Objective To investigate the relationship between omentin-1 and Coronary heart disease in different glucose tolerance populations. Methods Serum omentin-1 levels were determined by ELISA in 143 subjects with normal glucose tolerance,impaired glucose tolerance with CHD, type 2 diabetes mellitus with CHD. The relationships between omentin-1 and waist- to-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI), blood Glucose, serum insulin,HOMA-IR and blood fat were also explored.Coronary artery stenosis was screnned by coronary interventional angiography and assessed by Gensini scoring system. Results Serum omentin-1 levels were all lower in T2DM and IGT subjects than those in control subjects (P<0.01). Serum omentin-1 was correlated positively with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < 0.01),and inversely with body mass index,waist-hip ratio,diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,HbA1c,[w1]and insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(P<0.05 or P <0.01).Omentin-1 levels was negative related with Gensini coronary artery score (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression showed body mass index,HOMA-IR,diastolic blood pressure were independently associated with omentin-1 levels (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Serum omentin-1 levels, associated with fat,insulin sensitivity, are likely to play an important role in insulin resistance and the development of CHD in populations with different glucose tolerance.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of three high-level chemical disinfectants for sterilization on cauterization of dental instruments.METHODS The measuring methods for disinfectants on cauterization of metal instruments,and usage indications for disinfectants followed Technical Standard for Disinfection published in 2002 by the Ministry of Health.Fourteen kinds of small instruments(grouped by 4 different metal materials) were analyzed on receipt and after sterilization by three high-level disinfectants(2% glutaraldehyde,chlorine dioxide, and symclosene),using cauterization rate.RESULTS Three high-level disinfectants had different cauterization rates,the cauterization rate was affected by concentration of disinfectant,sterilizing time,and morphology of instruments.The cauterization of chlorine dioxide was the strongest,followed by symclosene(trichloroisocyanuric acid),and then 2% glutaraldehyde.CONCLUSIONS In clinical sterilization,different materials of small instruments need proper disinfectants,concentration and sterilizing time for decreasing their cauterization.

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) combined with saline injection and ultrasound-guided compression repair (UGCR) for upper limb pseudoaneurysm (PSA). Methods The clinical features and therapeutic efficacy of UGCR and UGTI for PSA of the upper extremities were retrospectively assessed after catheterization through radial artery. When UGCR was conducted, PSA, its communicating emissaries with other arteries were first identified with color Doppler, and then direct manual compression over the aneurysm for 30 minutes until complete thrombosis was observed. When UGCR failed, a 20-22G needle was inserted into PSA and saline was injected with continuous color Doppler guidance to confirm that the tip of the needle was in the aneurysm. Then thrombin was injected into the aneurysmal sac. All the patients were followed-up clinically and with ultrasound 24h or 14-30 days after the treatments. Results For the 14 patients with upper limb PSA who received UGCR for the first time, 5 were cured with a success rate of 35.7%. Nine cases underwent repeated UGCR treatment, and it was successful in four patients. The overall success rate for UGCR was 64.3% (9/14). All the five patients in whom UGCR failed were successfully cured when UGTI was conducted. In four cases it was successful after the first UGTI, and only one patient received repeated UGTI treatment. The total success rate for UGTI was 100% (5/5). No obvious adverse effect and recurrence were found after follow-up for 14-30 days in all patients. Conclusions Both UGCR and UGTI are safe, effective, and expedient treatment for patients with PSA in the upper extremity. UGTI is the preferred method for its simplicity, high success rate and avoidance of possible distal arterial embolism.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of anticoagulant proteins defect in patients with unexplained miscarriage. Methods Fifty-seven patients with a history of unexplained abortion in Peking union hospital during may. 1999 to April 2000. were tested for protein S, protein C, and antithrombin(AT)Ⅲ, activated protein C resistance(APC-R).The control group consisted of 50 healthy women with a history of normal pregnancy and delivery. Blood samples were taken for measuring protein S, protein C, AT-Ⅲ and APC-R. Patients with APC-R positive were measured for FV Leiden gene mutation by PCR-RFLP method. Results Of the 57 patients, there were 21.1%?1.8% and 8.8% with protein S?protein C and AT-Ⅲ deficiency respectively. For APC-R 22.8% of the 57 patients were positive .In control group, 4.0% were protein S deficiency; None was protein C and AT-Ⅲ deficiency ; 6.0% were positive for APC-R .No FV Leiden gene mutation was found in all the patients with APC-R positive .The incidence of anticoagulant proteins defect is higher in late spontaneous abortion group than that in early abortion group. Conclusions This study demonstrate that anticoagulant protein defects may be associated with pregnancy loss, especially the late spontaneous abortion.

