Objective To discuss the correlationship between the diagnosis of surgical pathology and the signs of malignancy which is both displayed by breast conventional mammography and amplificatory mammography with partial compression.Methods 65 cases with breast cancer were examined by both breast conventional mammography and amplificatory mammography with partial compression.The results of the two methods were analyzed.Results In all 65 cases of breast cancer,the comparison between breast conventional mammography and amplificatory mammography with partial compression could provide 16/60 cases in the X-ray signs of malignancy,which were in accordance with pathological examination results,19/41cases in the occurrence of calcification,13/37 cases in ductal calcification,0/4 cases in mixed type calcification,18/46 and 14/59 cases in the occurrence of lobulation and spicule signs.Conclusion Amplificatory mammography with partial compression can provide better insight in breast cancer than conventional mammography,especially in the region of dense shadow,small calcification and dense breast lesions,amplificatory mammography with partial compression can provide higher accuracy in diagnosis,especially for early breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and atrial fibrillation (AF) by examining peripheral blood level of NLRP3 inlfammasome and other inlfammatory factors in relevant patients.
Method: A total of 60 AF patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: Paroxysmal AF (PAF) group and Non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (nPAF) group, n=30 in each group;in addition, there was a Control group including 26 healthy subjects from physical examination. NLRP3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured by lfow cytometry;blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CRP and NT-proBNP were detected by ELISA. The correlations among different factors were studied by liner regression analysis and the differences were compared among groups.
Result:①Compared with Control group, PAF and nPAF groups had increased PBMCs level of NLRP3 and blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, NT-proBNP, P<0.05, while NLRP3 level was similar between PAF group and nPAF group, P>0.05.②PAF and nPAF groups showed elevated blood level of NT-proBNP than Control group, P<0.05. ③PBMCs level of NLRP3 was positively related to left atrial diameter (r=0.579, P<0.05) and negatively related to left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.490, P<0.05) in both AF groups.
Conclusion: ① NLRP3 inflammasome was closely related to AF, which may provide a therapeutic target for AF treatment. ② AF was closely related to inflammatory response. ③ Downstream product of NLRP3 may cause the inlfammatory response which could induce the occurrence, development and maintenance of AF in relevant patients.

Objective To investigate the role of NF-?B in high glucose (HG) and cytokines (TNF-? and IL-1?)-induced impairment of ECV-304 cells (vascular endothelial cell line). Methods Recombinant adenovirus containing NF-?B supper-repressor I?B?M with mutant I?B? was constructed. Western blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and thiazolyl blue viability assay were applied in this study. Results TNF-?-induced I?B? degradation and NF-?B activation (P

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of Rituximab (RTX) in treating children with refractory steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).Methods:The clinical data of 10 children with refractory SRNS receiving RTX in the Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital from September 2013 to March 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The age of onset of 10 children (including 5 males and 5 females) was (4.47±2.75) years old.The renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in 5 cases (50%), minimal change nephropathy in 3 cases (30%), IgM nephropathy in 1 case (10%), and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 1 case (10%). Ten children received RTX treatment (1 or 4 doses; 375 mg/m 2 once; maximum: 500 mg) at the age of (6.74±2.62) years old.There were 8 patients (80%) receiving a single dose of RTX, 1 patient (10%) receiving 3 doses, and 1 patient (10%) receiving 8 doses.The follow-up time was 11.93 (5.17, 25.66) months.The remission rates at the 3-month follow-up, 6-month follow-up and last follow-up were 30% (3 patients), 40% (4 patients), and 40% (4 patients), respectively.The 24-hour urinary proteinuria and serum albumin levels were improved in 10 children after RTX treatment, but there were no significant statistical difference(all P>0.05). No significant difference was found in humoral immunity and renal function before and after RTX treatment (all P>0.05). During the treatment and follow-up, 3 patients (30%) developed infusion reaction, 2 patients (20%) showed severe pulmonary infection, and 1 patient (10%) died of severe pulmonary infection. Conclusions:RTX is effective in treating some children with refractory SRNS, and a long-term follow-up should be conducted to prevent infection.

