Objective To establish and evaluate a new mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)-primary ACD mouse model.Methods To establish classical ACD mouse model,mice were sensitized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB)on day 1 and elicited with DNFB on day 6,and primary ACD mouse model was built by painting Of 10 μL 0.2%DNFB once on the ear.Mice were kilied 24 hours after the elicitation in classical model group and 6 days after the sensitization in primary model group;skin specimens were obtained from the right ear of these mice.Ear swelling after painting was used as clinical index.ELISA and real time RT-PCR were performed to measure the expression of IL-2,IFN-γ and IL-4 in these specimens.Local lymph node assay was carried out and flow cytometry was used to detect the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes in local lymph nodes.Results Ear swelling respouse was observed 6 days after ear challenge with DNFB in primary ACD,which was the same as the time interval from back elicitation to occurrence of ear inflammation in classical ACD.Kinetics of the inflammatory response to DNFB during primary ACD Wag similar to that during classical ACD.In both models,the ear tissues were mainly infiltrated by mononuclear cells;a significant increase was observed in the tissue levels of IL-2 and INF-γ as well as in the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes in local lymph nodes;while there were no significant changes in the level of IL-4,compared with the normal control mice.Conclusions Similar to classical ACD,Thl type cell-mediated immune responses were reproduccd in primary ACD mousc model,and each model can take the place of the other in comparative research.

Objective To investigate cadmium induced adaptive responses (AR) to either toxicant challenge or irradiation and also the role of PI3K family in the AR. Methods Cells were pre-treated with 0.1 or 1 μmol/L cadmium and then challenged by 50, 100 μmol/L cadmium or 1, 2 Gy γ-rays irradiation. Micronucleus induction was measured to evaluate the magnitude of AR. In some experiments, cells were treated with wortmannin during and after pretreatment. Results Cadmium of sub-lethal concentration could induce AR in all the cells toward 50 μmol/L cadmium or 1 Gy irradiation. When challenged by 50 μmol/L CdCl1, EM-C11 cells had an AR less apparent than the other two cell lines. Moreover, treatment of cells with wortmannin eliminated the AR in all three cell lines. Conclusions The magnitudes of AR in adapted cells may be related to multiple factors, such as DNA repair capacity, the priming and challenging dose of cadmium or irradiation. SSB rather than DSB repair is mainly involved in the cadmium induced AR and this cellular response may be mediated through ATM pathway.

Ninety normal subjects were determined by the respofnse of the skin to sunlight, and were classified as sun--reactive skin types of Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ,most of them were type Ⅳ (80. 11 % ),to the next were types Ⅴ and Ⅲ. The minimal erythema dose (MED) to UVB and UVA,and the immediate pigment darkening reaction(IPD) to UVA radiation were measured for each type. Bivariate correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the MED UVB and MED- UVA (r= 0. 47d, P＜O. 001 ). The mean IPDUVA was significantly lower than the mean MED--UVA. Both mean MED--UVB and MED--UVA were significantly higher among the subjects in this study in comparison with the English people with skin types Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The validity of sun--reactive skin type in the study on photosensitive skin diseases and phototherapy is discussed.

BACKGROUND:Patellar tendinopathy is tiny damage at tendon insertion.Changes in the strength balance between medial vastus muscle(VM)and musculus vastus lateralis(VL)in the quadriceps may lead to patellar abnormal motion,even have an impact on the tendon insertion.OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze knee mechanical charactedstics and surface electromyography of the quaddceps in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of patellar tendinopathy.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Self-control experiment was performed in Central Laboratory of Physical Education College of Soochow University from June to July 2009.METHODS:A total of 10 athletes with patellar tendinopathy aged(21.44±1.51)yeam were selected as patellar tendinopathy group and 10 normal athletes aged(21.37±1.36)years were selected as normal control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Knee flexor and extensor muscles peak torque in concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise between two groups.②Comparison of quadnceps integrated electromyogram(IEMG)between two groups.③Comparison of VM/VL in different kinds of exercises between groups.RESULTS:The ratio of flexor and extensor peak torques of the patellar tendinopathy group was significantly greater than the normal group in concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercises(P＜0.05 or 0.01).VM IEMG of the patellar tendinopathy was significantly less than normal group(P＜0.05 or 0.01),but no difference was found in VL and rectus femoris IEMG between two groups.During the period of isometric exercise and isokinetic exercise,the ratios of VM/VL of the patellar tendinopathy group were remarkably lower than the normal group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSION:There are significant differences between flexor and extensor torques in patellar tendinopathy athletes.VM is under-activity and there is an imbalance between VM and VL.

