[Objective]To investigate the feasibility of the fabrication of tissue-engineered anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in vitro by studying biocompatibility and mechanical property of the braided polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)materials.[Method]Firstly,human ACL cells and NIH3T3 cells were isolated,expanded in vitro and seeded onto the surface of the braided PVA scaffold materials,the adhesion,proliferation and three-dimensional growth of cells on the scaffold were observed by SEM.Secondly,the biomechanical properties of the braided PVA scaffold materials were measured with electro-biomechanical machine.[Result]The braided PVA scaffold materials had no cytotoxicity,ACL and NIH3T3 cells adhered,grew and proliferated well both on the surface and in the holes of the braided PVA scaffold materials.The maximum load,the maximum strain and ultimate tensile stress of the braided PVA scaffold materials respectively were 169.78?9.18N,11.67?1.38% and 52.21?2.88MPa.[Conclusion]The braided PVA scaffold materials possess good biomechanical properties and biocompatibility,it may become an ideal biomaterial for fabricating tissue-engineering ACL if the biomechanical properties can be improved.

Objective To discuss the application of cybernetics in hemodialysis nursing. Methods Cybernetics was applied to the standardized nursing quality management in 35 hemodialysis patients, namely to establish hemodialysis standard, weight the executive condition, correct deviation.The feed-forward control was emphasized in combination with the feedback control forming the feed forward-feedback control sys-tern in order to tighten the effect of the control. The dialysis indices before and after the intervention was compared. Results The average hematocfit and urea reduction rate greatly increased after cybernetics was applied to the standardized nursing quality management in 35 hemodialysis patients, but no change was seen in urea elimination index after the intervention. Conclusions Nursing quality can be enhanced by the application of cybernetics in hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) displays limitation to cell adsorbability. Can collagen improve the adsorbability of PVA to cells?OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel type composite of PVA and collagen, and explore the feasibility to serve as soft tissue substitute.DESIGN: Single sample observation.SETTING: Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery.MATERIALS: Fifteen New Zealand rabbits of 2.0-3.0 kg, either male or female, were provided by Medical Experimental Animal Center of Guangdong Province. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, and the experimental procedure was accorded with the animal ethical standards. Bovine typeI collagen was purchased from Guangzhou Trauer Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and PVA-124 from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent and Instrumentation Co., Ltd.METHODS: The experiment was performed in Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University Medical College between July 2003 and December 2006. ①Preparation of PVA-collagen material: 5 g/L bovine type I collagen was mixed with 5% PVA-124 at a ratio of 1 : 1. The mixture was freeze-dried at vacuum until becoming gelatinous. The internal structure was observed under the use of scanning electron microscope. ②Cytotoxicity test: PVA-collagen composite was cut into pieces of 10 mm×5 mm× 1 mm, put into 48-well culture plate after sterilized by Y ray, cultured with 1×104 3T3 cells in each well. Cell growth was observed under scanning electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope. ③Embedding test in vivo: Two longitudinal incisions were cut at the two sides of spine. The subcutaneous tissue was separated bluntly to form subcutaneous lacuna. Four pieces of PVA-collagen material were implanted in the lacuna and fixed. Nine specimens and the surrounding tissues were harvested from three rabbits each at one, four, eight and sixteen weeks postoperatively for pathological observation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The internal structure of gel film under scanning electron microscope, cytotoxicity test and embedding test in vivo results.RESULTS: ①Internal structure of PVA-collagen material:PVA-collagen material showed white gel shape after freeze-drying at vacuum. Penetrating three-dimensional pores were observed in the surface and inner section under scanning electron microscope. ②Cytotoxicity test results showed that 3T3 cells grew normally on the PVA-collagen material. ? Embedding test in vivo results suggested that one week after PVA-collagen implantation, foreign body reaction occurred, and the interface between material and tissue was clear. Four weeks later, only rare lymphocyte infiltration was observed, and a great amount of fibroblast hyperplasia formed collagen fibrils and false simple cuboidal epithelium coating material. In 8 weeks, no lymphocyte infiltration, neutrophilic granulocyte infiltration or foreign body giant cell were found; dense capsule wall and capsule coating material generated from a great amount of fibroblasts were observed. In 16 weeks, extending collagen fibrils were found arranged regularly with shrank nucleus, showing long ovoid or long fusiform in shape; no new formation small vessels, lymphocyte, neutrophilic granulocyte infiltration or foreign body giant cell infiltration were observed. The capsule wall was stable and thinned. CONCLUSION: PVA-collagen composite has good cell compatibility and tissue compatibility but no toxic or adverse effect. It can serve as in vivo implant.

