AIM: To study the acute toxicity of bioactive compounds from paecilomyces tenuipes (BCPT) and the effect of BCPT on lipid peroxidation of brain in chronic stress model (CMS) of depression in rats. METHODS: The depression animal model was induced by chronic unforeseeable stress (CUS). The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was used to detect the acute toxicity of BCPT. UV spectrophotometer analysis technique was used to detect the activity of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT, and content of MDA and NO in rat's brain. RESULTS: The MTD of BCPT was 9 g?kg -1 . BCPT could obviously enhance the activities of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT, and also significantly inhibit the increase of MDA and NO content in brain in CMS rats. CONCLUSION: BCPT has little toxicity and produces an antidespressant-like effect in antioxidation in CMS rats.

Aim Exploration of the effects of bioactive compound from paecilomyces tenuipes (BCPT) on the behavior, ultrastructure of hippocampus, and expressions of BDNF and Bax of cerebral cortex in CUS rats. Methods The depression model rat was induced by chronic unpredictable stress(CUS). The Open field test was used to observe the behavior of CUS rats. The expressions of BDNF and Bax of cerebral cortex were studied using immunohistochemical method, and average optical density of cortical neuron was calculated by image analysis. Morphology of hippocampus was observed by transmission electron microscope. Results Compared with model group, BCPT could obviously increase the activity of ambulation and rearing and the number of positive neuron of BDNF, decrease the number of positive neuron of Bax, and effectively prevent pathological damage induced by chronic unpredictable stress. Conclusion BCPT may exhibit the effects of antidepression, up-regulate the expression of BDNF, down-regulate the expression of Bax, and improve of the ultrastructure of hippocampus.

Objective To observe the clinical efficieney and safety of Rosiglitazone(Avandia)Monotherapy or combi- nation with oral hypoglycemic agents in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with Metabolic syndrome.Methods 68 type 2 diabetic patients with Metabolic syndrome were assigned to receive Avandia treatment at doses of 4mg for 12 weeks.Re,. sults Avandia used alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (FBG)and fasting plasma insulin(FINS).Mean glycosylated hemoglobin values were significantly deereaseel.Home- ostasis model assessmen indicate that RSG reduced insulin resistance.There were statistically significiant decrease in systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP).No significant side-effects on kidney and liver function were found.Conclusion Avandia is an insulin sensitizer that is effective and safe on the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes with Metabolic syndrome by decreasing blood glucose and blood lipid,improving insulin resistance,and main- taining the function of pancreatic island cells.

BACKGROUND: Although we have gained much information about leadinduced organ damage, the effect of blood lead level on T cell subgroup is yet to be determined.OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of blood lead level on T cell subgroup of children, and the association of T cell subgroup with threshold limit value of blood lead level.DESIGN: Comparative observation.SETTING: The Institute of Molecular Microorganism, Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Shanxi Provincial Children Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty children, (32 boys and 28 girls), aged 3-6 years with a mean of (4.5±1.5) years old, were selected from the suburbs of Taiyuan city between May 2003 and October 2003. Informed consents were obtained from all their guardians. The enrolled children according to their blood lead levels were assigned into three groups, 13 in Group Ⅰ with blood lead level ≥ 0.48 μmol/L, 20 in Group 2 with lead level ≥ 0.24 μmol/L but ＜ 0.48 μmoL/L and 27 in Group 3 with lead level ＜ 0.24 μmol/L.METHODS: Blood lead level and expression of T cell subgroup were measured with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and immunofluorescence methods respectively. Student t test was used in data analysis, and linear correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between blood lead level and expression of T cell subgroup.level and expression of T cell subgroup.pression of CD3 and ratio of CD4 to CD8 were lower in Group 1 (lead level ≥0.48 μmol/L) than Group 3 (lead level ＜ 0.24 μmol/L) (t=3.27,blood lead level showed had significant inverse correlation with CD3 expression and the ratio of CD4 to CD8(r=-0.689,-0.674,P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: A blood lead level ≥ 0.48 μmol/L, is shown to significantly decrease the expression of CD3 and ratio of CD4 to CD8 in peripheral blood, which may impair the children's immunological function.

