Objective To evaluate the feasibility of detecting peripheral artery disease (PAD) using ankle-brachial index (ABI) determined by an electronic sphygmomanometer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Method The brachial blood pressure and the ankle blood pressure were measured in each upper limbs and lower limbs by the Doppler ultrasound method and the electronic sphygmomanometer method in fifty-nine DM patients who were selected from Department of Geriatric Endocrinology of General Hospital of PLA. ABI was calculated with the formula of ABI = ankle systolic blood pressure/ brachial systolic blood pressure. The measurement data were expressed as x?s. Then the data of systolic pressure and ABI were analyzed by paired Student's t tests and correlations. The related diagnosis criteria of PAD, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the global accuracy were calculated. Furthermore, the correlation of brachial blood pressure as measured by the electronic sphygmomanometer and the mercury column sphygmomanometer was compared. Results There were no significant differences but good correlations between the data of systolic pressures and ABI obtained as measured by two methods. The correlation for systolic pressure was: right upper limbs 0.92, P

objective To understand the clinical features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with metabolic syndrome (MS) in elderly patients, as well as the medicine used for treatment and the distribution of abnormal metabolic components. Methods Totally 349 T2DM patients admitted from 2001 to 2005 were retrospectively studied, among them 194 patients were combined with MS. The clinical data of those 194 patients were analyzed to evaluate their clinical feature, medicine used and the distribution of several abnormal metabolic components. of T2DM combined with MS. Results The proportion of MS in the elderly T2DM patients was 55.6%. Body mass index (BMI), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), blood pressure and triglyceride (TG) were higher than that in those patients of T2DM without MS, while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower (P

Objectives To compare the value of different criteria (WHO, IDF and CDS criteria) on the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the elderly people. Methods 2 456 elderly patients admitted to General Hospital of PLA for routine physical examination during 1996 to 2005 were involved in present study. The value of different criteria (WHO, IDF and CDS criteria) on the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) was compared. Results The incidences of MS in the involved patients were 27.2%, 27.0% and 42.6%, respectively, according to WHO, IDF and CDS criteria. The diagnostic coincidence of CDS and IDF criteria was 79.0%. For the 1759 cases with the waistline data, the incidences of MS were 32.3%, 37.8% and 53.8%, respectively, according to the above three criteria. The diagnostic coincidence of CDS and IDF criteria was 76.5 %. According to the criteria of WHO, IDF and CDS, central obesity was detectable in a rate of 35.9%, 49.6% and 52.2%, respectively. Hypertension was diagnosed in a rate of 61.6%, 72.4% and 61.6%, and abnormal glucose metabolism was found in a rate of 24.9%, 40.5% and 24.9%, respectively. The most common clinical symptom complex of MS was hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and abnormal lipid metabolism. Conclusions A higher coincidence exists between CDS and IDF criteria for MS, but the incidence of MS is higher in CDS criterion compared to WHO and IDF criteria. It is indicated that more attention should be paid on the measurement of the waistline in the elderly people. It seems more appropriate that the waistline data in CDS criterion should be modified from 85cm to 90cm for the elderly people, however, this should be verified by more epidemiological investigation.

Objective To study the relationships between serum uric acid levels in adult male patients with the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.Methods In the persons undergone health check up in General Hospital of PLA in 2006,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),waistline,total and HDL cholesterol,serum triglycerides,fasting blood glucose(FBG),serum creatine(Cr)and uric acid(SUA)concentrations were measured.To the subjects without diabetes mellitus,75g oral glucose tolerance test(75g-OGTT)was given.Comparison was made on the components of MS between high SUA group(HUA)and normal SUA group(NUA).Logistic regression analysis was made to examine the relationship between UA and the symptom components of MS.The subjects without diabetes mellitus were then divided into 4 groups according to SUA levels,and then the relationships were analyzed between the levels of symptom components and the prevalence of MS among the different SUA groups.Results The mean age of the 1399 adult males was 56.3 ? 21.0 years.Among them the patients with hyperuricemia accounted for 14.37%.The levels of BMI,waistline,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,FBG,post prandial blood glucose(PBG),SBP and DBP were higher in HUA than that in NUA,while the HDL-C was lower.The incidence of MS in HUA group was higher with an increased SUA level compared with that in NUA group(P

In order to explore the clinical feature, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas, we reviewed 98 cases of adrenal incidentalomas for which adrenalectomy was performed in our hospital from 1993 to 2002. It was found that the average age of the patients was 48 years old, 16 cases (16 3%) had no specific symptoms, and others were incidentally diagnosed. Of the 98 cases, 18 (18 4%) were malignant lesions, including 8 metastatic cancers, 8 adrenal carcinomas and 4 lymphangioma, and 80 were benign lesions. Twenty one cases were functioning adrenal adenoma. Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI or MIBG were effective methods to detect adrenal incidentalomas.

