Objective To investigate whether tolterodine combined with pelvic floor electrical stimulation is more effective than tolterodine alone in the treatment of wonen with overactive bladder(OAB) and the underlying mechanism.Methods Seventy-three female patients with OAB were recruited from our hospital during Oct.2009 to Dec.2010 and prospectively studied,of whom 39 cases were given tolterodine(2 mg each time,twice daily for4 weeks)alone while the other 34 cases were given tolterodine combined with pelvic floor electrical stimulation for the treatment of OAB.Data on urgency,incontinence,micturition frequency,nocturia episodes and voided volume were collected before and after 4 weeks' treatment using a week micturition diary.Results The differences of changes of OAB symptoms between the 2 groups had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Patients in the tolterodine combined with pelvic floor electrical stimulation group reported treatment benefit than the tolterodine group in the micturitions and the volume voided per micturition(P ＜ 0.05).There were no difference in the number of urgency episodes per 24 hours,incontinence episodes and nocturnal episodes (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion A combination of toterodine with pelvic floor electrical stimulation could significantly improve the OAB symptoms,and is a potential therapy for female patients with OAB.

Objective To study the significance of change of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)level of pancreas in acute necrotizing pancreatitis(ANP)in rats.Methods ANP model was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate in pancreatic duct.Animals were divided randomly into three groups:control group,ANP group,and sodium butyrate treatment group(treatment group).The serum levels of TNF-? and IL-1? were measured by ELISA.The HMGB1 mRNA level of pancreas was detected by RT-PCR.Results The serum levels of TNF-? and IL-1? were quickly increased after the model was induced,and reached a peak at 6h,but decreased at 12h.The HMGB1 mRNA level of pancreas was increased significantly at 12h,and maintained to 24h.Whereas in treatment group,the HMGB1 level of pancreas was lower than ANP group(P

Objective To investigate the calcification of thyroid nodule detected on ultrasound and the relation with benign and malignant disease.Methods Data of 107 cases of malignant and 703 cases of benign(thyroid) nodules examined by high-resolution colored ultrasonography preoperatively and pathological diagnosis by paraffin embedded slides postoperatively were collected from our hospital over a period of 3 years.The(percentages) of calcification and fine stippled psammomatous(FSP) calcification in benign and malignant(nodular) disease,in different sexes and different age groups were retrospectively reviewed.Results The(incidences) of calcification and FSP calcification were significantly higher in malignant group(63.55%,(29.02%),respectively) than in benign group(P0.05).Calcification rate showed no(significant) difference between different age groups(0.05);however,there was a significant difference of the FSP calcification rate between different age groups(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of double tractors swing microendoscopic discectomy technique in multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation. Methods From December 2006 to November 2009,153 patients with multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation were treated with double tractors swing microendoscopic discectomy. They included 85 cases of multi-segmental disc herniation, 53 cases of degenerative canal stenosis and 15 cases of lumbar instability. Among them, 2, 3, 4 and 5 fenestrations were performed in 105,33, 13 and 2 cases respectively and interbody fusion was done with "quanhe" inflation cage and screws in 15 cases. The results were evaluated with Macnab scale. Results All the 153 patients were followed from 3to 36 months, with an average of 16 months. The mean operative time was 45, 61, 83 and 110 min for 2,3,4 and 5 fenestrations respectively, with a mean blood loss of 150 ml. And it took extra 92 min to finish interbody fusion. Complications included dural sac tears in 1 case,canda equina slight lesion in 1, superficial incision infection in 1, the formation of deep venous thrombosis in 1, and revision for"quanhe"inflation cage in 1. The mean hospital stay was 10 days. Excellent results were obtained in 117 cases, good in 32 and fair in 4. One hundred and thirty-two patients returned to their work or normal activities in 3 weeks. One hundred and forty-nine cases were satisfied with the therapeutic effect. Conclusion This technique not only can reach adjacent intervertebral space easily but also disperse pressure on the nerve root effectively. This technique can provide thorough decompression and good results.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine combined with moderate hypothermia on brain ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. Methods Fifty healthy Wistar rats of both sexes aged 4.0-4.5 months, weighing 410-510 g were randomly allocated into 5 groups (n = 10each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S), group Ⅱ asphyxial cardiac arrest (group ACA), group Ⅲ ketamine (group K), group Ⅳ moderate hypothermia (group MH) and group Ⅴ K + MH. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (IP) phenobarbital 20 mg/100 g, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated (RR 60 bpm,FiO2 50%), PaCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Cardiac arrest was induced by clamping tracheal tube until ECG activity disappeared and MAP ＜ 15 mm Hg. Resuscitated was started 5 min later. MAP ＞ 60 mm Hg and HR ＞ 250 bpm were considered to be signs of successful resuscitation. Dead animals and animals in which resuscitation time was longer than 5 min were excluded from the study. In group K ketamine 100 mg/kg was administered IP at 5 min before asphyxia. In group MH hypothermia was started as soon as asphyxia was started and body temperature was maintained at 30-35 ℃. After successful resuscitation, the animals were sacrificed. Their brains were removed for determination of brain water content and p-caspase-3 expression in hippocampus. Results Brain I/Rsignificantly increased brain water content and p-caspase-3 expression in group ACA. MH alone significantly attenuated 1/R-induced brain edema and decreased p-caspase-3 expression, while ketamine alone only significantly decreased p-caspase-3 expression but did not decrease I/R-induced brain edema. MH + K decreased p-caspase-3expression further but did not reduce brain edema further as compared with MH alone. Conclusion Ketamine combined with moderate hypothermia provides better protection against brain I/R injury.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of hepatocyte growth-promoting factor (PHGF) against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism of its action. MethodsA total of 80 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental group (PHGF group) and control group (NS group), with 40 rats in each group. A rat model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by 70% liver ischemia caused by the occlusion of blood flow in the middle and left lobes of the liver, with an ischemia time of 21 minutes. The rats in the PHGF group were given intraperitoneal injection of PHGF for intervention before surgery, and those in the NS group were given an equal volume of normal saline. Serum and liver tissue samples were collected before surgery and on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery, and the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBil) were measured; HE staining was used to observe pathological changes; real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the liver. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. ResultsHE staining showed that compared with the NS group, the PHGF group had significantly lower degrees of hepatocyte swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatocyte necrosis under a light microscope. Liver biochemistry showed that on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery, the PHGF group had significantly lower serum levels of ALT, AST, and TBil than the NS group (t=11.879, 16.019, 22168, 10.235, 9.041, 12.936, 18.759, 8.142, 10.108, 11.014, 13.245, and 9.968, all P＜0.001). Real-time PCR showed that on days 1, 3, and 5 after surgery, the PHGF group had a significantly higher mRNA level of TFAM in the liver than the NS group (t=7998, 14.764, and 13.861, all P＜0.001). ConclusionPHGF preconditioning exerts a protective effect against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, possibly by upregulating the expression of TFAM to alleviate liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To study the changes of inferior adjacent segmental after different segmental fixation ,and to analyze the accelerating mechanism of the adjacent segment degeneration .Methods Sixty sheep lumbar spine specimens (Waist 1 vertebral body-S5) with pedicle screws were collected ,according to the different fixed section ,they were divided into complete control group(not fixed) ,L6-L7 single segment fixed group ,L5-L7 short segmental fixed group ,L3-L7 long segmental fixed group .The biomechan-ical experiment was measured in the 6 N · m torque loading ,L7-S1 sacral vertebra clearance were measured in different fixed sec-tion .Results Applied in fixed ,beneath the adjacent segment in the stretch direction of angular displacement ,intervertebral disc pressure was increased significantly ,amplitude in creased with the increase of fixed range .The difference between groups was sta-tistically significant(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion After fixing spine in pedicle screws ,the longer the segmentation is fixed ,the more effect it has on subjacent segment degeneration .

