BACKGROUND:Intratubal contraceptive devices are simple and effective, which can cause less interference on female reproductive function and endocrine balance.
OBJECTIVE:To explain the advantages and adverse effects of shape-memory intratubal contraceptive material and other intratubal contraceptive materials.
METHODS:A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed was performed to search related articles concerning shape-memory intratubal contraceptive material and other intratubal contraceptive materials published from 1996 to 2013.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The main intratubal contraceptive materials include memory metal biomaterials, non-degradable polymer biomaterials, and degradable polymer biomaterials. After implantation, the memory-shape intratubal contraceptive device plays a stimulating role in the tubal epithelium for a short time, but the effect on the mucosal epithelial layer of the fal opian tube is transient. With the increasing time of implantation, inflammatory reactions of the tubal epithelium relieve gradual y with repair of vil i on the tubal wal , indicating there is a reproductive tissue basis of fal opian tube recanalization. Polyethylene materials are characterized as high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, excellent stability to chemical drugs, water absorption, electric insulation, and bioinert, which are used as stent materials of almost al the intrauterine devices. Silicone is characterized as heat resistance, cold resistance, non-toxicity, resistance to biological aging, chemical stability, physical inertia, physical and mechanical properties, and silicone, after implantation into human body, cannot cause foreign body reaction. Polylactic acid has good chemical inertness, biocompatibility and ease of processing, and may be stil present in the body after 5 years of implantation.

The color fading reation on potassium bromate with Victoria green stand G by the catalysis of nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium was studied. The experimental condition offlow injection spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace NO2- was optimized. The linear range for the determination of nitrite is 0.00～0.30 mg/L and 0.30～ 2.00 mg/L, the solpes of standard curves are 0.708 and 0.339 respectively, the analytical speed is 80/h. It has been used todetermine trace nitrite in the collanae lake water, fishpond water, power plant waste water and well water. The results are satifactory.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of noninvasive bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation after extubation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with type Ⅱ respiratory failure.Methods Forty-one intubated COPD eases with severe respiratory failure due to pulmonary infection (pneumonia or purulent bronchitis) were involved in the study.At the time of pulmonary infection control (PIC) window,the extubation was conducted and followed by BiPAP ventilation in 21 cases (the experimental group),while the other 20 COPD cases with similar clinical characteristics,as the control group,who continuously received invasive mechanical ventilation after PIC window.Outcomes including the duration of invasive ventilation,the total duration of ventilation support,success rate,the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and mortality rate were observed and compared between the two groups.Results The two groups had similar clinical characteristics and gas exchange at the time of PIC window (P ＞ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the experimental group had shorter duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (6.9±3.0) d vs.(13.1 ±4.3) d,t=5.38,P＜0.001),lower rate of VAP (1/20 vs.8/20,x2 =5.51,P=0.02) andhigher extubation rate (20/21 vs.13/20,x2 =4.19,P =0.04).Conclusion In COPD patients with intubation and mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure,BiPAP ventilation after extubation at the point of PIC window may improve patients' prognosis.

Objective To observe the effects of progesterone on the mRNA and protein expressions of nerve growth factor(NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfused rats,and to explore its mechanism of brain protection. Methods Totally 96 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group,ischemic reperfusion group,vehicle-treated group and progesterone-treated group (n=24 for each).The model of focal brain ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).After 2 h temporary MCAO,rats were subjected to reperfusion for 3 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h,respectively.The mRNA and protein expressions of NGF and BDNF were analyzed by real time-PCR and Western blot,respectively. Results In the injured cortex,the mRNA and protein expressions of NGF and BDNF in ischemic reperfusion group came to the peak at 6 h after reperfusion,and then gradually declined to the level of sham operation group at 24 h after reperfusion.In progesterone treatment group,BDNF and NGF mRNA and protein expressions reach the peak at 12 h after reperfusion,and were still higher at 24 h after reperfusion than in ischemic reperfusion group(P＜0.05). Conclusions Progesterone plays a protective role in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by increasing the expressions of BDNF and NGF in rats.

A rapid analysis method of piperazine ferulate tablets by optic-fiber sensing technology with UV-vis absorption spectrum was established.Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained and compared by maximum and minimum wavelength,absorbance and contrast spectra.Similarity method was used to identify authenticity of drugs.The difference of contents measured by this method and UV determination method in China Pharmacopoeia showed no statistical significance (P＞0.05),while the similarity can be used as a parameter to identify the authenticity of drugs.

