Objective To study the mechanism of Qingre Huashi Yiqi Huoxue Formulae (Formulae for clearing heat,dissolving damp,reinforcing qi and activating blood) for H.pylori associated gastric diseases. Methods The 70 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 7 groups with 10 in each:normal group,model group,Chinese medicine high,medium and low dosage groups,western medicine group,and the combination of Chinese and western medicine group. Ampicillin combined with H.pylori gavage was adopted to produce H.pylori infected models. Four weeks later,all the groups were given correspondent treatment. The morphological and pathological changes of the gastric mucosa and the colonization of H.pylori in the gastric mucosa were observed after 2 weeks. ResultsThe Chinese medicine high and medium dosage groups and the combination of Chinese and western medicine group had a better effect in clearing H.pylori (P0.05). The Chinese medicine high and medium dosage groups,western medicine group,and the combination of Chinese and western medicine group had a significant morphological changes (P

OBJECTIVE： To determine the concentration of fentanyl in human plasma by HPLC with ultraviolet detection METHODS： External standard method was used The eluation of fentanyl was carried out by shim－ Pack CLC－ ODS（ 6 0mm× 150mm， 5μ m） column with 0 015mol/L NaH2PO4 acetonitril－ H2O（ 30∶ 70， v/v） as the mobile phase， and detection wavelength was 195nm RESULTS： Calibration curve for fentanyl was linear in the range of 2 0～ 100ng/ml（ r=0 999）  The detection limit was 1 0ng/ml The within－ day RSD was （ 6 50± 2 79） ％ ， the between－ day RSD Was （ 6 70± 3 04） ％  The method recovery was （ 91 70± 4 70） ％  The extraction recovery was （ 97 38± 3 69） ％  CONCLUSION： This method was quick and accurate for the determination of fentanyl in human plasma and useful for pharmakinetic study of fentanyl

Scutellarin is the main effective constituent of breviscapine, a flavonoid mixture isolated from the dried whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, and valsartan is used as an antihypertensive drug. These two drugs have already been clinically used together to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) in China, and the combined medications showed some enhanced protection against DN. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between scutellarin and valsartan in rats. Breviscapine injection (20 mg x kg(-1), i.v.) and valsartan (15 mg x kg-, i.g.), either alone or together were given to 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Concentrations of scutellarin and valsartan were quantified by HPLC, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental methods. We found that the pharmacokinetic parameters of scutellarin altered significantly after co-administration of oral valsartan. The plasma clearance (CL(p)) and the bile clearance (CL(b)) of scutellarin were reduced significantly in the presence of valsartan. After oral administration of valsartan with or without intravenous scutellarin, however, the pharmacokinetic parameters of valsartan were comparable. In conclusion, our data suggests that the concurrent use of valsartan reduces the biliary excretion of scutellarin, and this may be due to the inhibitory effect of valsartan on the biliary excretion of scutellarin mediated by Mrp2 (Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2).

Objective To study the effects of vitamin A deficiency(VAD)and its supplementation on the skeletal growth in rats.Methods Eighteen female Wistar rats were randomly divided into VAD(Vit A 400 IU/kg diet,n=3),supplement(n=9)and control groups(normal diet Vit A 6 500 IU/kg,n=6).The supplement groups were randomly divided into 3 sub-groups,and their diet was changed to Vit A 6 500 IU/kg diet from 14 d after pregnancy,0 d and 4 weeks after birth respectively until they were 7 weeks age old.When they were 0 day,4 and 7 weeks old,their body weight,the length of the tibia,serum Vit A level were measured,and the histology of growth plate was also observed.Results At every measuring times,the serum Vit A level was significantly lower,and the tibial length was shorter in VAD group than in the control(P

Objective:To study the effects of marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD) on the hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) in young rats. Methods:Six female rats were divided into two groups at random, three in MVAD group, three in control group. The rats were fed VA deficient diet (400IU VA/kg) and VA sufficient diet (6 500IU VA/kg) respectively since 3 w before coitus. Serum VA was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The young rats were killed at D49. The hippocampal CA1 LTP was detected by electrophysiological technique and the ultrastructure of synapses was observed by electron microscope. Results:The changes of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) slope (25.4%?2.01%) in MVAD young rats aged 7 weeks were much lower than that in control group (57.5%?8.63%). The changes of slope of fEPSP induced by MVAD in young rats could be replenished after adding retinoic acid (P0.05). The curvature in synaptic interface of MVAD group was less than that of the MVAD supplemented RA group and the control. Conclusion:MVAD during embryonic and early postnatal period can directly impair the hippocampal CA1 LTP of young rats.