Objectives To explore the influencing factors of delirium in elderly patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU. Methods Using a self-designed questionnaire,the investigation was done among 210 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation to evaluate the delirium condition and look into the influence factors of delirium.Results 112 cases(53.3%)of the elderly patients were affected with delirium.The major influencing factors included duration of mechanical ventilation,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHEⅡ),hypoxia,sleep deprivation.Conclusion The incidence of delirium is higher among the elderly patients with mechanical ventilation.As for nursing strategy,providence of family nursing,close observation of the disease changes, enhanced respiratory function and practical orientation cognitive training are important for the reduction of the incidence of delirium in the elderly patients with mechanical ventilation.

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the transfer of a sugar residue of an activated sugar donor to an acceptor molecule. Many families 1 GTs utilize an uridine diphosphate (UDP) activated sugar as donor in the glycosylation reaction, and most of these belong to a group of GTs referred to as the UGTs. The relationship between the degree of amino acid sequence identity and substrate specificity of the plant UGTs is highly complicated, and the prediction of substrate specificity based on phylogenetic analyses need to be improved by more biochemical characterization. This review summarizes the three dimensional structures of plant UGTs published in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), including the detailed substrate interactions with the sugar and receptor binding pockets and mutational analyses of some critical amino acids. It will be helpful for biochemical characterization the substrate specificity of the individual UGT, and lay the foundation for the enzymatic and genetic manipulation of plant UGTs in the future.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Glycosylation ; Glycosyltransferases ; chemistry ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; Plants ; enzymology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Substrate Specificity ; Uridine Diphosphate ; chemistry

Objective To investigate effects of different concentrations of dexmedetomidine on onset time and clinical time-effect of rocuronium in the processes of the total intravenous anesthesia.Methods Sixty patients with elective anesthesia breast modified radical mastectomy,aged 26 to 55 years,were randomly divided into four groups of 15 patients.Group A (control group):uniform within 10 min before induction of anesthesia saline infusion (NS ; 0.25 ml/kg) ; group B:dexmedetomidine given initial dose 0.3 μg/kg uniform within 10 min before induction of anesthesia infusion finished,anesthesia period 0.3 μg/(g · h) continuous infusion until the end of surgery; group C:dexmedetomidine given initial dose 0.6 μg/kg uniform within 10 min before anesthesia infusion finished,during anesthesia with continuous infusion 0.6 μg/'(kg · h) until the end of surgery ; and group D:dexmedetomidine given initial dose 1 μg/kg uniform within 10 min before anesthesia infusion finished,during anesthesia to 1 μg/(kg · h) continuous infusion to the end of surgery.Patients after the burglary were under multi-monitor vital signs monitoring blood pressure (BP),heart rate (HR),oxygen saturation (SPO2),electrocardiogram (ECG),and after intubation monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2),recording time T0 and T25.Results No significant difference was found at the T0 time in each group.However,the T25 time (48 ± 6) min in group C and (51 ±6) min in group D was significant longer than that (40 ±6)min in group A (P ＜0.05).The mean artery pressure(MAP) of group C and D [(88.76 ± 7.06)mmHg,(87.89 ± 6.95)mmHg] were significantly lower than group A after dexmedetomidine infusion 5 min later(P ＜ 0.05); The HR of groups B and C [(60.80 ± 7.11)bpm,(63.31 ± 5.78)bpm] were significantly lower than group A before induction (P ＜ 0.05).The HR of group D was significantly lower than group A before induction and after infusion 5 and 30 min later[(66.40 ± 9.49) bpm,(60.52 ± 7.45) bpm,(61.32 ± 7.11) bpm,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Under the status of total intravenous anesthesia,different concentrations of dexmedetomidine did not affect the onset time of rocuronium,but dexmedetomidine given up to a certain concentration could enhance the clinical time-effect of rocuronium.