Objective To discuss the allocation of oral medical resource in west area of Chongqing,and investigate the caries prevalence in these population.Methods Study samples was raised with the multistage stratified random cluster sampling method,then data was analyzed to compare the allocation of oral medical.Resource,awareness degree on oral health and caries prevalence in each age grade between urban and rural area.Results In west area of Chongqing,the allocation of oral medical resource and awareness degree on oral health were better in urban area than those in rural area.In each age grade,the caries prevalence is higher in rural area,when compared with that in urban area.In addition,the caries prevalence of 5 years old group and 12 years old group is the same between male and female in both urban area and rural area (P＞0.05).Nevertheless,in 35-44 years old and 65-74 years old group,the caries prevalence was higher in female compared with male in both urban area and rural area (P＜0.05).Conclusion In west area of chongqing,the rural allocation of oral medical resource is bad and needs improvement,the awareness of oral hygiene is weak among population of rural area.In west area of Chongqing,women in 35-44 years and 65-74 years old should pay more attention to caries prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the status of invasive fungal infection(IFI)associated with hematopathy,and evaluate drug resistance and risk factors of fungal infection.Methods 1 246 cases of infection occurred in patients in a hospital from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively,pathogenic features and risk factors of IFI were ana-lyzed.Results There were 281 cases of fungal infection,and 162 fungal isolates were isolated,the main infection site was respiratory tract(134 isolates,82.72%).Four major Candida were Candida albicans ,Candida tropicalis , Candida glabrata ,and Candida krusei ;in 2006-2009,the main fungi were Candida albicans ,while in 2010,the majority were non-Candida albicans .The resistant rates of four isolated Candida to fluconazole and itraconazole were 5.15% and 4.41 % respectively,6 isolated Candida krusei strains were all resistant to both fluconazole and itraconazole,voriconazole-resistant strain was not found.The independent risk factors for fungal infection were dia-betes and duration time of agranulocytosis>14 days.Conclusion The proportion of infection caused by non-Candi-da albicans increased obviously,fluconazole-and itraconazole-resistant non-Candida albicans strains have emerged, comprehensive measures should be adopted to prevent IFI actively and treat patients early.

Objective To analyze the fetus chromosome abnormalities in women with advanced maternal age under the universal two-child policy. Methods A total of 10607 women underwent prenatal diagnosis proce-dures from the year of 2015 to 2016,among which 3569 cases were with advanced maternal age. Cytogenetic karyotyping was conducted with chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA)in 854 cases. The ration of chromosome abnormalities in the two population groups(aged from 35~39 and over 40)were counted. The type of abnormali-ties were also analyzed. Results The ration of women with advanced maternal age in 10607 cases underwent pre-natal diagnosis between 2015 and 2016 was 33.6%. The respective rations were 27.2%and 37.9%. The detection rates of chromosome abnormalities were 7.9% and 10.8%,with significantly difference. The significant differences were also found in the detection rate of chromosome aneuploidies ,but no differences in other chromosome abnor- malities. CMA was benefit to detect the micro chromosome abnormalities. Conclusions In 2016,the number of prenatal diagnosis procedures increased under the two-child policy. The detection rate of chromosome abnormalities also significantly increased. The incidence of chromosome abnormalities was higher with the growing age of preg-nant women. Genetic counseling must be presented and prenatal diagnosis should be promoted in women with ad-vanced age.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the modified nerve-sparing open antegrade retropubic radical prostatectomy (MNS-ORP).Methods MNS-ORPs were performed in 30 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.The modified technique included: endopelvic fascia was not incised, the prostate capsule was freed laterally from surrounding fasciae and dorsally;using the method of separating the peripheral fascia of the prostate, the Veil technique was applied to the open operation, that is, the modified Veil perserving nerve technology;pelvic lymph node dissections (9 regions and 5 groups) were extended;bladder neck preservation was completed;deep dorsal vein complex was bunched;jumper intussusception technology was applied for bladder and urethral anastomosis.Functional outcomes of continence and sexual function (IIEF-score) were followed-up.Results Median age of patients was 62 years old, and the level of PSA was 11.9 ng/ml.Median operating time was 150 minutes (75-240 minutes), blood loss was 350 ml (100-1 600 ml), preoperative IIEF-score was 21 scores (15-25 scores).Pathologic stage included pT1 (8 cases), pT2a (15 cases), pT2b (4 cases) and pT3a (3 cases).By Gleason score, there were 2 cases of 5 scores, 7 cases of 6 scores, 20 cases of 7 scores and 1 case of 8 scores.4 cases had positive margins including 2 cases (10.5 ％) of pT2 and 2 cases (67 ％) of pT3.There were no postoperative complications.Mean follow-up was 19 months (6-48 months).At the 1st month, 27 patients (90 ％) got full continence, and at the 3rd month, all of the patients had full continence.At the 3rd month and the 6th month, median IIEF-scores were 13 and 19 scores, respectively with baseline of IIEF-score reaching by 40 ％ (at the 3rd month) and 70 ％ (at the 6th month) of preoperative level.Conclusions MNS-ORP follows rationales of radical prostatectomy and might be considered for selected patients.Preserving all periprostatic fasciae/nerves can recover early continence and maintains potency without affecting outcomes.

