Objective To investigate the effect of linezolid on procalcitonin ( PCT) in the treatment of methicillin resistant staphylococcus ( MRS) infection.Methods 85 cases with MRS infection in our hospital were grouped, control group received vancomycin treatment, study group received linezolid, 2 weeks for 1 courses.Clinical effect were compared to explore the linezolid effect of PCT levels in patients with MRS infection.Results After treatment, defervescence time, bacterial clearance time, bacterial clearance rate and 48 hour mortality rate between two groups of patients had no significant difference.Compared with the control group, ICU treatment time in the study group was significantly lower ( P<0.05 ) .There was no significant difference in total effective rate between two groups.After treatment, the PCT and CRP in study group were lower than control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Linezolid has significant function to reduce the serum PCT level of patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection procalcitonin, which has better clinical curative effect.

Objective To explore the morbidity rate and risk factors of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes. Methods The clinical data of patients, with PDR in 2739 consecutive cases of type 2 diabetes diagnosed in this hospital from 1994 to 2001 were analyed retospectively. The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was confirmed by ophthalmoscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Blood pressure, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c), total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and albumin excretion rate were measured. Results The morbidity rate of type 2 DR was 27.8%(761/2739), and the morbidity rate of PDR was 4. 2%(114/2 739) occupying 15% of the patients with DR. The duration, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, blood pressure and albumin excretion rate were much higher than those in the control ( P

Objective To investigate the hospital distribution and drug resistance of pathogens of venous catheter-related infec-tion,so as to provide basis for appropriate usage of antibiotics in clinic.Methods The culture and drug susceptibility results of 369 venous catheter were analyzed retrospectively from 2009 January to 2012 December.Results 161 strains of pathogens were detec-ted among 369 venous catheter,the positive rate was 43.6%.There were 83 strains of Gram positive bacteria,accounting for 51.6%,and Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest positive rate.There were 63 strains of Gram negative bacteria,accounting for 39.1%,and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bauman Acinetobacter were main isolated bacteria.There were 15 strains of Fungi,ac-counting for 9.3%,and Candida parapsilosis had the highest positive rate.There was none Gram positive bacteria resistant to van-comycin and linezolid.Carbapenems remained high activity against Gram negative bacteria.Conclusion Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae are mainly detected in venous catheter in the hospital infection.

Objective To investigate the correlation between recurrent spontaneous abortion and karyotype correlation,and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous abortion.Methods 51 couples peripheral blood lymphocyte were collected and cultured from March 2010 to March 2013 in the region.Karyotype analysis were performed to observe the distribution of the rate of chromosomal abnormalities situation.Meanwhile the correlation between the number of abortions and chromosomes were compared.Results Among the 102 subjects,32 cases(31.37％)of them were found chromosomal abnormalities in RSA.The ratio of polymorphic mutation accounted for 56.25 ％ of the chromosome abnormality.accounting for 17.65 ％ the total.Which was significantly higher than other chromosomal abnormalities(P＜0.05).Among the RSA and chromosomal karyotype cases,females accounted for 68.75 ％,which was significantly higher than males (31.25 ％)(P＜0.05).46XY(Y≥18)has the highest incidence in chromosome polymorphism,accounting for 33.33 ％,while abortions accounting for 30.77 ％.RSA number and incidence of chromosomal abnormalities to miscarriages three times the highest rate of abnormal,accounting for 43.48％.Conclusion Chromosomal abnormalities is an important factor in recurrent spontaneous abortion.Recurrent abortion is not only related to the structure of chromosomes,but also has a certain relationship with the variation of chromosome polymorphism.

