The lack of organ donors is a major obstacle against the application of liver transplantation.Recently,how to expand the source of liver donors has become a focus of transplantation research.The use of marginal donor may help solve current dilemma between the increasing waiting recipients and the relatively few donors.However,marginal donors always comes with elevated risk of primary nonfunction,initial poor function,delayed graft function loss and infection.Research on risk factors and complication preventing strategies of marginal donor transplantation is important in improving our understanding of liver transplantation.In the present article,we summarized recent progress in the research of marginal donors.And based on the experience from our center,we believe that the use of marginal donors in liver transplantation may help improve the situation of donor shortage,and isehemia-reperfusion injury remains the core topic of marginal donor transplantation and represents the direction of future study.

Liver failure is a dreaded and often fatal complication that sometimes follows partial hepatectomy.This article reviews the pathophysiology, risk factors and treatment of post-resectional liver failure (PLF). An inadequate quantity or quality of residual liver mass are the key event in its pathogenesis. The major risk factors are small remnant liver volume (RLV), excessive blood loss or transfusion, ICGR15 of greater than 20%, and F4/F3 liver cirrhosis. It is essential to identify these risk factors during the pre-operative assessment. Preventive measures should be applied whenever possible as options of curative treatment for PLF are limited. Artificial liver and/or liver transplantation are the important treatment alternatives for hepatic failure after hepatectomy.

The hypothesis that tumor comes from stem cells has been demonstrated in various human tumors.Cancer is not only a genetic disease but also a stem cell disease. It is a key to regeneration, mutations and recurrence of tumors that gene mutations affect stem cells, and then stem cells mutate to cancer stem cells. In an effort to review the evidence that liver cancer stem cells exist, two fundamental questions must be addressed. First, do hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC)arise from liver stem cells? Second, do HCCs contain cells that possess properties of cancer stem cells?More recently, there is a hypothesis that HCC arise from maturation arrest of liver stem cells. Analysis of the cells in HCC supports the presence of cells with stem-cell properties(ie, immortality, transplantability, and resistance to therapy). However, definitive markers for these putative cancer stem cells have not yet been found and a liver cancer stem cell has not been isolated.

Objective To study the expression of gastrin receptor in 4 HCC cell lines and tis-sues and their relation to clinieopathological features. Methods Immunohistochemical staining of GR was performed for the 4 HCC cell lines and the paraffin sections of 25 HCC cases. The relationship be-tween the GR expression in HCC sections and the clinicopatho[ogical parameters were analyzed. Results Positive staining for GR in the 3 HCC SMMC-7721>HepG2>QGY-7701 cell lines and HCC tissues was observed. The expression rate of gastrin receptor was 56 % (14/25). However, there was no association between expression of GR and elinieopathologieal features such as age, gender and clini-cal stage etc except for tumor thrombosis. Concision GR exists in the HCC. Futher study is needed to identify whether GR is a applicable target for endocrine therapy in HCC.

Studies in recent years revel that there is a close relationship between gastrin/cholecystokinin-2 receptors (GAS/CCK-2R) and pancreatic cancer. CCK-2R is widely distributed in human body, but not in normal exocrine pancreas. However, CCK-2R is abnormally expressed in pancreatic carcinoma. The abnormal expression of CCK-2R in pancreatic tissues leads to the abnormal protein expression and activation, changes in acinar cells' morphology and phenotype and an increase in the sensitivity to carcinogenic substances. And some GAS/CCK-2R antagonists can be used for the early and late treatment of pancreatic cancer.

As an essential technique involved in complicated liver surgery,portal vein reconstruction results in eradication of macro- or microscopic tumor residual on surgical margins when combined with precise hepatectomy,improving both the living quality and the survival rate of patients.The application of this reconstruction technique needs precise evaluation of pre-operational image data,clearly dissection of portal vessels and tremendous amount of collaborative effort by the surgery team. Other techniques performed during the surgical procedure include intra-operative ultrasound scan,revitalizing the cryopreserved vessels,and angioplasty.

AIM: The bacteriostatic effects of Shenning suppository in the treatment of vaginitis were investigated in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)against ten clinical pathogens isolates was determined by tube dilution method,minimal bactericide concentration(MBC) was measured by the agar dilution method.The model of vaginitis from Candida albicans in the rabbit was investigated. RESULTS: Shenning suppository could inhibit and/or destroy Staphylococcus aureus,Candida albicans,ect in virto.It also improved the pathological change in the model of vaginitis from Candida albicans in the rabbit. CONCLUSION: Shenning Suppository could treat bacterial and mycotic vaginitis

AIM To investigate the effect of oral roxithromycin on serum concentrations at steady state and its pharmacokinetics of aminophylline in New Zealand rabbits. METHODS The experiment was divided into 2 stages: (Ⅰ) The subjects only received a four-day course of oral aminophylline until steady-state; (Ⅱ) aminophylline and roxithromycin were coadministrated from the d 5～10. After the last dose of aminophylline at the end of each study stage, serum theophylline concentrations were determined with HPLC. RESULTS Compared to stage Ⅰ, AUC、CL/Fs、 K a、 K e、 T 1/2(ka) 、 T max had significantly changed or very significantly changed at stage Ⅱ ( P

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of total flavonoids from Alpinia officinarum on gastrointestinal motility.METHODS: Gastric emptying method was applied to observe the effect of total flavonoids from A.officinarum on gastric emptying of normal mice and sthenic gastric emptying induced by pyridostigmine bromide.Effect of total flavonoids from A.officinarum on gastric smooth muscle of rats was observed through in vitro test and small intestine advancement was used to observe the influence of total flavonoids from A.officinarum on intestinal motility.RESULTS: Total flavonoids from A.officinarum had no significant influence on gastric emptying of normal mice,but distinctly inhibited sthenic gastric emptying induced by pyridostigmine bromide(P

Aim To probe into the best conditions for the establishment of endometriosis model in rats by the orthogonal experiment method.Methods Autotransplantation was used to establish the endometriosis model in rats by the orthogonal experiment method in which four main factors were considered to optimize the condition of model,according to the volume of heterotopic endometrium.Results The para ligament of uterus was the best place for transplanting.Both dissecting muscular layer and injecting estrin played an important role in the establishment of endometriosis model in rats. The value of four factors decreased progressively according to the injection of estrin,the dissection of muscular layer,the direction of endometrium implantation and oestrus.Conclusions By optimizing the condition for the establishment of endometriosis model in rats by orthogonal experiment,the volume of heterotopic endometrium was improved.A technology platform for pharmacodynamics research was thus offered.