Objective:To compare the clinical effect of mezlocillin vs ciprofluxacin for lower respiratory tract infection. 　Methods:35 cases in A group received intravenous infusion mezlocillin, 6～9 g*d-1 in 2～3 divided doses; 32 cases in B group received ciprofluxacin 400 mg*d-1 in 2 divided doses. The therapy effect of two groups was 7～14 days. 　Results:The total effective rates of A group and B group were 94.3% and 93.8%,respectively, there was a significant differance between two groups.　Conclusion:The therapy effect of mezlocillin for lower respiratory tract infection is superior to ciprofluxacin.

OBJECTIVE To discuss effective methods of nosocomial infection management in disinfection supply division to control the nosocomial infection and improve quality of medical care.METHODS We established the overall arrangement of disinfection supply to strenthen the cleaning,packing and sterilization management for the recycled medical instruments,storage and distribution of the aseptic products,as well as the occupational exposure and protection among the staff in there,to establish the effective nosocomial infection management organization in whole hospital,particularly in disinfection supply division,to study technology of hospital infection,and to enhance the consciousness in control of nosocomial infection.RESULTS The medical safety was improved and nosocomial infection was controlled effectively.CONCLUSIONS The scientific management in disinfection supply division,is the main path way to control nosocomial infection.

Objective To study the expression of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine(TARC)in the kidney of MRL/lpr mice and to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.Methods The 24-hour urine protein of 4 MRL/lpr mice of 16 weeks of age and 4 age-and sex-matched BALB/c mice was measured.The expressions of TARC mRNA and protein in the kidneys of MRL/lpr mice and BALB/c mice were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively.Results The 24-hour urine protein and the expression level of TARC mRNA were significantly higher in MRL/lpr mice than in BALB/c mice(P＜0.05).The expression of TARC protein was detectable only in MRL/lpr mice.Conclusion The expression of TARC increases in the kidney of mice with systemic lupus erythematosus,suggesting that TARC may be involved in lupus nephritis in mice.

This paper analyzed the main problems in the thesis of postgraduates with specialized master degree of public health.The problems existed were the poor quality of students,untargeted topics of the thesis and unsound evaluation system,etc.Specific measures were proposed for the construction of quality assurance system for postgraduates with specialized master degree of public health including four focus management,multiple evaluation system and post thesis evaluation.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Objective: To investigate the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), so as to provide insights into prevention of IPA among COPD patients. Methods: The COPD patients complicated by IPA hospitalized in Yiwu Central Hospital from 2017 to 2021 were recruited as the case group, while COPD patients without IPA during the same study period served as controls. Participants' general information, laboratory tests, comorbidities and treatments were collected. The risk factors of COPD complicated by IPA were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: There were 30 participants in the case group and 30 in the control group, including 22 men and 8 women in each group and with a mean age of (75.00±10.00) and (74.00±10.00) years, respectively. There were 27 (90.00%) and 19 (63.33%) cases with stage 3 and higher COPD in the case and control groups, and the mean duration of hospital stay in the past one year was (12.89±4.88) and (8.59±3.85) days in the case and control groups, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified long duration of hospital stay in the past one year (OR=1.230, 95%CI: 1.011-1.498), stage 3 and higher COPD (OR=18.637, 95%CI: 1.415-245.402) as risk factors of COPD complicated by IPA. Conclusions Duration of hospital stay in the past one year and severity of COPD are risk factors for COPD complicated by IPA.

Selective courses are different from compulsory courses in teaching objective,students' study demand,teaching content.Different teaching designs should be used according to different teaching objectives in selective courses for graduates.Targeted scientific thoughts and methodological training should be designed with respect to the fact that students will begin their experimental studies after the selective lessons.We analyzed the current status of selective course of neuroanatomy for graduates and proposed some solutions.

Objective To evaluate the outcome and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the management of esophageal mucosal lesion.Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with esophageal mucosal lesion were analyzed.Twenty-five patients were treated by ESD (ESD group) and 45 patients were treated by EMR (EMR group).The enbloc resection rate,tissue healing resection rate,operation time,complication and recurrence rate were compared between two groups.Results The enbloc resection rate,tissue healing resection rate in ESD group were significantly higher than those in EMR group [60.0％(15/25) vs.48.9％(22/45),48.0％(12/25) vs.40.0％ (18/45)] (P ＜0.05).The local recurrence rate in ESD group was lower than that in EMR group [4.0％ (1/25) vs.20.0％ (9/45)] (P ＜ 0.05).The severe complication such as delayed hemorrhage,perforation,stenosis between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The operation time in ESD group was (64.3 ±27.1) min,and significantly longer than that in EMR group [(27.6 ± 14.1) min] (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Compare with EMR,ESD has better enbloc resection rate,tissue healing resection rate,and lower recurrence rate.It is more safe and effective in the therapy of esophageal mucosal disease.

