Malignant tumors are highly heterogeneous in terms of molecular phenotypes such that personalized therapy will be-come the standard for tumor therapy. Molecular classifications of cancer based on differences in biological behavior are important for selecting treatment strategies and prognostication. The unique optical and chemical properties of quantum dots have been widely used in biomedical applications such as tumor diagnosis, monitoring, pathogenesis, treatment, molecular pathology, and heterogeneity based on biological markers. In this study, we discuss the application of quantum dot-based nanotechnology and the molecular classification of cancer in personalized oncology.

Gallstone ileus is a rare mechanical ileus,which was caused by discharge of giant gall bladder stone to the intestine.Understanding the causes of ileus is the key factor for treatment,and surgical treatment is the treatment of choice.An old patient with gallstone ileus was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in April 2013.Preoperative X ray detection and computed tomography showed gallbladder wall thickening,formation of a sinus tract between the gall bladder and the duodenum,and intestinal ileus in the left iliac region (the diameter of the stone was about 4 cm).The patient received medical treatment for 3 days and then exploratory laparotomy + lithotomy.Gall bladder stones were not detected during the operation,so the gall bladder was preserved.The patient was followed up till December 2013,the sinus tract was disappeared under B sonography,and the cholecystitis was cured.

Objective To detect the expression of multidrug resistance proteins P-gp, LRP, MRP, and analyze the relationship between them and the clinicopathological factors. Methods The expression of P-gp,LRP, MRP in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections was determined by a labelled StreptavidinPeroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical technique, and the results were analyzed in correlation with clinicopathological data. None of these patients received chemotherapy prior to surgery. Results The positive rates of P-gp, LRP, MRP were 86.4 %, 84.7 % and 27.1%, respectively. The difference between the positive rate of P-gp and MRP was significant statistically, as well as the difference between the expression of MRP and LRP. No significant difference was observed between P-gp and LRP, but the positively correlation between the expression of P-gp and LRP was observed. No significant correlation between the expression of P-gp, LRP, MRP and the grade of differentiation were observed. The expression of P-gp was correlated with clinical stages positively (r=0.742), but the difference with the expression of P-gp in different stages was not significant. Conclusion The expression of P-gp, LRP, MRP in patients with gastric cancer without prior chemotherapy are high and indicates that innate drug resistance may exist in gastric cancer.