AIM To explore the effects and mechanism of cobra venom serum on the proliferation in HL60 cells. METHODS Established the HL60 cells as a target to study the growth feature by the action of cobra venom serum.The agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analysis were used to demonstrate apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the cells were inhibited significantly by the action of cobra venom serum.A characteristic DNA "ladder" was detected by using agarose gel electrophoresis. By flow cytometry analysis,it was proved that most apoptosis of HL60 cells occurred when cultured with cobra venom serum. CONCLUSION Cobra venom serum inhibited the HL60 cells in vitro , which was related to apoptosis. This may introduce a new way to the treatment of leukemia.

Cobra venom factor (CVF), separated from the cobra venoms, is an acidic glucoproteins with anticomplementory activity. The combination of CVF with factor B in the blood produces a stable C3 and C5 converterase resulting in complement depletion by activating complement continually. There are many studies on it, such as inflammation, autoimmune disease, xenotransplantation, anti-tumor, etc. CVF is also an important tool drug for the study of complement role in the pathophysiological development of diseases.

Aim To investigate the effects of chloride channel blockers on the apoptosis of RIN-m? cells of pancreatic islet induced by H2O2.Methods The apoptotic model was made by H2O2 exposed for six hours with a concentration of 500 ?mol?L-1.The chloride channel blockers:DIDS,NPPB and NFA were administered to pretreat the samples respectively.The cell viability,morphological changes,and apoptosis rate were observed.Results Chloride channel blockers alone have no marked effects on the cell viability of RIN-m? cell.However,they elevated the cell viability of RIN-m?cell disposed of by H2O2.Compared to H2O2 group,the groups of DIDS +H2O2,NPPB+ H2O2 and NFA+H2O2 have significant difference in cell viability and apoptosis rate(P

Objective To obtain the acceptable range for posed smile characteristic index,in order to supply diagnostic and therapeutic basis for orthodontic treatment.Methods The 200 subjects included in the study consisted of 100 experienced orthodontists and 100 laypersons.Both two frontal posed smile photographs of man and woman were changed by several smile characteristic indexes,including the amount of incisor exposure,amount of gingival display,smile arc,buccal corridor fill,horizontal inclination of maxillary occlusal plate and distance from lower lip to maxillary incisor.All the subjects were desired to evaluate each images according to their own aesthetic standard.Results Each acceptable range for the amount of incisor exposure,amount of gingival display,smile arc,buccal corridor fill,horizontal inclination of maxillary occlusal plate and distance from lower lip to maxillary incisor,was 75 ％-100 ％ (male and female),0-2 mm (male) and 0-3 mm (female) ; 50 ％-100 ％(male and female) ; 0 ％-15 ％ (male) and 0 ％-20 ％ (female) ; 0-6° (male and female) ; 0 mm (male and female)(P＜0.05),respectively.And there was perception difference between the orthodontists and the laypersons on smile evaluation (P＜0.05).Conclusions Posed smile analysis should be an im portant aspect of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.Orthodontists should not disturb con sonant smiles but create them with proper bracket positioning.

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Purpose To explore the value of spectral coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in reducing radiation dose and contrast dose using individualized optimal monochromatic imaging.Materials and Methods Sixty patients with suspected coronary disease were recruited in the study,who were randomly divided into two groups:group A (n=30) using conventional CT protocol with 350 mgI/ml contrast agent;group B (n=30) using low dose spectral CT imaging mode with 300 mgI/ml contrast agent.The images of group A were reconstructed with conventional process,and the images of group B were reconstructed with Optimal CNR to obtain the optimal monochromatic energy images.The images of both groups were transferred to an Advanced Workstation for analysis.Double-blinded method was carried out to qualify the images.CT values of coronary artery segments,as well as standard deviations (SD),the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of aortic sinus were measured.Radiation doses and iodine intake were compared between the two groups.The optimal keV distribution in group B was analyzed.Results There was no significant difference for the subjective scoring of image quality,CT value of each coronary artery segment,SD,SNR,and CNR values between the two groups (P＞0.05).The effective radiation dose and total iodine load in group B were less than that in group A (P＜0.05).The optimal energy distribution for group B was 60-75 keV,average at (66.50+3.91) keV.Conclusion Compared with the conventional CT protocol,spectral CT imaging at optimal energy levels combined with iterative reconstruction can effectively reduce the radiation dose and iodine load,and obtain better images than usual protocol.