Aim To investigate the effects of PGF_(2?) upon glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the calcium response in NIT-1 beta cells.Methods Using the radioimmunoassay(RIA),the amount of PGF_(2?) augmentation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was determined in different conditions and the confocal laser scanning methods by Fluo-3AM as a fluorescent probe were used to analyze the NIT-1 beta cell intracellular calcium response in correlated various terms.Results In the presence of 16.5 mmol?L~(-1) glucose,PGF_(2?)(0.1,1,5 ?mol?L~(-1)) dose-dependently augmented glucose-induced insulin secretion in NIT-1 beta cells,especially at 5 ?mol?L~(-1)(P0.05).Meanwhile,Exposure of the NIT-1 cells to 5 ?mol?L~(-1) PGF_(2?) induced a rapid increase of intracellular calcium(P

Objective:To study the functional differences between the two progestrone receptor isoforms(PR-A and PR-B) in human endometrial cancer,using antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(AS-ODN) to downregulate isoform B of progestrone receptor in endometrial carcinoma cell lines, After transfection of the oligodeoxynucleotide, several kinds of hormones were added in the cells to observe the different response,whereh to study the functional differences between the two isoforms. Methods: The well-differentiated endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa and moderate-differentiated endometrial cancer cell line Hec-1B were cultrued in vitro. The cells were transfected with antisense, sense, and scramble-ODN. After 48 hours, the expressions of two progesterone receptor isoforms were detected by Western blot using specific antibody. Then the cells were planted in 96-well plates, transfected with antisense, sense, scramble-ODN and added in several hormones to search for the response in distinct hormones and oligodeoxynucleotides. Results: After transfecting antisense-ODN, two cell lines were down-regulated in progesterone receptor isoform B,but progesterone receptor isoform A was not down-regulated,and the progesterone receptor isoform B of cells transfected with sense and scramble-ODN was not changed. When stimulated by 17?-estradiol(E2)for 72 hours,the growth of Ishikawa cells was significantly higher than that of the control, Hec-1B cells only grew higher than control,but it was to significant in statistics.R5020 inhibited Ishikawa cells significantly after stimulating for 72 hours.There was the same effect in Hec-1B cells after stimulating for 96 hours.On the bases of E2 and R5020, we added mifepristone(RU486) .The cells developed after 96 hours in Ishikawa cells and developed after 48 hours in Hec-1B cells. When PR-B was down-regulated,the stimulating effect of E2 was enhanced, but the inhibitory effect of R5020 was de-creased, RU486 antagonized R5020 weaklier than the control. Conclusion: AS-ODN directed against the human PR-B can inhibit the expression of PR-B effectively,through which the PR-A expresses predominantly. E2 can cause endometrial carcinoma cell growth, PR-B is associated with the stimulating effect of E2 in endometrial carcinoma cells. Progestin (R5020) inhibits the hyperplasia induced by E2,PR-B is involved in the inhibitory effect of R5020. RU486 antagonizes the effect of R5020,inhibiting cell growth, PR-B is involved in the antagonizing effect of RU486.

Objective: To study the effects of estrogen, progestogen and mifepristone on endometrial carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Methods: The well-differentiated endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa and moderate-differentiated endometrial cancer cell line Hec-1B were cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into four groups:control, estrogen , estrogen and progestogen , estrogen and progestogen and mifepristone, then we implanted cells in 96-well plates to search the response in distinct hormones. Results: When stimulated by estrogen for 72 hours, the growth of Ishikawa cells was significantly higher than the control, Hec-1B cells only grew higher than the control, but it was no significance in statistics. Progestogen inhibited Ishikawa cells significantly after being stimulating for 72 hours, there was the same effect on Hec-1B cells after being stimulating for 96 hours. On the base of estrogen and progestogen, we added mifepristone,cells developed after 96 hours in Ishikawa cells and cells developed after 48 hours in Hec-1B cells. Conclusion: Estrogen can cause endometrial carcinoma cell growth; progestogen inhibits the hyperplasia induced by estrogen; mifepristone antagonizes the effect of progestogen on cell growth.

Objective To establish the resist-fatigue animal test through using Maca, in order to provide reference for the relevant departments to exploit new sports nutrition . Methods Thirty male KM mice were randomly divided into Quiet control group (A),Exhaustive group (B,high altitude),Maca exhaustive group (C), there were 10 mice in each group. Drinking water containing Maca (Maca =500 mg/L) was supplied in group C. Additional exhaustive group (D,low altitude) was set.Thirty days later, all mice were killed after one exhaustive test, then we tested the exhaustive time, the level of T-SOD and liver glycogen. Results The exhaustive time of group C was significantly longer than group B (P<0.05), the T-SOD level of group C was significantly higher than group A and group B (P<0.05), and the liver glycogen content of group C was significantly higher than group B (P<0.05) . Conclusion Maca can raise T-SOD and liver glycogen level of the mice after exhaustive swimming, and has function of resist-fatigue.