OBJECTIVE To clarify the long-term toxicity to the respiratory system in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by a single low-dose of perfluoroisobutylene(PFIB) inhalation expo?sure,and observe the possible beneficial effect of early intervention via Qingkailing(QKL) injection. METHODS Totally 224 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group in which air exposure was followed by a saline 10 mL · kg-1(ip),QKL control group in which QKL 10 mL · kg-1 was ip given after air exposure,PFIB exposure group in which rats were exposed to PFIB 280 mg·m-3 for 5 min only,and QKL treatment group in which QKL 10 mL·kg-1 was given ip at 1 h after PFIB exposure. Lung functions of rats were measured at 24 h,3,6,12,24,36 and 48 weeks after exposure. The arterial blood gas,lung coefficient,protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),hydroxy?proline(HYP) content in lung tissue and plasma,and other indicators were detected or analyzed. RESULTS Within 24 h after PFIB exposure,the lung coefficient and protein content in BALF were increased significantly(P<0.01),whereas the PaO2(P<0.01) and SaO2(P<0.05) indices in arterial blood decreased significantly in PFIB group compared with normal control. The inhalation time , exhalation time,tidal volume(TV),expired volume(EV)and relaxed time were reduced significantly (P<0.01). However,all the above indicators returned to normal in 3 weeks,but TV,EV and peak expiratory flow were significantly lower than in normal group at 48 weeks(P<0.05). HYP contents in lung tissues,compared with normal control(P<0.05),were reduced significantly within 24 h after PFIB exposure,increased significantly in 6 weeks(P<0.05),then returned to normal in 12 weeks. HYP contents in plasma increased significantly compared with normal control(P<0.05) within 24 h after PFIB exposure but returned to normal in 3 weeks. The protein contents in BALF of QKL treatment group were significantly lower than those in PFIB group(P<0.01) within 24 h after PFIB exposure. From 24 h to 24 weeks after PFIB exposure,changes of pulmonary functions were similar to those in PFIB group. At 48 weeks,TV and EV in QKL treatment group were more significantly increased than those in PFIB group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Rats with ALI induced by a single low dose of PFIB exposure undergo compensatory repair except for pulmonary capacity and pulmonary ventilation functions. Early treatment with QKL reduces protein content of BALF and alleviates pulmonary edema,and has some beneficial effect on lung function recovery later.

Objective To investigate the role of interleukin-22 (IL-22)-regulated autophagy in hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced hepatocarcinoma cell damage. Methods HepG2 cells were transfected with pEGFP-LC3 and then cultured in RPMI 1640 medium free of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or containing 1％ or 10％ FBS. These cells were pretreated with rapamycin or an autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and then stimulated with recombinat human IL-22 (rhIL-22). GFP-LC3 puncta formation and autophagy signaling ac-tivation were measured. MTT assay was performed to detect cell viability. Results rhIL-22 significantly promoted GFP-LC3 puncta formation and LC3-Ⅱ expression in HepG2 cells treated with different stimulation protocols. The autophagy pathway inhibitor, 3-MA, dramatically suppressed the rhIL-22-activated autophagy signals. rhIL-22 attenuated H2 O2-mediated HepG2 cell death and that could be inhibited by 3-MA. Conclu-sion IL-22 promoted the activation of autophagy signaling pathways and alleviated H2 O2-mediated HepG2 cell damage.

Objective:To evaluate the performance, efficacy and safety of a novel portable endoscopy system for upper gastrointestinal examination.Methods:A multicentered, open-label, randomized, non-inferiority controlled study was conducted in 3 clinical research centers from June 2019 to June 2020, and a total of 90 outpatients admitted to Department of Gastroenterology were randomly assigned to the trial group ( n=44) undergoing portable endoscopy and the control group ( n=46) undergoing Olympus endoscopy. The examination success rate, image quality, performance, overall operation satisfaction rate, biopsy success rate and adverse events of the two groups were compared. Results:The examination success rates of the trial group and the control group were 97.73% (43/44) and 100.00% (46/46) respectively with a difference of -2.27% (95% CI: -6.68%-2.13%), higher than the set non-inferiority margin of -10%. Rates of good and excellent image quality were 100% in both groups, and the difference of 0 was higher than the set non-inferiority margin of -10%. There was no significant difference in the rate of good and excellent performance of the operating system between the two groups [97.67% (42/43) VS 100.00% (46/46), P=0.483]. There was significant difference in the overall satisfactory rate of the operation between the two groups [86.05% (37/43) VS 100.00% (46/46), P=0.011]. A total of 9 cases underwent endoscopic biopsy, including 5 cases in the trial group and 4 cases in the control group. The biopsy channels in both groups were smooth and the biopsy were successfully completed. There was no significant difference in adverse event rate between the two groups [25.00% (11/44) VS 10.87%(5/46), χ2=3.07, P=0.080]. All adverse events disappeared in 48 hours, and no severe adverse events or device defect events occurred. Conclusion:The novel portable endoscopic system is comparable to Olympus endoscopic system in terms of the operating performance, the image quality and safety. Therefore, this system is safe and effective for upper gastrointestinal examination.