Objective To measure the difference of radiosensitivity between small and large intestines toward high dose of radiation and investigate the role of stem cells in this difference.Methods C57BL/6 male mice,6-8 weeks old,were randomly divided as control group and radiation group received 19 Gy whole body γ-ray irridiation.Large and small intestines of the mice were collected 6,12,24,48,72 and 96 h after radiation.The proliferation and apoptosis of the large and small intestines and their stem cells were then detected by immunochemistry,and the change of stem cell number in the large and small intestines were detected by in-situ hybridization.Results HE staining showed that 19 Gy γ-ray irradiation caused more severe injury in the small intestine,and all the crypt in the small intestine were extinct at 48 h post-radiation.However,the proliferation index of crypt in the large intestine was as high as 0.23 (t =4.67,P ＜0.05).Compared with the small intestine,the apoptotic index of epithelial cells in the crypt of large intestine was much lower at 12 and 24 h after irradiation (t =-1.92,-2.42,P＜0.05).The apoptotic population of stem cells in the small intestine at 12 and 24 h post irradiation were significantly lower than that in the large intestine (t =-1.98,-2.33,P ＜ 0.05),and the number of stem cell in the large intestine was significantly higher than that in the small intestine 24,48 h after radiation (t =1.98,3.31,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The radiosensitivity of small intestine toward high dose of irradiation is significantly higher than that of the large intestine,where the difference in radiosensitivity of stem cells between large intestine and small intestine may be involved.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, periph-eral vascular disease and atherosclerosis, are the first cause of death worldwide. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is a complex process that involves a number of cellular processes and molecular mecha-nisms, such as disorder of lipid metabolism, inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, vascular en-dothelial cells injury and activation of smooth muscle cells. Their interaction eventually leads to plaque rupture and thrombus formation, causing serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Chinese medicine has displayed rich anti-AS activities and clinical applications. This review summarizes the anti-atherosclerosis effects and possible mechanisms of Chinese medicine in regulating lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation and antioxidation, protecting endothelial cells, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, improving coagulation and fibrinolysis systems and stabilizing the plaque.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway on the process of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) facilitating cell proliferation and invasion in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods Ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and 3AO were cultured to exponential phase,then assigned to control group,FSH group,LY294002 group and FSH + LY294002 group,respectively.Cells were treated with different concentration of FSH and LY294002,respectively.The effects of FSH on cell proliferation were observed by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT).Morphological changes were observed by phase contrast microscope.The ability of cell invasion was investigated by transwell invasion assay.The expression of FSH receptor (FSHR),Akt1/2,phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) and NF-κB p65 protein were detected by western blot.Results( 1 ) FSH could promote the proliferation of SKOV3 and 3AO cells.When the cells were treated with 40 U/L FSH for 48 hours (SKOV3) and 24 hours (3AO),compared with those in control groups,they reached the highest proliferation rate (P ＜ 0.05 ),respectively.(2) The morphology of SKOV3 and 3AO cells in four groups:in control group,SKOV3 cells were short spindle and 3AO cells were long spindle,the nuclei of them were both roundness or oval,the cytoplasm were bright.In FSH group,the cells changed to slightly longer or polygonal,they were full in shape,meanwhile,the cell intensity were higher than control group.In LY294002 group,some cells changed from spindle to round,and began to shrink.The cell intensity diminished.The morphology of FSH + LY294002 group was similar with control group,but the cell intensity was lower than that in FSH group.(3)The number of SKOV3 cell that passed through the membrane in control group,FSH group,LY294002 group and FSH + LY294002 group was (26 ± 6),( 118 ± 19),( 18 ± 5) and ( 38 ± 7 ),respectively.The number of 3AO cell was ( 19 ± 4 ),( 134 ± 20),(12 ±3) and (58 ± 11 ),respectively.The results showed that the number of cells in FSH group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ),while the number of cell in FSH + LY294002 group was significantly fewer than that in FSH group (P ＜ 0.05 ).(4) There was no significant difference in the expression of FSHR and Akt1/2 between FSH group and control group (P ＞ 0.05 ),but FSH increased the expression of p-Akt and the ratio of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus versus cytoplasm in SKOV3 and 3AO cells,there were significant differences compared with control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).LY294002 reversed the effects of FSH on increasing the expression of p-Akt and the ratio of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus versus cytoplasm,there were significant differences among LY294002 group,FSH + LY294002 group and FSH group (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe effects of FSH on proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and 3AO may be realized by regulating the activity of NF-κB in PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