Objective To explore the application of low dose of radiation combined with low concentration of contrast medium in the energy spectrum CT of the coronary artery angiography.Methods 60 patients with suspected diagnosis of coronary heart disease were randomly divided into A,B two groups,30 cases in each group.Group A with 350 mg I/mL contrast agent,undergoing conventional CT scanning;Group B using 300 mg I/mL contrast agent,the gems energy spectrum CT scanning with low-dose.Two groups both adopted forward-looking heart switch control scanning mode.After scanning,group A reconstructed conventional images of 40% ASiR sequence,group B rebuilded axial surface images of single energy 65 keV and 40% ASiR sequence,all the reconstruction images were introduced to AW4.6 workstations used for analysis.Double-blind subjective rating was done by two experienced doctors to measure CT values and SD of aortic sinus (AS),left main (LMA),the left anterior descending branch proximal (LAD-p),left circumflex branch proximal (LCX-p), right coronary artery proximal (RCA-p)and pericardial fat,AS the noise (SD),to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)and contrast to noise ratio (CNR),to calculate the effective doses of radiation(ED)by recording CTDI and DLP,and to record iodine intake.By using two independent samples t test to compare two groups of patients’the effective radiation doses,iodine intake,the average CT value,SD,SNR and CNR.Results The subjective image quality score differences and coronary measuring section CT values between the two groups had no statistical significance.In the aspects of effective radiation dose,group B reduced about 29% compared to group A,the difference was statistically significant.Iodine intake in group B decreased about 16% than in group A.Conclusion In coronary artery CT imaging, spectral scanning with low dose of radiation and reconstruction images with single energy can effectively reduce the radiation dose and iodine intake,at the same time it can obtain the approximate image quality like conventional scanning.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the application of position number in the pharmacy drug management. METHODS:Three-dimensional coding method was used for coding the position number. The mentioned method was combined with hospital information management system (HIS) for the out of storage,deployment and inventory. Memory field assumptions method was used to compare the size of field memorized by pharmacist in inpatient pharmacy before and after management of posi-tion number. Sampling controlled trial was conducted to compare the drugs deployment time and walking distance of pharmacists in inpatient pharmacy and drug storehouse before and after coding management of position number. RESULTS:After management of coding management in inpatient pharmacy,the memory required field was decreased from 1 028 to 25,deployment time of pharma-cists was decreased from(36.57±0.82)min to(24.20±0.33)min,and the walking distance was decreased from(79.17±0.29)m to(38.59±0.56)m. After management of coding management in drug storehouse,deployment time of pharmacists was decreased from(61.86±0.44)min to(47.18±0.63)min,and the walking distance was decreased from(129.53±0.58)m to(68.97±0.32) m. CONCLUSIONS:The drug coding management of position number can improve the deployment efficiency and reduce the brain and physical quantity of pharmacists.

Objective To compare the effects of isoflurane or sevoflurane in combination with remifentanil anesthesia on blood amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in the elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery.Methods Two hundred patients of both sexes,aged 65-75 yr,weighing 51-76 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =100 each) using a random number table:isoflurane combined with remifentanil anesthesia group (IR group) and sevoflurane combined with remifentanil anesthesia group (SR group).Fifty healthy elderly subjects served as control group (group C).After anesthesia was induced with iv penehyclidine,sufentanil,propofol and vecuronium,the patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.In group IR,anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of isoflurane (end-tidal concentration 1.68 ％,in IR group) or sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 1.71％,in SR group),and target-controlled infusion of remifentanil (target plasma concentration 2-6 ng/ml).At l day before surgery and 3 days after surgery,the patients' cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was recorded,and blood samples were taken for determination of serum Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations.Results The incidence of POCD was 5％ (in C group),56％ (in IR group) or 22％ (in SR group),and there was no significant difference among the three groups.There were no significant differences in the serum Aβ42 and Aβ40 concentrations after surgery among the three groups.Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane or isoflurane in combination with remifentanil anesthesia results in POCD is not related to the levels of blood Aβ40 or Aβ42 in the elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Objective To study the regulation of aquaporin-1(AQP-1)changes in the heart of septic rats, compare the correlations of the AQP-1 with myocardial cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and myocardial tissue water content,and to investigate the dexmedetomidine protective effect on myocardia in septic rats and its possible mechanism. Methods According to the random number table methods,90 male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into sham operation group,sepsis model group and dexmedetomidine group, 30 rats in each group. The rat sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). In the sham operation group,the animal abdomen was only opened and closed without CLP. Half hour before operation in dexmedetomidine group,dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg(2μg/mL)was injected into the vein,while in the model and sham groups,saline 5 mL/kg was subcutaneously injected into the rat after the operation. At 2,12,24,48,72 hours after operation,6 rats were sacrificed and their hearts removed at one time point in a group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the content of AQP-1 and the levels of the TNF-α,IL-6 in the myocardial tissue homogenate at all time points,the myocardial tissue water content was detected by dry wet weight,and the correlations between AQP-1 and TNF-α,IL-6 and between AQP-1 and myocardial tissue water content were compared. Results From 2 hours after operation,the levels of the AQP-1,TNF-αand IL-6 in model group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group;with prolongation of time,the level of AQP-1 and myocardial tissue water content were decreased, but the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were persistently increased. From 2 hours after operation in dexmedetomidine group,all the above indexes except myocardial tissue water content at 72 hours after operation were significantly lower than those in the model group〔AQP-1(ng/g):9.29±0.15 vs. 9.73±0.26,TNF-α(pg/g):109.47±8.41 vs. 128.13±7.36,IL-6(pg/g):232.95±20.56 vs. 279.71±22.24,myocardial tissue water content:(74.82±6.37)%vs.(75.62±6.39)%,all P<0.05〕,but still higher than those of the sham operation group. The correlation analyses for the septic group showed that the change of AQP-1 was positively correlated to the myocardial water content in early stage(r=0.418,P=0.001)and later stage(r=0.235,P=0.022),and the changes of the AQP-1 in early stage (at post-operative 2 hours)were positively correlated to the concentration changes of the cytokines TNF-α(r=0.235,P=0.021)and IL-6(r=0.345,P=0.003),but in the later stage(at post-operative 72 hours)were negatively correlated with the changes of TNF-α(r=-0.408,P=0.037)and IL-6(r=-0.276,P=0.002). Conclusions In the early stage of septic rats,there is obvious myocardial injury,resulting in the over expression of AQP-1 and the occurrence of myocardial edema,dexmedetomidine can play a role in myocardial protection in such rats and its mechanism is possibly related to the reduction of the expression of AQP-1 and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and in turn the alleviation of myocardial cell edema.