Objective To investigate the expression of MIF in PBMC, sera and lacrimal fluid samples in patients with AD, and study the diagnostic significance of MIF in AD. Methods Forty-three AD patients (11 mild AD patients,23 moderate AD patients, 9 severe AD patients classfied by SCORAD index)and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were recruited. Real-time RT-PCR was employed to analyze the expression of MIF mRNA in PBMC. ELISA was performed to detect the concentrations of MIF in sera and lacrimal fluid samples. Results AD patients had significantly higher levels of MIF mRNA in PBMC than normal controls [7.46 (3.38-8.90) vs 1.67 ( 1.24-2.45 ), Z=-6.141, P ＜ 0.05]. The concentrations of MIF in sera and lacrimal fluid samples in AD patients were also markedly higher than those of normal controls [serum 36. 32( 11.89-43.80) μg/L vs 7.89(6.13-9.54) μg/L, Z = -6.180,P <0.05; lacrimal fluid 12.66(2.01-20.12) μg/L vs 0.85(0.77-1.06) μg/L, Z = -4.118,P <0.05]. MIF mRNA levels were 2.35 ( 2.12-2.49 ) , 7.83 ( 6. 54-8.90 ) and 8.76 ( 8.22-9.73 ) in mild, moderate and severe AD respectively, and the expression was higher in moderate and severe AD than in normal controls (Z= -6.237, -4.520,P ＜0.05). MIF serum concentrations were 8.98(7.90-10.51) μg/L, 36.50 (29.78-43.23) μg/L and 45.70(41.27-48. 84) μg/L in mild, moderate and severe AD respectively, and the differences were significant in moderate and severe AD compared to normal controls ( Z = - 6.238,- 4.521, P < 0.05 ). The lacrimal fluid MIF oncentrations were 1.10 ( 0.83-1.35 ) μg/L, 12.66 ( 9.76-15.87) μg/L and 24. 65 ( 19.29-30.94) μg/L in mild, moderate and severe AD respectively. Similarly,they increased significantly in moderate and severe AD compared to normal controls (Z = -4.062,- 3.372, P ＜ 0.05 ). In moderate and severe AD, MIF mRNA levels in PBMCs and MIF concentrations in sera and lacrimal fluid samples were all positively correlated with the severity of AD ( r = 0.395, 0.404,0.515, P < 0.05 ). Conclusions The expression of MIF in PBMCs, sera and lacrimal fluid samples is higher in different course of AD. MIF can serve as a useful laboratory parameter for evaluation of AD activity and severity.

Objective To evaluate the value of retrospective ECG-gated 256 slices spiral CT technique in the scanning of inferior phrenic artery (IPA).Methods 80 patients with underdone abdominal CTA were divided randomly into two groups (40 patients each)as regular abdominal CTA scanning group and retrospective ECG-gated technique group.And further analysis was done to evaluate the display of IPA branches and the image quality.Results 80 patients were all scanned successfully.40 cases LIPA and 40 cases RIPA were showed in the regular group.80 cases showed 1st level branches of IPA,73 cases with 2nd level,59 cases with 3rd and 43 ca-ses showing 4th level.40 cases LIPA and 40 cases RIPA were showed in ECG-gated group.And the numbers of IPA branches levels were 80,79,71,65,respectively.There is no significant difference in the ability of showing the1st level IPA or their image quality between those two groups (P >0.05);and there is a statistical significance in the ability of showing other levels of IPA and their im-age quality.Conclusion It is feasible that we use retrospective ECG-gated 256 slices spiral CT scanning technique to show the IPA. And it could improve the ability of showing the IPA branches as well as the image quality.

Objective To treat the patients with primary dysmenorrhea by puncturing Shiqizhui (EX-B8) and observe the change and regularity of the analgesic effect with different needle-retaining time, for providing evidence for the optimal needle-retaining time. Method Ninety eligible subjects with primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into a 20 min group of 30 cases, a 30 min group of 30 cases, and a blank control group of 30 cases. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to observe the change before and after intervention with the time, and to compare the intergroup differences. Result The acupuncture groups started to show analgesic effect 10 min after needling, and the effect increased with the needle-retaining time (P＜0.05);the therapeutic efficacy of the 30 min group was significantly superior to that of the 20 min group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Acupuncture at Shiqizhui can produce a real-time analgesic effect for patients with primary dysmenorrhea, and retaining the needle for 30 min is superior to 20 min.