Objective: To explore the use of personal audio devices and hearing impairment among high school students, so as to provide reference for the development of adolescent hearing health work. Methods: The simple random sampling method was used to collect research data relating to 1 768 high school students. The situation of personal audio players, headphone and hearing damage were investigated by using a self designed questionnaire, so as to identify the related factors of hearing impairment which were analyzed statistically by multivariate Logistic regression. Results: The use rate of PAP and earphones was 98.64% and 94.12 %, respectively, and the use rate of female students(99.68%, 96.42%) was higher than that of male students(97.43%, 91.43 %)( χ 2=16.69, 19.79, P <0.01). Hearing impairment accounted for 13.35%. The Logistic regression analysis showed that PAP service years ( OR =1.59, P <0.05) were related to hearing impairment. Gender ( OR =0.60), in ear earphones ( OR =1.38), earplug earphones ( OR =1.37), and quiet use >1 h ( OR =1.50) were independently influenced with symptoms of hearing impairment during/after earphone use( P <0.05). Conclusion High usage rates of personal audio equipment among high school students lead to hearing impairment and related symptoms. Non essential use should be reduced.

Objective To analyze oncological outcomes of 125I permanent implant brachytherapy (125I-PIB) in clinically localized prostate cancer. Methods Between June 2008 and June 2015, 121 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with 125I-PIB, and their average age was 72.37 years old. Before treatment, the average prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 17.7 ng/ml, prostate volume was (51.4 ±15.0) cm3, the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score was (21.6 ±2.4) scores. The intermediate-risk and high-risk patients were treated with adjuvant endocrine or supplemental external beam radiotherapy. All patients were followed-up. Biochemical recurrence was defined as the PSA nadir plus 2.0 ng/ml. Results Average follow-up time of the 121 patients was 41.81 months. The prostate volume was (23.1 ± 10.2) cm3, and the IPSS score was (9.7±3.3) scores. Rates of 5-year overall survival, biochemical recurrence-free survival and cancer-specific survival were 86.7 %, 76.7 % and 96.5 %, respectively. 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 88.5 %, 67.5 % and 65.2 % in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. Biochemical recurrence-free survival did not differ significantly by three risk groups (P=0.103), but the difference between high-risk and low-risk groups was statistically significant (P=0.028). According to multivariate analysis, higher prostate-specific antigen (P=0.021), higher Gleason score (P=0.023) and higher clinical T stage (P=0.037) were the significant covariates associated with biochemical recurrence-free survival. The addition of hormonal therapy or external beam radiation therapy was associated with significantly better outcomes than brachytherapy monotherapy (P=0.036, P=0.027). As for complications, there were 4 cases of surgery (trans-urethral resection of the prostate) and 4 cases of cardiovascular complications. Conclusions The 125I-PIB can bring excellent oncological outcomes and acceptable complications in patients. Adjuvant endocrine or external beam radiotherapy for the intermediate-risk and high-risk patients may improve the outcome. Factors influencing efficacy include the high PSA, Gleason score and clinical T stage.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 1-stage urethroplasty using pedicle circular fascioctaneous preputial flap for the treatment of complex anterior urthral strictures.Methods Between January 2006 and January 2013, 37 patients with complex anterior urethral stricture were treated by 1-stage urethroplasty using pedicle circular fascioctaneous preputial flap.The mean age was 41 years ( 22 -71 years) .The etiology of stricture included trauma of 13 cases, iatrogenieity of 13 cases, gonorrhea infection of 2 cases, unknown reason of 9 cases.The penile urethral stricture was found in 22 cases, the bulbourethral stricture in 9 cases, and stricture extending from penile to posterior urethra in 6 cases.The mean length of anterior urethral stricture was 8.1 cm (range 5.0-14.0 cm).A circumferential island of the preputial/distal penile skin was mobilized by the technique of preserving penile fasciocutaneous wide vascular pedicle. The pedicle is composed of two layers of the dartos and the superficial lamella of Buck′s fascia, and the flap was divided in the midventral/middorsal plane back to the penoscrotal junction to convert the circular configuration to a longitudinal trip for urethral reconstruction.The dorsal and ventral inlaid flap urethroplasty was performed in 27 cases and tubularized flap urethroplasty was performed in 10 cases.Results The mean operative duration was 3.1 h (2.5-3.5 h).The mean length of the circular fascioctaneous preputial flap was 10.4 cm (range 9.0 -14.0 cm).All the patients were followed up for mean 22 months (3 -51 months).Thirty-two cases voided well and the mean peak urinary flow rate was 22.3 ml/s (15.0-29.0 ml/s).One-stage healing achieved in 32 cases (86.5%).Recurrent stenosis was noted in 4 cases, and meatal stenosis occurred in 1 patient, who required re-operation.Re-repair succeeded in 4 cases and total success rate was 97.3% (36/37).Conclusions The pedicle circular fascioctaneous preputial flap has advantage of good blood supply and autograft for new meatus.It could be a reliable and durable method for the treatment of complex anterior urthral strictures(≥5 cm) in 1-stage urethroplasty.