BACKGROUND: The repair of articular cartilage defect is always a problem that is dedicatedly solved by doctors of orthopaedics. Autologous perichondrium, periosteum or allografting of cartilage have been used previously; however, the source of the donor is limited, the fixation is difficult as well as the occurrence of endochondrial ossification and delamination between the inferior cartilage and reparative cartilage, etc. Type Ⅱ collagen, the main component of cartilage matrix, has certain effects in the repair of articular cartilage defect.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of type Ⅱ collagen sponge filling on the repair of articular cartilage defect.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING and MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery. Materials were 24 adult male purebred New Zealand Rabbits(48 knees), ordinary grade, with a body mass of (2.29 ±0. 25) kg. Animals were fed with standard feeding in separate cage.INTERVENTIONS: A full-thickness defect in articular cartilage was made on the femoral trochlear surface by a drill of 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth. Rabbits were allocated into filling group(type Ⅱ collagen sponge was grafted into left keen joint defect) and control group(right knee joint defect site was set as control) according to random number table.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gross morphological and histological observation of the defect repair in each dual week within 12 weeks after operation.RESULTS: During 10 - 12 weeks, in cuntrol group: The defect area was repaired by white and soft tissue that had no resistance to press. The repaired tissue was still lower than the surrounding articular surface with clear boundary. By histological observation, it was found that the defect was repaired by the mechanism similar to inflammatory reaction and the defect is ultimately filled by the hyperplasia of hyaline degenerative fibrous tissues. In filling group: the defect was repaired by semi-transparent, smooth, textured tissues with polish that had resistance to press as well as elasticity. The repaired tissue was almost similar to the shape of the surrounding cartilage,difficult to be distinguished. After histological observation, it was found that there was no inflammatory reaction, but active hyperplasia of inner bonetissue and cartilage tissues; a lot of osteoid tissues and trabeculation were found. Newlborn cartilage was fused with surrounding cartilage tissue and connected with surrounding tissues. Type Ⅱ collagen had significantly promoting effects in the repair of articular cartilage defect, and the repaired cartilage was close to normal cartilage. CONCLUSION: The self-made high purity type Ⅱ collagen sponge has favorable promoting effects in the repair of articular cartilage defect with good histocompatibility but without obvious toxic side effect.

Here we reported a research project based on Black-board to integrate medical curriculum .The key points of this research is application of clinical cases as teaching data and facilitate learning of knowledge following the principle of learning by doing and , input the concept of precision medicine and informatics in learning process with an individually designed framework of learning .The learning outcome is evaluated with big data tech-nology and thus creates a student-centered pathway of medical education .