Objective To analyze the value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP),and to evaluate the role of PCT in the therapeutic effect,severity and prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis of data and laboratory tests of 50 patients with CAP admitted from November 15,2011 to November 15,2012 in GICU was carried out.Patients with infection of other parts of body,surgical treatment and trauma were ruled out.The level of PCT (ng/mL) before and during treatment,and the relationships between PCT and respiratory failure,mechanical ventilation,treatment results were analyzed respectively.Results According to the occurrence of sepsis,50 patients were divided into sepsis group and non-sepsis group.In the non-sepsis group,the PCT level before treatment,the highest and average PCT levels during the treatment were 0.1125 (0.078,0.269),0.1235 (0.078,0.494),and 0.1355 (0.08,0.245) respectively.Correspondingly,the PCT levels in the sepsis group were 8.92 (2.715,16.33),13.53 (6.305,25.625),and 4.26 (2.1415,8.2455),and there were statistically significant differences in three values of PCT between groups (ZIst =-4.743,PIST ＜ 0.05 ; ZMax =-5.783,PMax ＜ 0.05 ; ZMean =-5.644,PMean ＜ 0.05).According to the emergence of respiratory failure during treatment,average PCT level in the patients with respiratory failure was 1.7375 (0.224,5.092),and that in the patients without respiratory failure was 0.081 ng/mL (0.049,0.146),presenting the statistically significant difference between two groups (Z =4.472,P ＜ 0.05).In case of using mechanical ventilation (MV),the average PCT level of the patients with mechanical ventilation was 1.618 ng/mL (0.224,5.092),and that in the patients without MV was 0.086 ng/mL (0.061,0.465),producing a significant difference between the two groups (Z =-3.788,P ＜ 0.05).Grouped according to the outcome of patients,the mean value of PCT level in death group was 7.4585 ng/mL (2.392,16.25),and that in the survival group was 0.1965 ng/mL (0.885,0.618),showing statistically significant difference between two groups (Z =3.857,P ＜ 0.05).The first PCT level in the GICU within 24 h after admission was used to make the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC),and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9867,cutoff point was 1.25 ng/mL.Conclusions In case of CAP,the PCT level in patients with sepsis is significantly higher than that in patients without sepsis,and PCT can distinguish sepsis from pneumonia precisely.In addition,PCT is an important biomarker to judge the severity and outcomes of CAP at early stage.

Objective:To identify a suitable biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of Candida albicans pneumonia ( CAP) ,we investigated the expression of several biomarkers,such as soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 ( sTREM-1),soluble hemoglobin-haptoglobin scavenger receptor (sCD163),C-reactive protein (CRP),and procalcitonin (PCT),in rabbits with CAP. Methods:A rabbit model was established after immunosuppression of 40 rabbits,randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 each. The experimental group received 1 ml injection of 5×107 cfu/ml C. albicans solution via percutaneous tracheal puncture,while the control group received normal saline. Rabbit blood samples were collected on days 2,3,4,5,6 and 9 post-inoculation and examined for levels of sTREM-1,sCD163,CRP,PCT,interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-8,IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Other tests included routine blood examination,arterial blood gas test,chest thin-layer computed tomography on days 3 and 9 post-inoculation,lung tissue biopsy, and blood culture to confirm C. albicans infection. Results:The levels of sTREM-1,SCD163,PCT,and TNF-αwere higher in the exper-imental group as compared to control. Additionally,sTREM-1 and CRP indices showed an upward trend during 9 days of observation period in the experimental group,while others showed a short-term increase after inoculation and then declined gradually. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CAP diagnosis were calculated as 0. 882,0. 814,0. 685 and 0. 55 for sTREM-1,SCD163, PCT and CRP,respectively. Conclusion: The diagnostic value of biomarkers,sTREM-1 and SCD163,is superior to that of CRP and PCT in the diagnosis of CAP.

Objective:To explore the effects of infant sleep patterns on maternal sleep quality.Methods:Three hundred and nineteen pairs of mothers and infants from two grade three class-a hospitals in Nantong City were enrolled. Infant sleep patterns were assessed by the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). Maternal sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The effect of infant sleep patterns on maternal sleep quality was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed with multivariate analysis.Results:The maternal sleep quality scored 7.08±2.60. Single factor analysis pointed out that the sleep quality of women whose infants slept in bed near parents, woke up more than 3 times a night, was nocturnal wakefulness more than 60 minutes or nocturnal sleep duration less than 8 hours was significantly worse. After controlling for confounding variables, the way of baby falling asleep, numbers of night wakings, nocturnal sleep duration, maternal age, infant′s gender and primary caregiver were independent factors of maternal sleep quality.Conclusion:Infant sleep pattern is an important factor affecting maternal sleep quality. Nurses should provide information about the sleep patterns of infants to mothers and their family members to promote their babies′ sleep habits so as to improve the maternal sleep quality.

