To review the progress of small bowel lymphoma in,Pathoyeny pathology,clinical treatment and prognosis,which can effectively provide scheme for early diagnosis and therapy of small bowel lymphoma.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between Alzheimer disease(AD) and alpha 2-macroglobulin(α2M) initially so as to provide evidence for the pathogenesis of late-onset AD.METHODS: The significance of α2M in the late-onset AD was revealed through pathology of α2M in AD and the polymorphism of α2M in AD patients.RESULTS: The association between AD and α2M region on the twelfth chromatosome was analyzed with the genic linkage, and pathological symptom of α2M in AD patients was supported by many evidences. Two polymorphism sites of α2M were located on the 12P12-13, which could increase more risks to AD patients.CONCLUSION: It is significant to investigate the frequency, mutation,polymorphism and expression of gene α2M for the pathogenesis of late-onset AD and its genic diagnosis.

Objective To observe the clinical characteristic and prognostic analysis of severe anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ( anti-NMDAR) encephalitis.Methods The clinical data of 9 patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis were retrospective analyzed.Results Nine patients ( two male and seven females ) were taken care at ICU.They were 27.7 years old at average.The median course was 22.4 d and median length of stay in ICU was 50. 9 d.The mainly clinical characteristics were fever(7 cases), psychiatric behavioral symptoms(9 cases), seizures(9 cases) , decreased consciousness ( 8 cases ) , abnormal movement ( 7 cases ) , automatic instability ( 9 cases ) and hypoventilation(6 cases) .Three cases had ovarian teratoma.Anti-NMDAR antibodies in CSF of all patients were testing positive, while in serum were 6 cases.CSF-IgA in 7 cases were increased.The brain MRI indicated abnormal signals in temporal lobe, hippocampus in 3 patients.The EEG showed slowing wave abnormal in 5 patients.All patients were treated with combined first-line immunomodulatory therapies with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or plasma exchange. Five patients were fullly recoveried, 4 patients were improved with residual symptoms. Conclusions Severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis may present progress quickly mental behavior change, epilepsy, and disturbance of consciousness, movement disorders, autonomic nerve dysfunction.Which accompanied with tumor is rare.Most patients with active immunotherapy can get good prognosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis in adult Chinese patients with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA-BR) encephalitis.Methods We reviewed the clinical manifestations,cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations,brain magnetic resonance imaging and prognosis of 12 patients who were diagnosed as anti-GABA-BR encephalitis in Capital Medical University Xuanwu Hospital from March 2013 to December 2015.Results The major clinical features of anti-GABA-BR encephalitis patients included seizures (12/12),cognitive disorder (10/12),psychiatric symptoms (10/12),sleep disorders (3/12),visual hallucination (2/12),involuntary movements (2/12),decreased consciousness (3/12),cerebellar signs (2/12),fever (2/12).GABA-BR-antibody was positive in CSF and serum of all the patients.Electroencephalogram revealed epileptic discharges in 4/12 patients.Brain MRI showed abnormal signal in up to 9/12 patients,located in the hippocampus,temporal lobes,thalamus and periventricular area.PET or SPECT indicated hypometabolism in 5/6 patients.After the average of fourteen months follow-up,9/12 patients had good prognosis,3 patients did not.Of 3 patients with poor outcome,2 had small cell lung cancer.Conclusions The predominant clinical features of the anti-GABA-BR encephalitis are seizures,cognitive disorder and psychiatric symptoms.The lesions are not only located in limbic system.Early diagnosis and immune modulation may provide a good outcome.

Objective To explore the effect of norcantharidin (NCTD) on proliferation and apoptosis of implanted human gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice. MethodsGBC-SD cells of human gallbladder carcinoma were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Mice were randomly divided into control, 5-FU, NCTD and NCTD+5-FU -treatment groups. Tumor size, growth curve and inhibitory rate was respectively evaluated. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured. Morphological changes of tumorous cells were observed. ResultsLD_ 50 of NCTD for nude mice was 139.96mg?kg -1. Tumor volume (5.61?0.39cm3 vs. 9.78?0.61cm3, P=0.000), percentage of the S phase cells (43.47%?2.83% vs. 69.85%?1.96%, P=0.000) in NCTD group was smaller than that in control group, with tumor inhibitory rate (42.63% vs. 0, P=0.012) and cell apoptosis rate (5.49%?0.59% vs. 15.08%?1.49%, P=0.000) being increased. Compared with other groups,the difference on tumor volume (4.51?1.11 cm3), tumor inhibitory rate (53.89%), percentage of the S phase cells (33.76%?2.39%) and cell apoptosis rate (18.68%?2.38%) in NCTD+5-FU group was statistically significant (P=0.000), with increased nuclear shrinkage, karyorrhexis and typical apoptosis. Conclusion NCTD inhibits the growth of implanted tumor of human gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice. The inhibitory effect could be intensified when combined with 5-FU.

OBJECTIVE To understand the pathogens and their drugs resistance in general surgery department and provide rational suggestion of antibiotics use for clinic treatment.METHODS A total of 158 cases with nosocomial infection among the general surgery department inpatients from Jun 2006 to Oct 2008 were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.RESULTS The common nosocomial infection sites were the lower respiratory tract,gastrointestinal tract,urinary tract and surgical sites.The G-bacilli of nosocomial infections in turn were Escherichia coli(18.02%),Acinetobacter baumannii(11.26%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(7.66%),and Klebsiella pneumoniae(4.50%).The main G+cocci were Staphylococcus aureus(21.62%),Enterococcus faecium(5.86%)and E.faecalis(3.15%)in turn.In G-bacilli,the sensitivity to imipenem was the highest from 58.82% to 100.00%.The sensitivity to amikacin were more than 70.00% except A.baumannii,and to sulbactam/cefoperazone were more than 50.00% except Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In G+ cocci,the sensitivity to vancomycin of S.aureus and E.faecium was 100.00% and 84.62%.CONCLUSIONS Investigating the pathogens and their drug resistance in general surgery department is very important to prevent and control nosocomial infections.