Objective To investigate the status of invasive fungal infection(IFI)associated with hematopathy,and evaluate drug resistance and risk factors of fungal infection.Methods 1 246 cases of infection occurred in patients in a hospital from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively,pathogenic features and risk factors of IFI were ana-lyzed.Results There were 281 cases of fungal infection,and 162 fungal isolates were isolated,the main infection site was respiratory tract(134 isolates,82.72%).Four major Candida were Candida albicans ,Candida tropicalis , Candida glabrata ,and Candida krusei ;in 2006-2009,the main fungi were Candida albicans ,while in 2010,the majority were non-Candida albicans .The resistant rates of four isolated Candida to fluconazole and itraconazole were 5.15% and 4.41 % respectively,6 isolated Candida krusei strains were all resistant to both fluconazole and itraconazole,voriconazole-resistant strain was not found.The independent risk factors for fungal infection were dia-betes and duration time of agranulocytosis>14 days.Conclusion The proportion of infection caused by non-Candi-da albicans increased obviously,fluconazole-and itraconazole-resistant non-Candida albicans strains have emerged, comprehensive measures should be adopted to prevent IFI actively and treat patients early.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the video of head-eye movement training in vestibular rehabilitation.METHODS 37 patients aged between 30 and 76 years old with vestibular dysfunction underwent two weeks of rehabilitation with the video of head-eye movement training. The results of dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), dizziness analogue scale, and the Romberg static balance tests were recorded before and after the rehabilitation.RESULTS After the rehabilitation, there was significant decrease in the scores of DHI and dizziness analog scale(allP>0.001), and there was significant improvement in the time of Romberg static balance tests(P>0.001).CONCLUSION The video of head-eye movement training is an effective method in vestibular rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A deficiency disorders (VADD) is a healthy problem of children in the world, especially in the west of China and remote areas, and the nutritional intervention is needed.OBJECTIVE: To compare the improved effects of biscuits fortified with three different doses of vitamin A on the vitamin A status in children aged 3-6 years and explore ap ideal dose of vitamin A supplement for preventing VADD.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Health Surveillance Institute, Chongqing Municipal Health Bureau; Staff Room of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences; Center for Children Nutrition, Children's Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: The investigation was done between March and December 2002. 753 children aged 3-6 years from 8 kindergartens in Banan district of Chongqing city were enrolled with the agreement of their guardians. They were divided randomly into 4 groups: 30% recommended intake group, 100% recommended intake group, 20 000 international unit (IU) and 200 000 IU groups.METHODS: ① The biscuits fortified with 30% recommended intake of vitamin A (500 IU) were once given to people of the 30% recommended intake group (177 cases) every day. ②The biscuits fortified with 100% recommended intake of vitamin A (1666 IU) were once given to people of the 100% recommended intake group (173 cases) every day. ③The biscuits fortified with 20 000 IU of vitamin A were once given to people of the 20 000 IU group (209 cases) every week. ④The soft gelatin capsule with 200 000 IU of vitamin A were once given to people of the 200 000 IU group (194 cases).Height, body mass, serum retinal, prealbumin, haematoglobin and retinal binding protein of all children were measured before intervention and after intervention for 3 months. Above indexes were rechecked after supplement for 9 months in 87 children of 30% recommended intake groupMAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Prevalence rate of VADD before in-tervention and after intervention for 3 months in children of every group.② Serum retinal, serum prealbumin, serum retinal binding protein,haematoglobin, height and body mass of children before intervention and after interventional for 3 months in every group.RESULTS: Because of lose of samples and detective technology, only 580 children' examination results were got by rechecking. ①Comparison of the prevalence rate of VADD of children in every group: Three months supplementation later, the prevalence of VADD in every group all decreased sig nificantly [1.48%,1.42%,1.21%, 2.16% ;6.78%,6.54%,8.61%,8.25%(χ2=3.86-8.57, P ＜ 0.05-0.01 )]. ②Comparison of serum retinal, serum prealbumin, serum retinal binding protein, haematoglobin, height and body mass of children of every group: After supplement for 3 months, except prealbumin and haematoglobin in the 30% recommended intake group ,other indexes in each group all increased significantly (t=2.52-37.44, P＜ 0.05-0.01 ). The increase of serum vitamin A in the 20 000 IU group was larger than that in the other groups (F=4.62,P＜ 0.01 ). The increases of haematoglobin, prealbumin and height in the 30% recommended intake group were less than those in the other groups (F=5.04-7.78 ,P ＜ 0.01 ).After supplement for 9 months, the increases of haematoglobin and prealbumin in the 30% recommended intake group were larger than those in the other groups (F= 11.62,10.21 ,P ＜ 0.01). The increase of serum retinal was still lower than that in the 20 000 IU group (F=4.21 ,P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Supplement with biscuits fortified with 3 different doses of vitamin A and capsule with 200 000 IU of vitamin A can improve obviously the nourished status of vitamin A and the level of ferrohemoglobin, in which 30% recommended intake and 100% recommended intake have small risk, and everyday supplement can maintain stably the level of vitamin A. That may be suitable for the long-term supplement for children, and the effect of 30% recommended intake was better than that of 100% recommended intake.