Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease in children.In recent years,the inci-dence of bronchial asthma is rising and seriously harmed to the public health,has been gained comprehensive attention in community and scholars.With the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of asthma,the immunologi-cal dysfunction caused by disordered Th1 /Th2 cell play a major role in the pathogenesis of asthma,and im-munotherapy for its pathogenesis has also made great progress,which is expected to become the safer,more effective and more specific treatment.Currently immunomodulator for the treatment of asthma can be divided into four categories according to the source:microbial agents,biological agents,herbal or plant origin and syn-thetic agents.Microbial agents which include BCG,Pan Fu Shu,biologics including Th2 receptor antagonist, Th1 cytokines,anti-IgE antibody,immunoglobulin,thymosin,synthetic agents include pidotimod,transfer fac-tor,traditional Chinese medicine or plant.The main source of Gin kgo biloba extract,Huaiqihuang etc.We make a summary on the research progress and immunomodulator in the treatment of asthma in this review.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dental water jet on oral hygiene maintenance in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Methods One hundred and twenty orthodontic patients with fixed appliances were randomly assigned into the manual toothbrush group and the dental water jet group. Dental plaque was evaluated and compared before the bonding of orthodontic appliances, three months and six months after the treatment. Results There was no significant difference between two groups before treatment. But the dental water jet group was superior than the manual toothbrush group in dental plaque index 3 and 6 months after treatment. Conclusions Dental water jet can reduce dental plaque and im -prove the oral hygiene of patients with fixed appliances.

Objective To investigate the expression levels and the roles of IL-17 and IL-23 in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia. Methods One hundred and three children with pneumonia admitted to pediatric department from February to May in 2012 were divided into MP pneumonia group and non-MP pneumonia group according to the results of MP antibody tests. Meanwhile, 42 healthy children were chosen as normal controls. Serum levels of IL-17, IL-23 and MP antibodies were measured in all children. Immunoglobulin, C reactive protein, total white blood cell count and granulocyte count were detected in children with pneumonia. Results The serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were signiifcantly different among three groups (P<0.05). The children in MP pneumonia group had higher levels of IL-17 and IL-23 than those in non-MP pneumonia group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were higher in two pneumonia groups (P<0.05). There was no signiifcant difference in levels of IL-17 and IL-23 between pneumonia patients with normal and with abnormal levels of immunoglobulin (P>0.05), while IL-17 and IL-23 levels were both positively correlated with granulocyte count (P<0.05).Conclusion IL-17 and IL-23 may be involved in the immune response of MP pneumonia and may contribute to the clearance of pathogens.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in regenerative nodules(RNs)and small hepatocellular carcinoma(sHCC).Methods Thirty-four cases of liver cirrhosis with small nodule were examined by CEUS.Among these cases,18 cases with 20 lesions were diagnosed s HCC,16 cases with 18 lesions were diagnosed RN eventually,all the diagnoses were confirmed by pathology.Perfusion characteristic and quantitative difference of RNs and sHCC were summarized.Results ①The majority of sHCC showed hyper-enhancement during the arterial phase,iso-enhancement or hypo-enhancement during the portal phase,hypo-enhancement during the late phase.The enhanced phase and degree of RNs were diverse,most of RNs showed iso enhancement during the three phases.The enhanced phase of two groups had significant difference(P ＜0.05).②The enhancement type of RNs and sHCC had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).③ 11 of 20 sHCC lesions showed contrast-enhancement pattern of fast-in and slow-out,9 lesions were fast-in and fast-out;among 18 RNs,1 lesion enhanced during the portal phase and the late phase,it didn't enhanced during the arterial phase,3 lesions started to enhanced at the late arterial phase,14 lesions were iso-enhancement during the three phases.④Comparison of parameters of RNs and the adjacent liver parenchyma had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).Compared with the adjacent liver parenchyma or RNs,the arrival time and peak time were shorter,the peak intensity and the curve sharpness were higher in sHCC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CEUS is a useful method to distinguish RNs and sHCC in liver cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the predicative value of midkine (MK) as a cancer biomarker for metastatic lesions in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with positive thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) before the first 131Ⅰ therapy.Methods MK levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 151 recruited DTC patients included in this study according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.There were 28 TgAb positive DTC patients with metastases and 123 DTC patients without metastases.The value of pre-131Ⅰ-ablative MK to predict metastasis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in these two groups of patients.Results MK levels were significantly higher in TgAb positive DTC patients than those in DTC patients without metastases.MK levels showed good diagnostic value,with an area under the curve of 0.856 (P＜0.001),and a diagnostic accuracy of 83％ at the optimal cut-off value of 550 ng/L.Conclusion Results show that MK can potentially be used as a surrogate biomarker for predicting DTC metastases when thyroglobulin is not suitable due to TgAb positivity.

