Objective:To probe the possibility of using STR polymorphism on chromosome 21 to diagnose Down's syndrome.At the same time,some parents of Down's syndrome were analysed using the same motbed.To develop a rapid anti accurate method for Down's syndrome diagnosis and review its pattern.Methods:The small tandem repeats(STR)of D21S11 and D21S1414 on chromosome 21 were analysized by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).100 Down's syndrome samples(blood)and 20 parents' samples(blood)were analyzed with.denaturing polyacrylamide gel(8%)and Silver Nitrate staining.Results:(1) The normal person and two kinds of status in the genotype of a STR gene:①Two bands of same size on the gel electrophoresis were displayed to the heterozygote of two different alleles.②A band on gel electrophoresis was shown to the homozygote of two same allele But the width and thickness of the band were about two times of a single one.(2)There were three kinds of characteristic changes of the number and/or the bands thickness of allele for the Down's Syndrome:①Three different alleles,with three bands of same thickness on gel electrophoresis.②Only two of the three alleles are the same,two bands on gel electrophoresis,and one of the two bands was two times thicker than the other.③Three alleles were the same, only one band on gel electrophoresis.The width and thickness of the band are about three times than single band of normal.(3) The analysis about parents of 20 cases Down's syndrome shows that the two bands were usually derived from mother,and another derived from father in bands of the Down's syndrome on gel electrophoresis.Conclusions:(1)As genetic marker with STR sites (D21S11 and D21S1414)of chromosome 21,Down's syndrome can be diagnosed by PCR,denaturing polyacrylamide gel and Silver nitrate staining analysis.(2)Genetic analysis of the parents of Down's syndrome show that onset of Down's syndrome does not have relationship with the karyotype of the parents.Besides,the extra chromosome 21 is derived from mother usually.

Objective The changing patterns of pathogenic isolates and antibiotic susceptibility in Chongqing's neonates between 2010 and 2015 were investigated for the purpose to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics and control of nosocomial infections.Methods The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility were analyzed.Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were carried out using BD Phoenix 100 automated system and the conventional Kirby-Bauer method.The results were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results A total of 10 569 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated during the period,most of which were gram-negative bacteria (80.8 ％,8 540/10 569),primarily Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.3 ％),followed by Escherichia coli (16.7 ％),Acinetobacter baumanmii (9.9 ％),Enterobacter cloacae (8.6 ％) and Pseudornonas aeruginosa (3.3 ％).Gram-positive strains accounted for 14.1％ (1 490/10 569),mainly Staphylococcus aureus (7.8％),Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.2 ％),and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1.8 ％).Imipenem and meropenem showed high activity against Enterobacteriaceae (＜ 10％ resistant),followed by P.aeruginosa (＞ 10 ％ resistant),and A.baumannii (＞20％ resistant).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains was 8,4 ％ in K.pneumoniae and 2.9 ％ in E.coli isolates,No gram-positive isolates were resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid.Conclusions K.pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated pathogen in the neonates treated in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.The prevalence of A.baumannii isolates is increasing.Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains are emerging.