Objective To observe the long_term efficacy and adverse reactions of Rituximab( RTX)in the treatment of children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome(PRNS),and to explore the feasible treatment plan of RTX in children with PRNS. Methods PRNS children with RTX[375 mg∕(m2·time),2_3 times]from Depart_ment of Dediatrics,Jinling Hospital,Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University between Pebruary 2011 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed,and followed up for 12 _36 months. Age,gender,number of relapses, dose of steroids and immunosuppressants,adverse reactions and laboratory indicators(peripheral blood CD20 ﹢B lympho_cyte count,24_hour urine protein quantification,etc)were observed. Results Thirty_four patients(23 males and 11 females)with PRNS were included in the present study,and the median age for the first RTX treatment was 6 years (2_12 years). After the first treatment,there was complete remission in 34 patients(100%,34∕34 cases),and 12 pa_tients(35%,12∕34 cases)relapsed during follow_up. The number of relapse after treatment[(0. 27 ± 0. 45)times] significantly decreased compared with that before treatment[(2. 94 ± 1. 08)times;t﹦11. 9,P〈0. 05]. After the second treatment,3 children relapsed due to ＂infection＂ and no discomfort was found in the first 6 months;5 of 23 cases (21. 7%,5∕23 cases)relapsed once and 11 were unclear in the following 6 months. There was a difference between the 2 treatment intervals 〈12 months(12. 5%,2∕16 cases)and ≥12 months(55. 5%,10∕18 cases). After the third treatment,with an interval of 6 to 15 months,1 of 15 patients(6. 67%)relapsed and the rest were stable. In addition, there was a significant difference in the mean accumulated steroid dose of 20 patients between 6 months before treatment [(2. 50 ± 0. 87)g ]and 6 months after treatment[(1. 30 ± 0. 97)g;t﹦6. 05,P﹦0. 001]. Of the 15 patients after RTX treatment for 6_12 months Tacrolimus was reduced from[(1. 62 ± 0. 77)mg∕24 h ]to[(0. 62 ± 0. 96)mg∕24 h;t﹦6. 80,P﹦0. 000]. Two patients after RTX first infusion had chest tightness,palpitations,nausea,vomiting,dizzi_ness,and headache,3 cases had mild upper respiratory tract infection and 1 case had severe pulmonary infection. Conclusion Long_term follow_up of PRNS children treated with RTX turns out to be safe and effective.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in children with refractory IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods:The diagnosis of refractory IgAN was defined as urinary protein level ≥ 50 mg·kg -1·d -1 after treatment with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker and prednisone. Following the case-control matching method, 76 children with renal biopsy diagnosed as refractory IgAN in the Jinling Hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016 were retrospectively selected, and the children were divided into TAC group (38 cases) and MMF group (38 cases). The 24 h urinary protein quantity (24hUP), serum albumin (Alb), serum creatinine (Scr), serum uric acid (UA), serum glucose (Glu), adverse reactions and treatment effects were compared between the two groups. Results:There were no significant differences in the age, sex ratio, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 24hUP, urine red blood cell count (U-RBC), Scr, Alb, BUN, aspartate transarninase (AST), alanine transarninase (ALT), Glu, pathological Oxford classification, and the proportions of big-dose methylprednisolone treatment before using immunosuppressants between the two groups (all P>0.05), and they were comparable. From 3 months after treatment, the 24hUP levels of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the baseline (all P<0.05), and the 24hUP levels of TAC group were lower than those of MMF group at 3, 6 and 12 months (all P<0.05). The Alb level of TAC group was significantly higher than the baseline value from 1 month of treatment ( P<0.05), while the Alb level in the MMF group was significantly higher from 3 months of treatment ( P<0.05). The Alb levels in the TAC group were higher than those in MMF group after 1, 3, and 6 month of treatment (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in Alb level at 12 months between the two groups. The total effective rate, complete remission rate and ineffectiveness rate of the TAC group all showed significant differences with the MMF group from 3 month of treatment (all P<0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups during the follow-up period of partial remission rate, point recurrence rate and cumulative recurrence rate (all P>0.05). The TAC group achieved the maximum effective rate at 6 months (94.7%), while the MMF group achieved the maximum effective rate at 12 months (68.4%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.756, P=0.003). The incidence of adverse reactions in two groups had not significant difference (15.8% vs 21.1%, χ2=0.350, P=0.554). However, the blood glucose of TAC group was higher than that of MMF group in the third month of treatment, and the difference was statistically significant [5.02(4.72, 5.22) mmol/L vs 4.42 (4.19, 5.07) mmol/L, Z=-2.745, P=0.006]. Conclusion:Both TAC and MMF in the treatment of refractory IgAN result in a good treatment effect in children, but the TAC reaches the response level faster and the response rate is higher.

Objective:To investigate the potential of the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) renal risk score (ARRS) in predicting the prognosis of children with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN).Methods:Laboratory testing, renal pathology results, treatment and prognosis of 61 children with AAGN diagnosed by renal biopsy from June 2007 to May 2022 in General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command were retrospectively analyzed.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the overall and renal survival of children with AAGN, and risk factors of progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD) were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results:Among the 61 children with AAGN, there were 14 males and 47 females with the age of (15.65±3.74) years.According to ARRS, AAGN children were assigned into low-risk group (27 cases), medium-risk group (21 cases) and high-risk group (13 cases). During a median follow-up duration of 46.36 (14.58, 95.62) months, the number of ESRD cases in the high-risk group (9 cases) was significantly higher than that of low-risk group (2 cases) and medium-risk group (3 cases) ( χ2=13.079, P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that AAGN children in the high-risk group had the worst renal prognosis ( χ2=5.796, P=0.016), while no significant difference was detected in the overall survival among the 3 groups ( χ2=2.883, P=0.237). Multivariate Cox regression showed that estimate glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)≤15 mL/(min·1.73 m 2) ( HR=9.574, 95% CI: 4.205-25.187, P=0.015) and ARRS ( HR=2.115, 95% CI: 1.206-4.174, P=0.012) were independent risk factors for children with AAGN progress to ESRD.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of ARRS for predicting the risk of progressing to ESRD in AAGN children was 0.880 (95% CI: 0.759-1.000), and the optimal cutoff value of ARRS was 5.50, with the sensitivity and specificity of 85.71% and 82.98%, respectively. Conclusions:ARRS was an independent risk factor for children with AAGN progress to ESRD, which had a predictive value for the progression of AAGN to ESRD.