Objective To investigate, in vitro, the co-infection of Caco-2 cells ( epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa) with Candida albicans and Enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli ( EHEC) .Methods The ability of both species to invade the Caco-2 cells was evaluated by inverted microscopy.Damage to Caco-2 cells was evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity. C. albicans virulence gene expression ( ALS3, PLB1 and SAP4 ) was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR) .Results Compared to simple infections with C.albicans alone, a co-infection invaded Caco-2 cells more rapidly, and C.albicans tended to proliferate more easily presenting in cluster shape of distribution.In addition, the LDH activity in the co-infection group (group 3) was the highest compared to groups 1, 2, 4 and 5, (F values of 14.48, 5.48, 11.74 and 3.45 respectively;all P <0.05);There was no significant difference in LDH activity found between the secondary fungous infection group ( group 5) and the EHEC infection group (group 2) (F=2.03, P=0.54) or between the secondary bacterial infection group (group 4) and the Candida albicans infection group (group 1) (F=2.74, P=0.11).The LDH activities in groups 2 and 5 were significantly higher than that in groups 1 and 4 ( all P <0.05 ) .In addition, an up-regulation of toxicity-related genes ( PLB1 and SAP4 ) were detected.The expression of PLB1 was higher in group 3 than that in group 1 ( P=0.014 3 ) and SAP4 was higher in groups 3 and 5 than that in group 1 (P=0.027 2, P=0.001 8, respectively).Conclusions Using Caco-2 cells for an infection model, this study demonstrated that co-infecting in vitro enterocytes with C.albicans and EHEC enhanced the invasiveness and tissue damaging effects of C.albicans.

This study was aimed to establish fingerprints of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from different geographical origins,and to use the method of pattern recognition to compare the differences of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from different habitats.In this study,high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish fingerprints for 25 batches of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from 4 habitats.Furthermore,similarity evaluation,cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed.The results from established fingerprints showed that a total of 26 common peaks were pointed out and 4 peaks were identified as the common peaks.The CA and PCA can be used to compare Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from different habitats.It was concluded that Cirri Sarcodactylis Fructus in near geographic origins had a higher similarity,while the different geographic origins had a higher difference.

Objective To deepen the understanding of chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL).Methods The course of diagnosis and treatment in a case of FIP1L1/PDGFRα fusion gene negative CEL was reported. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the immunophenotype of the cells in peripheral blood and pleural fluid. Karyotype was analyzed with G-banding. The expression of FIP1L1/PDGFRα fusion gene was detected by RT-PCR technique. Routine pathological examination of the tissues from bone marrow, lung and spleen were performed. Result A sixteen-year-old girl had severe anemia, fever, splenomegaly,thrombocytopenia and dominant hypereosinophilia lasting for 22 months. Trephine biopsy showed a hypercellular marrow with eosinophilic proliferation and moderate reticular fibrosis. Eosinophilic infiltration was found in lung and spleen and embolism was also found in spleen. She had a clonal chromosomal abnormality t(5;12)(q31;p13). The expression of FIP1L1/PDGFRα was negative. An abnormal clone of T cells expressing CD3-,CD4-,CD8- was found in peripheral blood and pleural fluid, in which the cional T cell accounted for 5.43% and 1.66% of the total lymphocytes respectively. The patient was refractory to treatment with hydroxyurea, prednisone and interferon alpha. She had poor response to a combination of therapy with low dose cytosine arabinoside, mitoxantrone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and prednisone. She did not respond to imatinib and died of multiple organ failure. Conclusion The present case fulfilled the WHO diagnostic criteria of FIP1L1/PDGFRα(-) CEL which did not respond to routine treatment and imatinib. Allogenic stem cell transplantation should be considered as early as possible in this case. It is noteworthy that clonal CD3-,CD4-,CD8- T-cell abnormality is related to the pathogenesis of CEL.