Objective To establish a method of murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) combined with measurement of ear swelling for the identification of photosensitive agents. Methods The female BALB/c mice received test chemicals or vehicle alone on the back skin of both ears and then were exposed to UVA irradiation on three consecutive days. The post-auricular lymph nodes draining the ear tissue were excised 24 h following the last irradiation. Lymph node cell counts and lymphocyte proliferative rates were determined, which indicated lymph node hyperplasia. While ear swelling was also measured, to reveal skin irritating reactions. Some cytokines (IFN-?, IL-2 and IL-4) released by the draining lymph node were also analyzed by ELISA. Results Tetrachlorosalicylanilide, a strong photoallergen, caused lymph node hyperplasia without ear swelling. The mild photoallergen (6-methylcoumarin) showed neither lymph node proliferation nor ear swelling reactions. But 8-methoxypsoralen, a phototoxic substance, induced both lymph node hyperplasia and ear swelling. The level of IL-4 was significantly increased when the mice were previously sensitized with tetrachlorosalicylanilide (P

Objective To investigate the expression of Th1/Th2 cytoki nes in early symptomatic syphilitic lesions and its relationship with the sero-c onversion of RPR test in patients with syphilis. Methods The expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in lesions from 30 patients with early symptomatic syphilis was i mmunohistochemically detected with ABC method. The serum titers of RPR test in t hese patients were measured in 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after routine benzathine penicillin treatment. Results Among 10 cases of primary syphilis, the express ion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the lesions was found in 9 cases, while onl y Th1 cytokine expression was observed in the remainder case; and the sero-conve rsion of RPR test occurred in all 10 cases during the follow-up period. Among 20 cases of secondary syphilis, Th1/Th2 cytokines expressed in the lesions in 16 c ases, and only Th2 cytokines expressed in 4 cases; and the sero-conversion of RP R test was found in 12 cases during the follow-up period. The expression of Th1 cytokines in early syphilitic lesions was positively correlated with the sero-co nversion of RPR test. The higher the expression of IFN- the more likely the s ero-conversion of RPR test. Conclusion The early activation and persistence of the expression of Th1 cytokines may play an important role in the clearance of pathogens.

Objective To analyze the correlation between non-motor symptoms (NMS) and the quality of life in the mild Parkinson's disease (PD) patients of different genders.Methods 85 mild PD patients (H-Y stage 1～2) were investigated.The PD NMS Quest was used to assess NMS.The quality of life was assessed with SF-36 questionnaire.Results Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that nocturia,restless legs,depression,daytime sleepiness,decreased interest,smell taste problems were positively correlated with the score of life quality of male and pain,increased sweating,taste smell problems,sleep problems,changes in libido,decreased memory,diplopia influenced life quality score of female.The scores of SF-36 questionnaire of the male with PD were lower than that of female patients.Conclusions The nonmotor symptom (NMS) There was a gender difference about the influence that NMS has made on PD patients.The male's life quality were lower than that of female patients about mild PD patients.