BACKGROUND: Although we have gained much information about leadinduced organ damage, the effect of blood lead level on T cell subgroup is yet to be determined.OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of blood lead level on T cell subgroup of children, and the association of T cell subgroup with threshold limit value of blood lead level.DESIGN: Comparative observation.SETTING: The Institute of Molecular Microorganism, Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Shanxi Provincial Children Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty children, (32 boys and 28 girls), aged 3-6 years with a mean of (4.5±1.5) years old, were selected from the suburbs of Taiyuan city between May 2003 and October 2003. Informed consents were obtained from all their guardians. The enrolled children according to their blood lead levels were assigned into three groups, 13 in Group Ⅰ with blood lead level ≥ 0.48 μmol/L, 20 in Group 2 with lead level ≥ 0.24 μmol/L but ＜ 0.48 μmoL/L and 27 in Group 3 with lead level ＜ 0.24 μmol/L.METHODS: Blood lead level and expression of T cell subgroup were measured with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and immunofluorescence methods respectively. Student t test was used in data analysis, and linear correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between blood lead level and expression of T cell subgroup.level and expression of T cell subgroup.pression of CD3 and ratio of CD4 to CD8 were lower in Group 1 (lead level ≥0.48 μmol/L) than Group 3 (lead level ＜ 0.24 μmol/L) (t=3.27,blood lead level showed had significant inverse correlation with CD3 expression and the ratio of CD4 to CD8(r=-0.689,-0.674,P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: A blood lead level ≥ 0.48 μmol/L, is shown to significantly decrease the expression of CD3 and ratio of CD4 to CD8 in peripheral blood, which may impair the children's immunological function.

Objective To investigate the effect of curcumin on apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) in hippocampus during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats with spontaneous hypertension (SH) .Methods One hundred and thirty-five male rats (homologous with WKY) with SH and 90 male normotensive WKY rats, weighing 275-325 g,were used in this study. The WKY rats were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 45 each) : sham operation group (WS group) and cerebral I/R group (W-I/R group) . The rats with SH were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 45each) : sham operation group (S-S group), cerebral I/R group (S-I/R group) and curcumin group (S-C group) .Global cerebral ischemia was produced by 4 vessel-occlusion method. The bilateral common carotid arteries were only exposed but not ligated in W-S and S-S groups. Intraperitoneal corn oil 10 ml/kg was injected at 30 min of reperfusion in W-I/R and S-I/R groups. Intraperitoneal curcumin 100 mg/kg was injected at 30 min of reperfusion in S-C group. Three animals in each group were sacrificed at 2 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d of reperfusion and their brains were harvested for determination of apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and the expression of JNK3 and PSD95in hippocampus. Results The number of apoptotic neurons was significantly increased in S-S group compared with W-S group ( P < 0.05) . The number of apoptotic neurons was significantly increased and the expression of JNK3was up-regulated in S-I/R group compared with S-S group ( P < 0.05) . The number of apoptotic neurons was significantly decreased and the expression of JNK3 was down-regulated in S-C group compared with S-I/R group (P <0.05) . There was no significant difference in the expression of PSD95 among all the groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusion Curcumin can inhibit apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and the mechanism is related to down-regulation of the expression of JNK3 in hippocampus. The mechanism by which curcumin down-regulates the expression of JNK3in hippocampus may not be related to PSD95 pathway.

Objective To inves1tigate the needs and influencing factors of patients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregivers in rural areas.Methods An online questionnaire designed by World Stroke Organization for stroke patients and their caregivers was used,and modified appropriately according to China's national conditions.A questionnaire survey about general situation,and needs for psychological support,stroke-related knowledge,diagnosis and nursing,social support,and functional recovery in inpatients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregivers in rural areas was performed.Results A total of 514 patients with stroke and their caregivers (n =514) completed the questionnaires.93.0％ of the patients had the needs for mental support,followed by clinical diagnosis and nursing (84.8％),stroke knowledge (74.7％),social support and functional recovery (53.5％);95.1％ of the caregivers had the needs for mental support,followed by stroke knowledge (89.9％),clinical diagnosis and nursing (84.0％),social support,and functional recovery (66.3％).The degree of need for stroke knowledge,social support,and functional recovery in caregivers was higher than that in the patients (all P ＜ 0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,gender,degree of education,the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score,and the time from the first stroke onset were the influencing factors of needs for patients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregiver.Conclusions Many needs have not been met in patients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregivers,especially the psychological demand.The regional and individual services should be provided according to the different demands in patients with cerebrovascular disease and their caregivers,enhance the awareness of the prevention and treatment of stroke,and continuously improve the construction of rural health service system.