Objective:To investigate the preoperative nutritional status of cardiac surgery patients in southwest China, analyze the incidence and characteristics of nutritional risk, and provide basis for establishing a standardized individualized nutritional intervention program for cardiac surgery patients.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the nutritional status and intervention status of preoperative patients in cardiac surgery department of 23 general hospitals in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing districts. At 00: 00 on July 7, 2022, the patients aged > 18 years old in cardiac surgery departments of the above hospitals who planned to undergo surgical treatment were enrolled as the survey objects to investigate the nutritional status on July 6, 2022 (the survey date), including basic information (general information, nutrition indicators, etc.), nutrition screening and evaluation (nutrition risk screening and organ support, etc.), nutrition treatment (nutrition supplement methods and prescriptions, etc.) and nutrition awareness of medical staff.Results:The 126 questionnaires were collected, of which 125 were valid (99.2%). ① Basic information: of the 125 patients, 67 patients were male (53.6%) and 58 patients were female (46.4%). The age ranged from 19 years old to 86 years old, with an average of (53.13±14.74) years old. Body mass index (BMI) was (22.21±3.78) kg/m 2. The age and BMI of men were significantly higher than those of women [age (years old): 56.63±13.34 vs. 49.09±15.35, BMI (kg/m 2): 22.74±3.86 vs. 21.59±3.61, both P < 0.05]. Of the 125 patients, 75 had valvular disease and 50 were with non-valvular diseases, which mainly included congenital heart disease [19 cases (15.2%)], aortic dissection [13 cases (10.4%)], coronary heart disease [12 cases (9.6%)], etc. The course of disease was 0.5 hour to 36 years, of which 93 patients (74.4%) were more than 6 months and 32 patients (25.6%) were equal to or less than 6 months. The proportion of female patients with disease duration > 6 months was significantly higher than that of male patients [87.9% (51/58) vs. 62.7% (42/67), P < 0.01]. The basic diseases mainly included hypertension [38 cases (30.4%)], coronary heart disease [12 cases (9.6%)], diabetes [7 cases (5.6%)], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD, 6 cases (4.8%)], etc. Among 125 patients, total protein (TP) < 60 g/L in 24 cases (19.2%), albumin (Alb) < 40 g/L in 64 cases (51.2%), anemia [male hemoglobin (Hb) < 120 g/L, female Hb < 110 g/L] in 33 cases (26.4%). A total of 60 cases of prealbumin data were collected, of which 23 cases (38.3%) were less than 200 mg/L.② Nutrition screening and assessment: 33.6% of the 125 patients did not undergo routine nutrition screening after admission, including the provincial and municipal tertiary hospitals. Among the 83 patients undergoing nutritional screening, 41 (32.8%) were at nutritional risk. Further analysis of patients with nutritional risk showed that of the 41 patients, 20 were male (48.8%) and 21 were female (51.2%); 27 cases (65.9%) was with valvular diseases and 14 cases (34.1%) was with non-valvular diseases; the course of disease was more than 6 months in 30 cases (73.2%), and ≤ 6 months in 11 cases (26.7%). Statistical comparison of the above 83 patients showed that women, basic disease, long term-valvular disease, anemia, low TP, and low Alb before operation were more prone to innutrition. ③ Nutritional therapy: of the 125 patients, 5 were receiving mechanical ventilation (4.0%) and 2 were using vasoactive drugs (1.6%); there were 5 cases with gastrointestinal dysfunction (4.0%), mainly manifested as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea. One patient was treated with enteral nutrition through gastric tube combined with parenteral nutrition support, 124 patients were fed orally, and an irregular phenomenon of injecting amino acid fat emulsion through peripheral vein in 2 patients. ④ Nutrition awareness of medical staff: 124 (99.2%) of the 125 patients had a nutrition department in their hospital; 71 cases (56.8%) received nutrition education, of which 37 cases (52.1%) were consulted by the nutrition department. Of all the cases, only 38 (30.4%) were consulted by the nutrition department, of which 1 (2.6%) did not receive nutrition education after consultation. Conclusions:At present, the incidence of preoperative malnutrition in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is high in southwest China. The incidence of malnutrition in patients with basic diseases, long term-valvular disease, low TP, low Alb and anemia before operation is higher, and the incidence of malnutrition is hidden in women. The course of disease of women is longer than that of men at the time of treatment, and malnutrition is more likely to occur. The attending physicians should pay attention to the above groups. It is necessary to establish a standardized individualized nutritional intervention program and apply it to actual clinical diagnosis and treatment, so as to ultimately improve the prognosis of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and increase the benefits of patients in treatment.