BACKGROUND: It is indicated in researches of recent years that both astragalus and angelica act on anti-free radical and protect renal injury due to ischemia / reperfusion.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protection and its mechanism of astragalus and angelica injections on adenosine triphosphate-ase (ATPase) in renal injury due to ischemia/reperfusion.DESIGN: The observing controlled experiment based on experimental animals .SETTING: Physiological teaching & research room and teaching & research room of renal functional protection in a medical college. MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Physiological Experimental Room of Luzhou Medical College from January 2001 to March 2001. Totally 33 Japanese big-ear white healthy adult rabbits of either sex were employed,provided by Experimental Animal Center of Luzhou Medical College, in the mass of(1.63 + 0. 22) kg. According to random number table, they were divided in sham-operation control(8 rabbits), simple ischemia/reperfusion group (8 rabbits), astragalus injection + ischemia/reperfusion group (astragalus group) (8 rabbits) and angelica injection + ischemia/reperfusion group(angelica group) (9 rabbits).METHODS: One day before operation, on the day of operation and 1 day after operation, successively, intravenous medical injections (astragalus 1.25 g/kg,angelica 12.5 g/kg) were administrated in astragalus and angelica groups everyday respectively, and injection with physiological saline 5 mL/kg was applied in the control and simple ischemia/reperfusion group. In 48 hours reperfusion after 1 hour ischemia in kidney, blood sample was collected from inferior vena cava. The upper tissue of the right kidney was collected and fixed by placed in 30 mL/L glutaraldehyde and the lower tissue was prepared into homogenate. Ultrastructure of renal tissue was examined with electron microscope; serum creatinine level and ATPase activity in renal tissue were assayed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrastructure of renal tissue, serum creatinine level and ATPase activity in renal tissue.RESULTS: In simple ischemia/reperfusion group, renal tissue was degenerated significantly, and the disorders in astragalus and angelica groups were reduced markedly compared with simple ischemia/reperfusion group. Serum creatinine level in simple ischemia/reperfusion group was higher remarkably than the sham-operation control ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), and that in astragalus and angelica groups was reduced than simple ischemia/reperfusion group (P ＜ 0. 05) . In simple ischemia/reperfusion group, the levels of Mg2+-ATPaes, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were(0. 155 ±0. 020),(0.179±0.018), (0.150±0.022) nkat/g respectively, which was markedly reduced compared with sham-operation control [ (0. 174 + 0. 012),(0. 198 + 0. 012), (0. 181 + 0. 017) nkat/g], ( t = 2. 344, 2. 438, 3. 014,P ＜ 0.05 ). In astragalus and angelica groups, respectively, the activities of Mg2+-ATPaes, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were(0. 172 ± 0. 023),(0. 196 ±0. 077), (0. 175 ±0. 016) and (0. 177 ±0. 015), (0. 200 ±0.011 )and (0. 181 ± 0. 025) nkat/g successively. Except that Mg2+-ATPaes activity in astragalus group was not different significantly from that in simple ischemia/reperfusion group, all the rest were higher than simple ischemia/reperfusion group(t =2. 372 -2. 786, P ＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Both astragalus and angelica inhibit the decrease of ATPase and improve the disturbed local blood-flow adjustment in kidney, which has provided experimental basis of astragalus and angelica on reducing renal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion through protecting ATPase.

Objective To report a new surgical approach (modified anconeus flap approach) in which the anconeus and part of triceps are reflected in the treatment of distal intercondylar humerus fracture (AO type C).Methods To design the modified anconeus flap approach,the anatomy of the distal tendon of the triceps brachii and the anconeus was studied using 15 cadaveric adult specimens (30 sides).The new surgical approach was compared with the triceps-reflecting anconeus pedicle (TRAP) approach in terms of the area of exposure at the distal humeral articular surface.Furthermore,the new surgical approach was applied in 16 patients who had been treated for intercondylar humerus fracture (AO type C) from May 2005 to May 2013.The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) and Broberg-Morrey scoring systems.Results The blood supply and innervation of the anconeus was interrupted minimally during incision along the radical edge of triceps tendon.The area of exposure at the distal humeral articular surface provided by the part triceps and anconeus reflecting approach and the medial humerus approach was 42.66％ ± 0.03％ at the elbow flexion from 0° to 50°.This was significantly smnaller than that provided by the TRAP approach (46.11％ ±0.03％) (P ＜0.05).Of the 16 patients,15 obtained complete follow-ups from 6 months to 4 years(average,16.5 months).The mean MEPS at the last follow-up was 90.5 points (range,from 82 to 93 points),with 10 excellent and 4 good cases and one poor case.The Broberg & Morrey score system showed 11 patients with no articular cartilage degeneration (level-0),3 patients with level-1 degeneration,and 2 patients with level-2 degeneration.Conclusion The modified anconeus flap approach proposed in the present study provides clear surgical vision and needs no olecranon osteotomy or olecranon dissection or ablation of the major triceps brachii tendon for intercondylar humerus fractures,thereby leading to early active motion and satisfactory clinical outcomes.