Objective To know the influence of psychological nursing on depression of patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis.Methods Evaluated the mental condition by SDS for 46 patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis and 30 health control, and then carried out certain psychological nursing measures for patients.Divided 46 patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis into the intervention group and the control group randomly.There were 23 cases in each group.Psychological nursing cares and routine cares was used in the two group respectively, and then compared the incidence rate of depression in the two groups.Results The negative emotion in the patients with hypokalemie periodic paralysis was significant more obvious than that of in the health control.After the psychological nursing intervention, the SDS scores in the intervention group was released significantly than themselves before the intervention and the scores in the control group in the same time.Conclusions Depression was a common phenomenon in patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis, characteristic psychological nursing intervention can effective release this kind of negative emotion, and then improve their rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the utility of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and localization and biopsy in diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancer. Methods 42 cases with suspect breast cancer by routine film reading but negative clinical palpation were performed localization and biopsy under X-ray orientation and diagnosed with breast cancer by pathology. The characters of those cases were studied.Results Among 42 cases, 5 cases showed micronodules, 8 cases demonstrated local dense infiltration, 11cases had architecture distortion, 18 cases demonstrated micro-calcifications. The type of pathology comprised of intraductal carcinoma (23 cases), tabular carcinoma in situ (2 cases), early infiltration of ductal carcinoma (12 cases), infiltrating ductal carcinoma (3 cases), papilloma carcinoma (2 cases). Conclusion FFDM can clearly show direct and indirect X-ray signs of breast cancer, combined with localization and biopsy the nonpalpable breast cancer can be easily diagnosed.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and the drug resistance of pathogens in infective cases and to provide a foundation for reasonable application of antibacterials.METHODS The information of all bacterial cultures and susceptibility tests from the inpatients in the year of 2006 was analyzed.RESULTS A total of 336 strains of pathogens were isolated,and the pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infection rated the top(60.7%).The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was the highest in Gram-negative bacilli.It was 33.3% to imipenem,and more than 66.6% towards the other antibacterials.All Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin.The resistance rate of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus was more than 75% to the most antibacterials.CONCLUSIONS Inspecting pathogens and strengthening susceptibility tests are very important in reducing drug abuse,decreasing the resistance rate and raising the cure rate in hospital.

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiology of 114C. albicans strains isolated from the vaginal discharge of female patients treated in three obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in Shanghai by analyzing the relationship between the main genotypes and resistance proifle, and the relationship between genetic diversity and cluster ofC. albicans.Methods A total of 114 strains ofC. albicans were collected from the Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Corporation and the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China welfare institute. Phylogenetic analysis of strains were carried out by eBURST.C. albicans strains were also analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The susceptibility of theC. albicans strains was tested by ATB FUNGUS 3.Results A total of 47 diploid strain types (DSTs) were identiifed from the 114 strains, 30 of which were known types. DST 79 and DST 435 were the main types. Of the 114C. albicans strains, 96.5% were susceptible to lfucytosine, 100% to amphotericin B, 85.1% to lfuconazole, 55.2% to itraconazole and 84.3% to voriconazole.Conclusions The pathogenicC. albicans strains isolated from different obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in Shanghai were originated from multiple clones, the main type of which was DST 79 and DST 435 with certain degree of antifungal resistance. MLST typing suggests that genetic diversity is present in theC. albicans strains isolated in Shanghai area. The clustering analysis ofC. albicans strains is consistent with its genotypes.