In order to investigate the distribution and diagnosis of adrenal tumors, 282 cases of patients who had undergone adrenalectomy in our hospital from March 1993 to December 2001 were reviewed. There were 147 (52 1%) women and 135 (47 9%) men, with a mean age of 43 6?13 0 (3～75) years. Of the 282 patients, 83 patients (29 4%) were operated on because of hyperaldosteronism, 59 (20 9%) pheochromocytoma, 27 (9 5%) hypercortisolism, 105 (37 2%) incidentaloma, 36 (12 8%) malignant tumors and 13 (4 6%) for other reasons. The average diameter of adrenal tumors was 4 8?3 4 (0 3～22 5)cm. The size of tumor mass was smallestin hyperaldosteronism, while the largest was malignant tumor. The conformation rate of the preoperative diagnosis and pathological findings was 65 2%.

Objective To investigate the distribution and expression of adiponectin receptors in different tissues of normal Wistar rats. Methods The rats were euthanized and the total RNA was extracted from equal weight tissue samples of cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, testicle and fat. RT-PCR was employed to amplify the isolated cDNA, and the expression of adiponectin receptors in different tissues was semi-quantitatively analyzed. Results AdipoR1 was observed in rat cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, testicle and fat, with the highest expression in testicle and fat (P

Objective To analyze the clinical features of aged men with hyperinsulinemia, and to explore its influence factors. Methods 521 aged persons belonging to the high-risk population of diabetes mellitus (DM) were given 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and then divided into hyperinsulinemia group and normal insulin group according to the plasma insulin levels. Clinical features, glucose metabolism state, constituent ratio, complicating diseases, ? cell function and insulin resistance were compared between the two groups. Insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR, and ? cell function was determined by HOMA-?. The relationship between glycometabolic change and body weight was analyzed in hyperinsulinemia patients for a period of 2-10 years. Results 195 cases were in hyperinsulinemia group, and 326 cases were in normal insulin group. Compared with the latter, the subjects in hyperinsulinemia group showed higher values of BMI, waistline, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial glucose (2hPBG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP)(P

Objective To analyze the combination of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and metabolic abnormalities and its outcome in geriatric population. Methods 75goral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), blood lipid profile, blood uric acid and urinary albumin excretion rate were determined in 1059 geriatric cases with IGT and followed up every 2 years. Results Among 1059 cases with IGT followed up for 8 years, 222 cases deterioratedintodiabetesmellitus(DM)(21.0%),47casesreversedto normal glucose tolerance (NGT, 4.4%),and 790 cases remained IGT (74.6%). From NGT to IGT to DM,body mass index, systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose after loading (including postprandial 2 h glucose, 1 h and 2 h plasma glucose of OGTT) were gradually increased in baseline (P

Objective To observe the effect of different cryoprotective agents and temperature factors on the viability of Blastocystis hominis so as to explore the ideal method for preservation of B.hominis.Methods B.hominis agents were obtained from a patient's fecal specimen.Having washed by normal saline and divided into tubes,the samples were cryopreserved in-20 ℃ refrigerator or in-l96 ℃ liquid nitrogen with 10% DMSO,40% glycerol and 15% ethylene glycol respectively.The thawed B.hominis agents were then used for culture.By trypan blue staining and microscopy,the viability and proliferation of those resuscitative cells were investigated.Results B.hominis survived for 3 weeks at 18 ℃-20 ℃ while less than 1 week at 4 ℃-6 ℃.When stored in-20 ℃ refrigerator or liquid nitrogen with cryoprotective agents,they survived for more than 3 months.The cryopreservation with 40% glycerol at-196 ℃ for 6 months resulted in 41.7% viability of the revivified cells.Cleavage cells were easily observed after culturing for 72 hours.Conclusion Preserving B.hominis in liquid nitrogen with 40% glycerol is an optimal cryopreservation protocol.