Objectives:B type ultrasonic diagnosis instrument is used to measure the sebum thickness and the relevance vs evaluated with sebum thickness calipers in sebum thickness determination. Methods:The study included 219 healthy adult persons and 11 cases of corpse dead of non disease reason for less than 10 hours.The measurements of sebum thickness were made by B type ultrasonic diagnosis instrument and sebum thickness calipers respectively. Results:The measurement results of two different methods were not significantly different. Conclusions:It is feasible to use B type ultrasonic diagnosis instrument for the measurement of the sebum thickness in clinic.

Objective To explore the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)and the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.Methods 20 consecutive newly diagnosed middle-aged OSAS patients(OSAS group)with neither controllable factors nor conditions affecting left ventricular diastolic function and 15 healthy control subjects(control group)were examined with echocardiography.Results The OSAS group exhibited left ventricular diastolic dysfunction compared with the control group,including increase of isovolumic relaxation time(P<0.05)and mitral deceleration time(P<0.05),decrease of E/A.There was no difference between tow groups in interventricular systolic thickness,posterior wall thickness,left ventricular systolic diameter,left ventricular diastolic diameter and others.Conclusion OSAS may be related with the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

Objective To explore the Hobiletin improving cognitive function and the possible mechanism to protect the hippocampal neurons.Methods Eight of Wistar rats,SPF,12 weeks of age,male,were set to the normal group;Eight of GK male rats,SPF,12 weeks of age,only for diabetes group;Both of the two groups were given the normal feed.6 of GK male rats,12 weeks of age,to feed Hobiletin of orange peel 10 mg/kg and lavage for 8 weeks,were set to the NOB group.After 22 weeks the rats were tested by Morris water maze behavior experiment for test the ability of learning and memory;the expression of Nrf-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the incubation period of diabetes group was longer (P＜0.05),and theescape latency of NOB group was shorter than that of diabetes group (P＜0.05).Compared with the normal group,the residence time in the target quadrant was shorter in the diabetes group (P＜0.05),and prolonged in the NOB group than in the diabetes model group (P＜0.05).The expression of Nrf-2 in diabetes group was significantly higher than that in diabetes group (P＜0.05).The expression of NH-2 in NOB group was significantly higher than that in diabetes group (P＜0.05).Conclusion NOB can increase the expression of Nrf-2 in hippocampus and improve the cognitive function of diabetic rats,which may be related to the enhancement of Nrf-2 activity and the activation of anti-oxidative stress pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To ensure the stability of electronic data capture(EDC)system in drug clinical trials and to improve the quality of drug clinical trials. METHODS:The quality control system for EDC system was established and introduced from the formulation of quality control process,establishment of data standard,trial project management,daily management,trial project design,system operation,system function,etc. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Data standard have been achieved through estab-lishing EDC quality control system by our hospital based on attributable,legible,contemporaneous,original and accurate principle. The management of trial project and daily management are conducted through data registration,staff training,the formulation of da-ta management plan,fault emergency treatment,database backup;multiple verification of support data,data lock and export,trial report autogeneration and other functions have been realized by formulating related standard operation instruction,program file,op-eration manual and quality record. Those aspects improve facticity,accuracy and integrality of data in clinical trials,and lay a foun-dation for further data mining.

Objective To explore the value of real-time tissue elastography (RTE) with tissue dispersion quantitative analysis technique for assessment of liver fibrosis stage.Methods 51 rats were injected 6％ thioacetamide to induce liver fibrosis model,and 9 rats were injected saline as control group.In modeling 4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks respectively,14 rats in group of liver fibrosis model and 3 rats in control group were randomly selected to RTE.All the rats underwent tissue dispersion quantitative analysis,to obtain 12 quantitative parameters of elasticity,which included average relative strain value (MEAN),standard deviation of relative strain value (SD),area ratio of low-strain region (％ AREA),complexity (COMP),kurtosis (KURT),skewness (SKEW),contrast (CONT),entropy (ENT),inverse difference moment (IDM),angular second moment (ASM),correlation (CORR) and liver elasticity index (LF index).Subsequently,rats were sacrificed and their livers were taken for pathology analysis.Liver fibrosis model group was divided into S0,S1,S2,S3,S4 group.The 12 quantitative parameters of elasticity were compared with each group.Results 49 rats were successfully modeled,and 42 rats were analyzed.Except COMP,KURT,CORR,the other quantitative parameters had statistically differences (P ＜ 0.05).The other 9 parameters were correlated with liver fibrosis stage.Among these parameters,MEAN,％ AREA and LF index had higher related coefficient(r =-0.831,0.882,0.866).The ROC curve was made by MEAN,LF index and ％AREA to estimate the fibrosis stage,when S≥S1,S≥S2,S≥S3,S =S4,the areas under the ROCcurve were 0.884,0.925,0.934,0.962 (MEAN);0.917,0.958,0.984,0.962 (％AREA);0.917,0.948,0.966,0.967 (LF index),respectively.Conclusions As a non-invasive examination,RTE dispersion quantitative analysis technology can be used to quantitatively assess liver fibrosis.