Objective To compare the changes of intraocular pressure (IOP) in 24 hours between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) and the non-obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(non-OSAS).Methods Sixty patients with OSAS were divided into two groups:OSAS group(n =30) and non-OSAS group (n =30).The following indicators were detected:(1) Awake oxygen saturation ((HSaO2) ％),(2) The lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) ％) ; (3) Mean oxygen saturation ((MSaO2 ％)) ; (4) Oxygen desaturation index ((DI4),time/h:number of times that the hourly oxygen desaturation ≥ 4％) ; (5) The percentage of the time that oxygen saturation ≤ 90％ accounts the total time ((SIT90)％) and 24-hour IOP.IOP was measured from early morning 5:00 and measured once every four hours.The measurement results were compared between two groups.Results There was no significant difference on age ((62.60 ± 12.44) years old vs (65.20 ± 10.66)years old,t =1.48),Course of disease ((22.40 ± 6.88) month vs (25.49 ± 7.22) month,t =1.97),gender (The ratio of male to female is(20/10)vs (17/13),x2 =0.007) between the OSAS and the non-OSAS(P ＞0.05).Value of AHI(h-1) ((27.9 ±6.0) vs (2.5 ±1.1),t =8.78),LSaO2 ((74.7 ±11.7)％ vs (91.8 ±5.9)％,t=3.44),SIT90((13.2±12.4)％ vs(0.2±1.1)％,t=9.92) and ODI4(h-1) ((28.9 ±13.9)vs (6.1 ±4.1),t =8.09) of OSAS was significantly higher than that of non-OSAS(P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).Value of IOP of 21:00 o'clock((20.61±4.15)mm Hg vs(19.60 ± 4.03)mm Hg,t =2.18),1:00 o'clock((23.12 ±3.11)mm Hg vs (20.60 ± 3.29) mm Hg,t =4.64) and 5:00 o' clock ((22.82 ± 2.99)mm Hg vs (17.21 ±3.55) mm Hg,t =4.23) of OSAS was significantly higher than that of non-OSAS (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).The wave ((10.40 ± 2.85)mm Hg vs (8.40 ± 2.55) mm Hg,t =4.15) and maximal ((23.60 ± 3.29) mm Hg vs (21.23 ±3.43)mm-Hg,t =2.60) value of IOP of OSAS was significantly higher than that of non-OSAS(P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference on minimum of IOP between the OSAS and the non-OSAS ((13.20 ± 4.08)mm Hg vs (12.70 ± 4.22) mm Hg,t =0.54,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There are higher wave and maximal value of IOP in the patients of OSAS during the night.It is important to pay attention to IOP in order to protect those patients' visual function.

Objective To compare the characteristics of hMPV infection in BALB/c and SCID mice.Methods BALB/c and SCID mice were infected intranasally with GFP-rhMPV,and sacrificed on day 3,5,7,9 and 14 post inoculation.Heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys and brain of the animals were used for viral isolation,titration,pulmonary histopathology and detection of GFP-hMPV mRNA expression by RT-PCR and real-time PCR.Results Live viruses were successfully isolated from the lungs of infected mice.Viral titers peaked on the 5th day post inoculation.Viruses remained to be detectable on the 14th day post inoculation in SCID mice,but not in BALB/c mice,whereas genomic RNA of GFP-rhMPV was detectable by PCR targeting F gene in infected BALB/c mice.Live viruses were not able to be isolated from heart,liver,spleen,kidney and brain,neither was genomic RNA of hMPV able to be detected on the 5 th day post inoculation by RT-PCR and real-time PCR.Histopathology of lungs was characterized by interstitial pneumonia on 5 days post inoculation.Lung pathology score of BALB/c mice group was slightly lower than SCID,and the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion GFP-rhMPV can only replicate in the immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse lungs,but not in other organs.As compared to that in BALB/c mice,the viral replication appears to be more efficiently and for longer time in SCID mouse lungs probably due to the absence of host cellular and humaral immunity,but this does not necessarily result in more severe pathological lesion.

Objectives:B type ultrasonic diagnosis instrument is used to measure the sebum thickness and the relevance vs evaluated with sebum thickness calipers in sebum thickness determination. Methods:The study included 219 healthy adult persons and 11 cases of corpse dead of non disease reason for less than 10 hours.The measurements of sebum thickness were made by B type ultrasonic diagnosis instrument and sebum thickness calipers respectively. Results:The measurement results of two different methods were not significantly different. Conclusions:It is feasible to use B type ultrasonic diagnosis instrument for the measurement of the sebum thickness in clinic.

r governments and mescal institutions in their prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-Aza-CdR (methylation transferase inhibitor) on gene expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β),transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in chondrocytes.Methods Chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) (n=22),rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n=3) or trauma without rheumatic diseases (n=10) were collected and cultured.The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,TGF-β and NOS were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Chondrocytes in trauma group were treated with 5-Aza-CdR(10μmol/L) for 72 h,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-1β,TGF-β and NOS were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA,respectively.Results The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,TGF-β and NOS were increased in OA and RA group as compared with trauma group (P＜0.05),while they had no differences between OA and RA groups.After treated with 5-Aza-CdR,the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-1β,TGF-β and NOS in chondrocytes rised in trauma group as compared with pretreatment (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,TGF-β and NOS in chondroytes are higher in OA and RA patients.5-Aza-CdR could increase the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-1β,TGF-β and NOS by inducing relative gene methylation,which suggests demethylation might play a role in OA pathogenesis by influncing the inflammatory signal pathway or cell apoptosis.