Objective To evaluate the effect of contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler (c-TCD) for detection of patent foramen ovale (PFO) comparing to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods 28 ischemic stroke patients with PFO detected with TEE were evaluated with TCD bubble study at rest and under Valsalva maneuver (VM). Results PFO was identified in 20 cases (71.43%) at rest by TCD bubble study. When VM was performed, PFO was detected in 24 cases (85.71%). There was no relevant in sensitivity of c-TCD with PFO size (P>0.05). Conclusion c-TCD is an excellent method for PFO identification with high sensibility while under VM. C-TCD can be used as a screening method for suspected PFO in patients with stroke test before TEE.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of vestibular paroxysmia （VP）： age distribution，triggers，accompanying symptoms，maximum frequency per day，nystagmus features during attacks，and neurovascular compression. Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with VP were collected to analyze their age distribution，triggers，accompanying symptoms，maximum frequency per day，nystagmus features during attacks，and neurovascular compression by using descriptive statistical methods. Results Among the 70 patients with VP，30 （42.86%） were elderly，23 （32.86%） were young，and 17 （24.29%） were middle-aged patients. The maximum frequency per day was 2-5 in 53 cases （75.71%），6-10 in 9 cases （12.86%），and >10 in 8 cases （11.43%）. Thirty-six patients （51.43%） had triggers，including rapid walking，emotional excitement，driving，cycling，sexual intercourse，coughing or wheezing，speaking or chatting，bathing，defecation，drinking alcohol，and sound stimulation. Thirty-three patients （47.14%） had unilateral tinnitus，bilateral tinnitus，and tinnitus with facial spasms； nystagmus during VP episodes met the characteristics of the head coordinate system，which was horizontal-torsional towards the affected side. Among 57 patients examined for the relationship between the vestibulocochlear nerve and vessels using magnetic resonance angiography，37 patients （64.91%） had contact between the vestibulocochlear nerve and the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery，15 patients （26.32%） had contact between the vestibulocochlear nerve and the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery，and 5 patients （8.77%） had contact between the vestibulocochlear nerve and the basilar artery. Conclusion VP is most prevalent in the elderly，then young and middle-aged people. Most patients with VP have a maximum frequency of 2-5 per day. VP can be triggered by anger，excitement，exercise，and various stimuli. VP attacks can be accompanied by tinnitus and facial spasms. Its nystagmus is horizontal-torsional towards the affected side. The percentage of contact between the vestibulocochlear nerve and the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery is highest in patients with VP.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a solid organ or hematopoietic stem cells transplant associated syndrome, and central nervous system PTLD(CNS-PTLD) is extremely rare. A case of CNS-PTLD occurring after 24 years of kidney transplant was reported, and pathological examination proved it to be diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cerebrospinal fluid next generation sequencing and pathological examination supported that Epstein-Barr virus infection was associated with it.

Objective:To analyze the distribution of TCM syndrome elements and syndromes in patients with hypertension with insomnia (HWI) in the real world.Methods:A cross-sectional study and retrospectively enrolled. The positive symptoms and TCM syndrome type entries of 359 patients with HWI who were collected from Henan Integrated Medicine Hospital,Henan Provincial People's Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from December 2020 to August 2022 were retrospectively studied. Based on factor analysis dimension reduction and systematic cluster analysis, the TCM syndrome elements and potential syndrome types of patients were summarized. The Latern 5.0 software was used to establish a latent structure model and comprehensive clustering based on the mountain climbing method (LTM-EAST) algorithm, and analyze and judge the common syndrome types, providing a basis for proposing the clinical common syndrome types of this disease.Results:Factor analysis extracted 14 common factors, and the cumulative contribution rate was 63.254%. Among the 36 symptom variables with frequency ≥ 70, more than half of the patients with hypertension and insomnia were upset, irritable, less sleepy, dreamy, dizzy, palpitations, stuffy chest, dry mouth, easy to wake up, and tired. The tongue color was mainly light red tongue and red tongue. The tongue is mainly thin and greasy. The first three pulse conditions are string pulse, number pulse and slippery pulse. The disease location and syndrome elements of hypertension with insomnia were mainly liver (52.09%), heart (33.43%), spleen (26.46%) and kidney (23.68%); The disease syndrome elements are mainly phlegm dampness (34.54%), yin deficiency (29.25%), heat (fire) (25.35%), and qi stagnation (25.07%). Ten syndrome types are obtained by frequency statistics, nine syndrome types are obtained by factor clustering, and seven syndrome types are inferred by implicit structure clustering. Among the syndrome types inferred by the above three methods, there are seven syndrome types that recur at least twice, which can be identified as the common syndrome type of hypertension with insomnia.Conclusions:The common clinical symptoms of HWI are upset and irritable, less sleep, more dreams, dizziness, palpitations, stuffy chest, dry mouth, easy to wake up, mental fatigue and body tiredness. The disease location and syndrome elements are mainly in liver, heart, spleen and kidney. The disease mainly involves phlegm dampness, yin deficiency, heat and qi stagnation. The common clinical syndrome types are liver depression transforming fire type, yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity type, phlegm dampness intrinsic type, yin deficiency and internal heat type, heart and gallbladder qi deficiency type, heart and spleen deficiency type, and heart kidney disjunction type.