ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of glioma microenvironment and COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on the phenotypes and function of dendritic cell (DC).MethodsThe expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were detected in glioma C6 cells treated with different concentration of celecoxib.Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured with 200 ng/ml rhGM-CSF and 50 ng/ml rhIL-4,either C6 tumor cells supernatant (TSN) or TSN from C6 cells treated with celecoxib to generate DCs.Cell morphology was observed.Cell phenotype including CD1a,CD80,CD83 and D86 were analyzed on a FACScan.Production of IL-12 in DC supernatant and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation were detected.ResultsThe expression of COX-2 and PGE2 production in C6 cells decreased after treated with celecoxib in a concentration dependant manner.Typical DCs were induced in all groups and the expression of CD1a ((75.56±2.40)％,(75.09±3.67)％,(76.03 ±3.43)％),CD83((72.04±3.45)％,(71.44±3.78)％,( 73.63 ± 3.31 ) ％ ) had no difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).Expression of CD80 ( ( 58.41 ± 3.85 ) ％ ),CD86 ( ( 58.22 ±3.25)％ ) in DC with TSN obviously decreased compared with normal group( (70.36 ± 2.91 )％,(69.31 ±4.29 ) ％,P ＜ 0.01 ) as well as the IL-12 production ( ( 137.88 ± 5.33 ) pg/ml,( 186.04 ± 4.76 ) pg/ml) and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Celecoxib increased the expression of CD80,CD86 (66.83 ± 2.51,63.51 ± 5.47,P＜ 0.01 ) in DC and the same as IL-12 production( ( 170.31 ± 3.46) pg/ml,P ＜ 0.01 ) and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation ( P ＜ 0.01 ),which were lower than the normal level.ConclusionGlioma microenvironment may induce the celecoxib can inhibit the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in gliomas cells and improve the phenotypes and function defect of DCs.

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in astrecytomas, as well as the correlation between them. Methods The expression of COX-2, EGFR and PCNA were respectively detected by immunohistochmical (S-P) method in 68 astrocytomas and 5 cases normal brain tissue. Proliferation index (PI) was calculated and the correlation of COX-2, EGFR and PI was analyzed. Results COX-2 and EGFR were negative expression in normal brain tissue. The positive expression rate of COX-2 and EGFR in high grade astrocytomas was significantly higher than that in low grade astrocytomas(73.53% vs 44. 18% ,67.65% vs 38.24%, P <0. 01 ), and the PI was significantly higher than that in low grade astrocytumas as well as normal brain tissue(46.11 ± 10. 68vs 23. 04±6. 25,4. 52±0. 95, P <0. 01 ). The PI in COX-2 positive group was higher than that in negative group( P <0. 01 ). The positive expression rate of COX-2 in the group with EGFR positive expression was higher than that in the negative group. Conclusions The expression of COX-2 and EGFR was related to pathological feature of astrocytomas. COX-2 may promote the proliferation of tumor cells. There was a static correlation between the expression of EGFR and COX-2 in astrocytomas. EGFR signal transduction probably modulated the expression of COX-2 in astrocytomas cells.

Objective To observe the value of augmented reality(AR)navigation system for assisting CT-guided puncture of pulmonary nodules in dog models.Methods Five healthy dogs were selected,and 4 target lung rings were implanted in each dog to build pulmonary nodule models.Deferring to crossover design,CT-guided punctures were performed with or without AR navigation 2 and 4 weeks after successful modeling,respectively,while punctures with AR navigation were regarded as AR group and the others as conventional group,respectively.The time duration of puncturing,the times of CT scanning,of needle adjustment,and the deviation distance between needle pinpoint to the center of pulmonary nodule shown on three-dimensional reconstruction were compared between groups.Results The duration time of puncture in AR group and conventional group was(13.62±5.11)min and(20.16±4.76)min,respectively.In AR group,the times of CT scanning,of needle adjustment,and the deviation distance was 2.40±0.50,2.75±0.44 and(2.94±1.92)mm,respectively,while in conventional group was 3.10±0.64,3.70±0.57 and(4.90±3.38)mm,respectively.The introduction of AR navigation was helpful to shortening the duration of puncture,reducing times of CT scanning and needle adjustment,also decreasing positioning error of needle pinpoint(all P＜0.05).In contrast,the variance of puncture sequences and dogs had no obvious effect on the results(both P＞0.05).Conclusion AR navigation system could improve accuracy and efficiency in CT-guided puncture of pulmonary nodules in dog models.