Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease in children.In recent years,the inci-dence of bronchial asthma is rising and seriously harmed to the public health,has been gained comprehensive attention in community and scholars.With the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of asthma,the immunologi-cal dysfunction caused by disordered Th1 /Th2 cell play a major role in the pathogenesis of asthma,and im-munotherapy for its pathogenesis has also made great progress,which is expected to become the safer,more effective and more specific treatment.Currently immunomodulator for the treatment of asthma can be divided into four categories according to the source:microbial agents,biological agents,herbal or plant origin and syn-thetic agents.Microbial agents which include BCG,Pan Fu Shu,biologics including Th2 receptor antagonist, Th1 cytokines,anti-IgE antibody,immunoglobulin,thymosin,synthetic agents include pidotimod,transfer fac-tor,traditional Chinese medicine or plant.The main source of Gin kgo biloba extract,Huaiqihuang etc.We make a summary on the research progress and immunomodulator in the treatment of asthma in this review.

Objective To investigate the value of plasma N terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-BNP) in dialysis adequacy assessment of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods One hundred and twelve MHD patients were divided into hemodialysis adequacy group (group A,63 patients,cardiothoracic ration ＜0.5) and hemodialysis inadequate group (group B,49 patients,cardiothoracic ration ≥ 0.5).The plasma NT-BNP levels of pre-dialysis,dialysis end,4th and 24th hour after dialysis were compared.Before and after dialysis the inferior vena cava diameter (VCD) was checked.The correlation between NT-BNP level at the end of dialysis,cardiothoracic ration and post dialysis VCD were analyzed.Results The levels of NT-BNP in group A,B before dialysis were(13 808 ± 7611) and (25 573 ± 8444)ng/L respectively,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of NT-BNP in two groups increased at the end of dialysis,but there was no significant difference (P ＞0.05).Then the levels of NT-BNP in two groups decreased significantly at 4th hour after dialysis (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of NT-BNP in two groups at 4th hour after dialysis were (8256 ±6611) and (21 320 ±6828) ng/L,and there was significant difference (P＜ 0.01).At 24th hour after dialysis,the level of NT-BNP in group A was still at a low level,but in group B,the level of NT-BNP increased again.Before dialysis,the levels of VCD between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).After dialysis,the level of VCD in group B decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.05).After dialysis,the level of VCD in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(P＜ 0.05).The level of NT-BNP had positive relationship with cardiothoracic ration and VCD (r =0.462,P＜ 0.01 ;r =0.513,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion The level of NT-BNP can reflect the volume overload and urea clearance index of MHD,which may be a more comprehensive evaluation index of the adequacy of dialysis.

Objective To prepare ?-CD(?-cyclodextrin) inclusion compounds and PEG- 4000[poly-(ethylene glycol) 4000] solid dispersions of mefenamic acid (MFA)in order to improve its dissolution. Methods The inclusion compounds of MFA were prepared using saturated ?-CD solution method by orthogonal test. The solid dispersions were prepared using melt-cool process with PEG- 4000 as a carrier. The inclusion compounds and solid dispersions were identified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) gram and their dissolution rates were tested in pH8.0 buffer solution. Results The suitable condition for preparing ?-CD inclusion compounds of MFA industrially was the weight ratio of 1∶4 between MFA and ?-CD, agitating for 4 h at 70 ℃. The suitable proportion for preparing solid dispersions of MFA was the weight ratio of 1∶4 between MFA and PEG- 4000. Conclusion Dissolution rates of MFA are apparently improved in inclusion compounds and PEG- 4000 solid dispersions, and the solubility of MFA is apparently increased by 2～3 times in inclusion compounds and PEG- 4000 solid dispersions.