Objective To investigate the susceptibility and resistance profile of clinical isolates.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1 to December 31,2015.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2015 breakpoints.Results A total of 13 109 clinical isolates were collected from January to December 2015,of which gram negative organisms and gram positive cocci accounted for 65.3 ％ (8 560/13 109) and 34.7 ％ (4 549/13 109),respectively.Methicillin resistant strains in S.aureus (MRSA) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) accounted for 29.6 ％ and 67.1％,respectively.Most (93.1％) MRSA strains were still susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,while 80.2 ％ of MRCNS strains were susceptible to rifampin.No staphylococcal strains were found resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid.The resistance rates of E.faecalis strains to most antibiotics tested (except tetracycline) were much lower than those of E.faecium.Some strains of both species were resistant to vancomycin.No E.faecalis or E.faecium strains were found resistant to vancomycin.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains was 55.7 ％ in E.coli and 43.5 ％ in Klebsiella (K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca) and 11.6 ％ in Proteus mirabilis isolates.ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains were more resistant than non-ESBLs-producing strains in terms of antibiotic resistance rates.Enterobacteriaceae strains were still highly susceptible to carbapenems.Overall,less than 16.0 ％ of these strains were resistant to carbapenems.About 10.5 ％ and 9.4 ％ of the A.baumannii strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Compared to the data of year 2014,the prevalence of extensively-drug resistant P.aeruginosa and K.pneumoniae strains increased.Conclusions The antibiotic resistance of clinical bacterial isolates is growing.The emerging and increasing prevalence of multi-drug or pan-drug resistant strains poses a serious threat to clinical practice and implies the importance of strengthening infection control.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and the drug resistance of pathogens in infective cases and to provide a foundation for reasonable application of antibacterials.METHODS The information of all bacterial cultures and susceptibility tests from the inpatients in the year of 2006 was analyzed.RESULTS A total of 336 strains of pathogens were isolated,and the pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infection rated the top(60.7%).The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was the highest in Gram-negative bacilli.It was 33.3% to imipenem,and more than 66.6% towards the other antibacterials.All Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin.The resistance rate of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus was more than 75% to the most antibacterials.CONCLUSIONS Inspecting pathogens and strengthening susceptibility tests are very important in reducing drug abuse,decreasing the resistance rate and raising the cure rate in hospital.

Objective To observe the pulmonary X-ray changes of malignant malaria.Methods The chest routine X-ray examination in 86 cases with malaria in company with respiratory tract symptoms such as fever was performed,the pulmonary changes were obsenved.Results Of 86 cases, 58 cases were abnormal on chest filmes,including lung framework marked in 33 cases,miliary,small or large patchy shadow in 24 cases and multiple round opaque mass lesion in one case.Conclusion The pulmonary X-ray changes of malignant malaria are varied,the common characteristic is that most of them are situated at middle and lower portion of the lungs.This may attribute to blood dynamic abnormality resulting from malaria protozoan and the pathological changes of involved tissues.

Objective To investigate the eating problems of outpatient infants,preschool age children(1 to 7 years old) enrolled in the Department of Child Health Care,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,and to analyze its correlation with children's physical development,so as to establish strategies for preventing abnormal eating habit in children.Methods A toll of 2458 children met the criteria,and caregivers (mothers) completed the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaires (CEBQ) in Department of Child Health Care,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were selected and the children's sociodemographic data and the morbidity of children eating problems were investigated.The correlation between children's body mass index(BMI) with children's eating problems was determined by using Chi-square test and multiple regression analysis.Results About 66.2％ (1627/2458 cases) had normal weight,and 10.8％ (257/2458 cases) and 8.5 ％ (210/2458 cases) were overweight (BMI ＞ P85-P95) or obese (BMI ≥ P95),respectively.The prevalence of eating behavior problems was detected during 25-36 months.For 1-to-7-year-old children,the highest detection rate of eating problems was inattention and eating at non-permanent locations,occupying 64.7％ (1590/2458 cases)and 50.5％ (1241/2458 cases),respectively;the prevalence rate of preferring to junk food was the lowest,accounting for 19.3％ (474/2458 cases).The children's eating problems had a high association with the children's BMI.Among them,children with eating problems,such as difficultly in accepting the varying food stuff[at the age of 12 month,odds ratio(OR)=11.50,95％ confidence interval(CI):1.84-72.16] and eating at non-permanent locations(at 25-36month,OR=1.77,95 ％ CI:1.11-2.83),were prone to be wasting away;children with eating problems,such as preferring to junk food (at 12 month,OR=5.08,95 ％ CI:1.43-18.00;13-18 month,OR=2.17,95 ％ CI:1.06-4.44),rarely eating vegetables or fruit (19-24 month,OR=4.06,95％CI:1.46-11.31) and inattention (12 month,OR=3.85,95 ％ CI:1.52-9.79),were associated with overweight or obesity (all P＜0.01).Conclusions There was a high prevalence of eating problems in children between 12-84 month(1-7 years old) in Nanjing.Improper children's eating behaviors can increase the risks of wasting away or children's overweight/obesity.