Objective:To analyze the cost of diagnosis-intervention packet(DIP) in a certain hospital in 2021 based on hospital intelligent agents, so as to provide feasible ideas for refined management of DIP costs.Methods:On the basis of the construction of the hospital intelligent agent platform and the results of project cost accounting in the early stage, a total of 60 187 cases and 4 860 DIP diseases in the hospital in 2021 were selected as the research objects. The project superposition method was applied to calculate the unit cost of all DIP diseases in the hospital. Based on the results of DIP cost accounting, the ideas and methods of fine management of DIP costs were explored from the perspectives of DIP disease classification, management of all hospital diseases and medical insurance diseases, vertical and horizontal comparative analysis of DIP costs, and management of medical insurance cases and non medical insurance cases under the same DIP disease category.Results:Twenty-two advantageous DIP disease types, 67 key disease types, 1 590 potential disease types, and 3 181 disadvantageous disease types were identified. Introducing medical income as an intermediate indicator facilitated the classification of DIP disease types under medical insurance, 1 072 advantageous disease types, 917 key disease types, 458 potential disease types, and 815 disadvantageous disease types in medical insurance were identified. Through refined accounting, it was found that the average cost of non medical insurance cases under the same DIP disease category was generally higher than that of medical insurance cases, and there were differences in DIP costs at different levels during different time periods.Conclusions:By determining and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of disease types in the entire hospital, common problems of disease types under the same category can be identified, and targeted control measures can be proposed. By analyzing the two dimensions of medical insurance surplus and medical surplus, the advantages and disadvantages of medical insurance diseases can be quickly determined, providing a lever for the control of medical insurance diseases. The horizontal and vertical comparative analysis of DIP costs, as well as the analysis of medical insurance cases and non medical insurance cases under the same DIP disease category, can provide feasible methods for hospitals to manage DIP costs at multiple levels and dimensions.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent oro-esophageal rube feeding (IOE) on dysphagia in acute stroke patients with bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy.Methods From May 2016 to December 2018,patients with acute stroke complicated with bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy admitted to the Department of Neurobgy,Ninghe District Hospital of Tianjin were enrolled retrospectively.They were divided into IOE group and nasogastric gavage tube (NGT) group.The baseline clinical data,swallowing function and nutritional indicators before and after treatment,and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia were collected and compared.Kubota's water swallow test was used to evaluate the swallowing function,and Grade ≥ 3 was defined as poor swallowing function after 30 days of treatment.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of poor outcomes of swallowing function.Results A total of 92 patients were enrolled,58 were males (63％),and aged 64.3-± 11.2 years;the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 5.98 ±-2.29;76 patients (82.6％) had cerebral infarction,16 (17.4％) had cerebral hemorrhage;16 (17.4％) had bulbar palsy,and 76 (82.6％) had pseudobulbar palsy.There were 46 cases in each of the IOE group and the NGT group.The improvement of swallowing function and nutritional status at 30 d in the IOE group were significantly better than those in the NGT group (all P ＜0.01),while the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was significantly lower than that in the NGT group (19.6％ vs.39.1％;x2 =4.246,P =0.039).The dysphagia of 70 patients (76.1％) had good outcomes,and that of 22 (23.9％) had poor outcomes.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the NIHSS score on admission (odds ratio [OR] 1.225,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.221-1.445;P=0.030),bulbar palsy (OR 1.428,95％ CI 1.327-1.545;P＜0.001),and left lesions (OR 1.424,95％ CI 1.352-1.565;P＜0.001) were independently associated with the poor outcomes of swallowing function,while IOE (OR 0.351,95％ CI 0.075-0.643;P ＜0.001) was independently associated with the good outcomes of swallowing function.Conclusion IOE can improve the swallowing function of stroke patients with bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy,and reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia while providing good nutritional support.