Objective To evaluate the value of real-time ultrasonic elastography in the differential diagnosis of rectal tumors.Methods One hundred patients (30 cases of adenoma and 70 cases of adenocarcinoma) with rectal tumors proved by pathology and 70 normal subjects referred to the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from April 2012 to October 2013 were included in this prospective cohort. All patients underwent real-time ultrasonic elastography. The tumour tissue and reference tissue were chosen for strain ratio measurements. Only tumor tissue was selected for the tumor sample area. Tissue recognized as normal rectal wall and perirectal tissue was selected as the reference sample area. At the same time the elasticity score were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the elasticity score and strain ratio method were used to find the cut-off point of adenoma and adenocarcinoma. The corresponding sensitivity, accuracy and specifi city were calculated. One-way ANOVA was used to comparestrain ratio value among healthy control group, retal adenoma group and rectal adenocarcinoma group and among patients with different preoperative stages of adenocarcinoma group. LSD-t test was used to compare strain ratio value between two groups.Results ROC curve showed that the best cut-off value of elasticity score in diagnosis of rectal tumor was 3, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.1%, 73.1% and 82.0%, and the area under ROC curve was 0.780. The best cut-off value of strain ratio in diagnosis of rectal tumour was 2.34, the sensitivity, specifi city and accuracy in diagnosis were 91.4%, 83.3% and 89.0%, and the area under ROC curve was 0.945. Strain ratio of healthy control group, rectal adenoma group and rectal adenocarcinoma group was 0.74±0.44, 1.75±0.58 and 7.48±6.80. There was signifi cantly statistical difference among three groups in strain ratio. Compared with the strain ratio of healthy control group and rectal adenoma group, that of rectal adenocarcinoma group was higher (t=-8.26, P=0.000; t=-6.98,P=0.000). Compared with the strain ratio of healthy control group, that of rectal adenoma group was higher (t=-8.53,P=0.000). Strain ratio of patients with preoperative pathological stages T1, T2, T3 and T4 rectal carcinoma was 4.91±3.60, 7.07±7.23, 8.64±2.62 and 8.58±9.95 and there was no significantly statistical difference among patients with different preoperative stages of adenocarcinoma group (F=0.86,P=0.47).Conclusion The real-time ultrasonic elastography is a promising modalityfor the differential diagnosis of rectal tumors.

The purpose of this study is to find out anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT)/protease (PR) activity and inhibition of virus replication in cell cultures of novel coumarin analogs and determine their structure-activity relationship. Coumarin derivatives have been demonstrated to inhibit the activity of HIV-1 RT/PR in cell free system. It also shows inhibition effects to HIV-1 replication in cell culture. Based on the Chinese traditional pharmacological characteristics and protein three dimension computer aided design, analogs of tetracyclic dipyranocoumarin were synthesized from natural leading compounds. We studied the relationship of antiviral effects and chemical structures via HIV-1 PR/RT enzyme models and cell culture model system. Seven compounds were designed and tested. Several compounds showed anti-HIV-1 activity in varying degrees, especially V0201 showed much higher anti-HIV-1 activity with 3.56 and 0.78 micromol x L(-1) of IC50 against HIV-1 PR/RT and 0.036 micromol x L(-1) against HIV-1 replication in PBMC cultures. V0201 with a novel structure may be a new leading compound. These new compounds are valuable for development of new anti-HIV drugs in the future.

Objective To investigate the genotype of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) acquired from intensive care units (ICUs) environment in Shanghai hospitals and to evaluate the gene homology of CRAB isolated from patients and environment in ICUs in Shanghai hospital.Methods Sixty-one CRAB isolated from ICUs environment in Shanghai hospitals and 14 strains isolated from ICUs patients in S hospital were typed by REP-PCR based DiversiLab system.Results There were 7 types of the CRAB isolated from ICUs environment in Shanghai hospitals.Type G1 was the dominant type,accounting for 75.4％ of all CRAB,mainly in 13 hospitals in Shanghai.The percentage of the 7 types CRAB strains were 75.4％,13.1％,3.3％,1.6％,1.6％,3.3％ and 1.6％,respectively.Except for 1 strain of type G6 isolated in D hospital,type G1 CRAB was identified in every hospital which was isolated CRAB.There were 25 strains isolated from patients and environment in S hospital ICUs,which were divided into 4 types.Type G1 was the dominant type mainly distributed in SICU and CICU,including 9 from patients and 8 from environment.The distribution diagram of environmental and patients' strains indicated that the patients in adjacent bed isolated G1 CRAB in SICU and a patient in CICU and its surrounding environment both isolated G1 CRAB.Conclusion Type G1 is the dominant type in ICUs environment in Shanghai hospitals.There are inter-hospital transmission of CRAB in ICUs environment and highly homology of CRAB isolated from patients and environment in ICUs in Shanghai hospitals.Active surveillance of infection and colonization by CRAB,together with implementation of enhanced control strategies should be taken to eradicate CRAB in ICU environment.

