL at 1 mm area around macula and the thickness of GCL,IPL,INL at 3 mm area around macula were evidently thining in the optic neuritis group compared with the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).The latency of P100 wave was (133.15±11.11) seconds in the optic neuritis group and that in the control group was (94.59 ±4.38) seconds,showing a significnat difference between them (t =15.058,P＜0.05).Positive correlations were found between MD and the RNFL thickess in superior,inferior,nasal quadrants at 3.4 mm arear around optic disc (r =0.649,0.649,0.635,all at P＜0.05),however,no evidentlylinear correlations were found between MD and choroidal thickness in 4 quadrands (r =-0.120,-0.102,-0.415,0.120,all at P＞0.05),and the thickness of RNFL,GCL,IPL,INL,OPL,ONL,photoreceptor layer at macular area was significantly linear correlated with MD.Conclusions EDI OCT can reflect the RNFL edema around optic disc and thining of various layers of retina at macular area in acuter optic neuritis eyes,however,the choroidal thickess is unchanged.EDI OCT is a useful tool in quantitative evaluation of retinal and choroidal thickness of early optic neuritis.

Objective To study the clinical significance of lung function and allergen detection in the diagnosis of cough variant asthma (CVA) in children. Method Forty-three cases of chronic cough in children with bronchial provocation (diastolic) test and skin prick allergy test results were analyzed, CVA group was 23 cases and control group was 20 cases. Results The positive of bronchial provocation (diastolic) test in CVA group was 19 cases, significantly higher than that in control group (3 cases, χ2=14.745, P ＜ 0.01 ).The positive of skin prick allergy test in CVA group was 17 cases , significantly higher than that in control group (5 cases, χ2 = 10.243,P ＜0.05). The correlation analysis showed that bronchial provocation (diastolic) test and skin prick allergy test was significantly correlated (r =0.404,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion Bronchial provocation (diastolic) test has an important role in the diagnosis of CVA; skin prick allergy test has a supporting role on the CVA diagnosis;allergens affect on lung function, bronchial provocation (diastolic) test with the help of skin prick allergy test in children with cough variant asthma diagnosis.

Objective To compare the consistency and difference of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and traditional multimodal fundus imaging in the diagnosis and activity evaluation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods A total of 112 exudative AMD patients (130 eyes) were included in this retrospective study, 62 were men (71 eyes) and 50 were women (59 eyes). The mean age was (68.250±9.789) years (range 50–91 years). All patients were underwent traditional multimodal fundus imaging including fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT);OCTA was performed at the same time. The CNV type was divided into active and non-active according to the results of traditional multimodal fundus imaging. The vascular pattern was divided into active and non-active according to the results of OCTA. Using traditional multimodal fundus imaging as the standard, the sensitivity and specialty of OCTA was evaluated. Results In 130 eyes, CNV was visualized on traditional multimodal fundus imaging in 109 eyes (83.8%);CNV was visualized on OCTA in 103 eyes (79.2%), which including 7 eyes of false negative and 1 eye of false positive. The sensitivity of OCTA for CNV diagnosis was 93.6%, with specificity of 95.2%. The CNV detection rate between two methods had no significant difference (Youden index=0.89, Kappa value=0.796, P=0.07). In 109 eyes diagnosed with CNV by traditional multimodal fundus imaging, 73 eyes (67.0%) were active CNV and 36 eyes (33.0%) were non-active CNV;the vascular pattern was active in 60 eyes (55.0%) and non-active in 49 eyes (45.0%). The sensitivity of OCTA for the detection of active CNV was 82.2%, with specificity of 100.0%. The active CNV detection rate between two methods had no significant difference (Youden index=0.82, Kappa value=0.753, P=0.00). Conclusion In the diagnosis and activity evaluation of CNV in exudative AMD, there is remarkable consistency between OCTA and traditional multimodal fundus imaging.

Objective:To evaluate the measurement uncertainty in the determination of sodium valproate tablets by GC with an in -ternal standard method , and determine the main sources of uncertainty .Methods:A GC internal standard method was selected to sys-tematically analyze the uncertainty in the determination of sodium valproate tablets , including the sample quantity , dilution ratio, purity and area repeatability of chromatographic peaks .Results: The expanded uncertainty of sodium valproate tablets was 2.7%, and the determination range of sodium valproate tablets was (96.3 ±2.7)%(k=2).Conclusion:The established GC internal standard meth-od for the uncertainty evaluation is reliable , which is helpful to improving the quality evaluation and control of sodium valproate tablets .

BACKGROUND:Extensive research has been concentrated on the reconstruction of periodontium under orthodontic force. However, there are no reports regarding the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in rat periodontium during orthodontic tooth movement. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of HSP70 in rat periodontium during orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS:Rat orthodontic tooth movement models were established using NiTi extension spring with the force of 50 g. The orthodontic periodontium was col ected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after exerting force to detect the expression of HSP70. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:According to immunofluorescence staining, the expression of HSP70 in the periodontal tissues was increased on day 1 after exerting force, and reached the highest level on day 5, then decreased to the initial level on day 14. These results suggest that the expression of HSP70 is evoked by orthodontic force, and it may play a role in periodontal remodeling.

Objective: To establish a GC method for the determination of content and content uniformity of memantine hydrochloride dispersible tablets.Methods: The sample was dissolved in water, alkalified by sodium hydroxide solution and extracted by methylene chloride.An HP-5 gas chromatography column (50 m×0.32 mm, 1.05 μm) was used.The column temperature was programming increased, and the initial temperature maintained at 120 ℃ for 3 min, and then raised to 220 ℃ at a rate of 10℃·min-1 and maintained for 7 min.A hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) was used and the split ratio was 1∶1.The inlet temperature was 230 ℃ and the detector temperature was 260 ℃.The injection volume was 1 μl and the carrier gas was nitrogen with high purity at a flow rate of 3.0 ml·min-1.Adamantane was used as the internal standard, and the internal standard method was used for the calculation.Results: The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.05-1.0 mg·ml -1 (r=0.999 7).The detection limit and the limit of quantification was 1.1 ng and 3.3 ng, respectively.The average recovery was 100.2% (RSD =0.73%, n=9).Conclusion: The method has the advantages of simple operation, small extraction process toxicity, little environmental pollution, high accuracy and high specificity, and can be used for the determination of content and content uniformity of memantine hydrochloride dispersible tablets.

BACKGROUND: A large number of cytokines produce in the periodontium on the tension side during orthodontic tooth movement, participate in periodontal remodeling, and make the tooth move to its normal position, thus achieving alveolar remodeling. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is reported to be involved in the periodontal remodeling. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of HSP27 in the rat periodontium on the tension side during the orthodontic tooth movement.METHODS: The rat models of orthodontic tooth movement were constructed using NiTi coil spring with the force value of 50 g. The periodontal samples were collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after exerting force to detect the expression level of HSP27 in the periodontium on the tension side.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunofluorescence staining results revealed that the expression level of HSP27 in the periodontal tissues began to increase at the 1st day after exerting force, reached the highest level at the 3rd day, and then fell to the initial level at the 5th day. To conclude, HSP27 is evoked by orthodontic force early, and it may play a role in periodontal remodeling.