Objective:To prepare urokinase targeted thrombus microbubbles combined with low frequency ultrasound to dissolve thrombus in rabbit femoral artery, and to explore the mechanism of thrombolysis through the change of urokinase concentration.Methods:Twenty-four rabbits with thrombosed femoral artery were randomly divided into four treatment groups: urokinase alone (UK) group, ultrasound with non-targeted microbubble and urokinase (US+ M+ UK) group, platelet-targeted microbubble with urokinase (R+ UK) group, ultrasound with platelet-targeted microbubble and urokinase (US+ R+ UK) group. Thrombus-targeted microbubbles were injected through the ear vein and irradiated by ultrasound for 30 minutes, and the pulsed Doppler blood flow meter was used to continuously monitor the blood flow at 0 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min after injection. At the same time, the changes in urokinase concentration were monitored, and the characteristics of blood flow and urokinase concentration changes were analyzed.Results:UK and US+ M+ UK groups failed to show recanalization at 120 minutes after treatment.In contrast, the US+ R+ UK and R+ UK groups both achieved persistent recanalization( P<0.001). Compared with the basal state. Both the R+ UK group and R+ UK+ US group showed a decrease at 60 minutes, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the thrombolysis process of low-frequency ultrasound combined with a targeted contrast agent carrying urokinase, the targeting can make the local urokinase concentration of thrombus reach the highest level. At the same time, ultrasound and targeted microbubbles promote urokinase to enter the thrombus, and finally achieve the strongest thrombolytic effect.

[Objective] To research the sedative effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine and sufentanil for pediatric sedation for stomatological operation of outpatient department.[Methods] 60 children undergoing stomatological operation of outpatient department,age 3 ～ 7 years,weighing 10 ～ 32 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ,were divided into the three groups (n =20) randomly using a random number table:group dexmedetomidine and sufentanil (group DS),group dexmetomidine (group D),group sufentanil (group S).Recorded the children's behavior using the Ohio State University behavior rating score (OSUBRS),the University of Michigan Sedation Score (UMSS),SBP,HR and side-effects when entry,during and leave operation and in post-anesthesia care unit,side-effects,the satisfaction of stomatological doctors and parents.[Results] The OSUBRS of group DS when entry,during operation were lower than group D (P ＜ 0.01).The UMSS of group DS were higher than group D and group S when entry and during operation (P ＜ 0.05).The success rate of group DS was higher than group D and group S (P ＜ 0.01).There was no different of mean percentage change in systolic blood pressure and heart rate from baseline between group DS and group D (P ＞ 0.05).There were no instances of respiratory depression,hypotension and bradycadia.[Conclusion] Intranasal dexmedetomidine and sufentanil provides satisfactory pediatric sedation for stomatological operation of outpatient department without side effects such as respiratory depression,bradycadia and hypotension.

To solve the problems in the materials,spirit and abiligy of the students from the article poor family,claims to construct a fire-new university students subsidizing system from the trinity of ‘subsidize,encourage,quality development’ by the three sides:the multi-funding channels,multi-dimensional motivational strategies and diverse quality development training,aiming at enhancing the effect of the funded job in high school.

Objective:To study the effect of Levocarnitine preconditionon on the myocardial ultrastructure of ischemic rats and the long last calcium channel. Methods: We randomly divided 30 rats into a control group, a Levocarnitine group and a Dihydrochloride group. After the establishment of ischemic models, we observed the ultrastructure of the ischemic myocardium with optical and transmission electron microscopes, and detected the influx of calcium in the long last calcium channel with the patch clamp. Results: Levocarnitine protected the ultrastructure of ischemic myocardium and inhibited the influx of calcium in the long last calcium channel. Conclusion: Levocarnitine can reduce the severity and extent of ischemia-induced damage to the myocardium, protect mitochondria, stabilize its oxidation, inhibit the long last calcium channel of ischemic ventricular myocytes and lessen the injury induced by calcium overload.