Objective To investigate the application of parametric quantification (PQ) with targeted microbubbles on angiogenesis after stem cell transplantation in rabbits with myocardial infarction.Methods A CD34-targeted microbubble was prepared.Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model were established by ligating coronary artery in 80 New Zealand white rabbits.Rabbits in common microbubble group (T + C group) and CD34-targeted microbubble group (T + T group) were subjected to myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE),then compare myocardial perfusion parameters (A,β and A × β values) pre- and 3d post- ligation and 4 weeks after stem cell transplantation.Microvessel density (MVD) were determine by CD34 antibody immunohistochemistry.Results Compared to before stem cell transplantation,the perfusion scores ( P ＜0.05) and A,β and A× β values( P ＜0.01) of T+ C group and T+ T group were increased than before transplantation and control group.MVDs after stem cell transplantation in experimental groups were higher than those of control group ( P ＜0.01),especially the T + T group.A × β value in the T + C group was correlated with MVD ( r =0.658,P ＜ 0.05) ; β and A × β value in the T + T group were correlated with MVD ( r =0.620,0.859,P ＜0.05).A × β value ( X ) and MVD ( Y ) were included to establish the following regression equation:Y =- 130.986 + 34.505 X ( R 2 =0.556,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PQ and CD34-targeted microbubble probably provides some value in invasive evaluation of angiogenesis after stem cell transplantation.

Objective To study the sonograms of tuberculous peritonitis and improve the diagnostic accuracy of this disease.Methods We retrispectively analyzed 138 cases of tuberculous peritonitis diagnosed by ultrasonically guided biopsy,postoperative pathology,and clinical manifestation.The characteristics of the sonograms were analyzed,including the amount and character of ascites,the changes in greater omentum,peritoneum,and mesenterium.the enlarged celiac lymph nodes,and the organ involvement.Results The sonograms of tuberculous peritonitis were characterized by thickening of greater omentum with different degrees of ascites,which usually presented cerebral fissure sign under high-frequency ultrasound,together with aggregation of intestines,thickening of peritoneum,enlarged celiac lymph nodes,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly,and pleural effusion.Conclusion Ultrasonography is of great clinical significance in the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis and the guidance of greater omentum biopsy.

The study aims to characterize and compare interferon reference standards from 5 manufacturers. By testing molecular mass and trypsin-digested peptide mass mapping, the amino acid sequence was verified and post-translational modifications such as disulfide bond were identified. Results show that the molecular mass and amino acid sequence were consistent with theory; the disulfide bonds of 4 lots of interferon were Cys1-Cys98/Cys29-Cys138, 1 lot was Cys29-Cys139/Cys86-Cys99; N-terminal "+Met", acetyl N-terminal and Met oxidation were identified in part of the sample. UPLC-MS can be used to characterize and compare interferon reference standards from different manufacturers.

Objective To study the effcet of necrosis and apoptosis induced by Brucea javanica oil emulsion on bladder cancer BIU-87 cells. MethodsBrucea javanica oil emulsion of different concentration was added to the bladder cancer BIU-87 cell cultured in vitro. The ratio of apoptosis/necrosis cells and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) were detected with flow cytometer. The dissipation of cytochrome C was observed with confocal microscopy. ResultsHigh concentration brucea javanica oil emulsion reduced MMP which led cell necrosis, while that of low concentration diffused the cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm which induced cell apoptosis. ConclusionHigh concentration brucea javanica oil emulsion mainly causes BIU-87 cells to necrosis, low concentration induces cell to apoptosis.