Background Pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) reversibly catalyzes the interconversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvic acid,leading to catabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis or gluconeogenesis and ATP consumption.Molecular modeling of PPDKs from divergent organisms demonstrates that the orientation of the phosphorylatable histidine residue within the central domain of PPDK determines whether this enzyme promotes catabolism or gluconeogenesis.The goal of this study was to determine whether PDDK from Giardia underwent adaptive evolution in order to produce more energy under anaerobic conditions.Methods A total of 123 PPDK sequences from protozoans,proteobacteria,plants,and algae were selected,based upon sequence similarities to Giardia lamblia PPDK and Zea mays PPDK.Three-dimensional (3-D) models were generated for PPDKs from divergent organisms and were used to compare the orientation of the phosphorylatable histidine residue within the central domain of PPDKs.These PPDKs were compared using a maximum-likelihood tree.Results For PPDK from Giardia,as well as from other anaerobic protozoans,the central domain tilted toward the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain,indicating that this enzyme catalyzed ATP synthesis.Furthermore,the orientation of this central domain was determined by interactions between the N-and C-terminal domains.Phylogenetic analysis of the N-and C-terminal sequences of PPDKs from different species suggested that PPDK has likely undergone adaptive evolution in response to differences in environmental and metabolic conditions.Conclusion These results suggested that PPDK in anaerobic organisms is functionally adapted to generate energy more efficiently in an anaerobic environment.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) on cerebral edema and cerebral blood flow perfusion with MRI following cardiac arrest (CA) and on successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in dogs.Methods Sixteen beagle dogs were induced CA with alternating current on epicardium,then were randomly (random number) divided into the EECP and control group after successful ROSC.MR scanning brain of all animals was carried out by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) before CA and on the first,second and third days after ROSC.Blood pressure,right common carotid artery flow,and intracranial microcirculation perfusion were measured.Results There were no significant differences in mean artery pressure at all intervals between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There was significant increase in right common carotid artery blood flow and intracranial microcirculation of dogs in EECP group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of water molecule on the first and third days after ROSC were significantly higher in the EECP group than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Ratios of post-ROSC relative cerebral blood flow (RCBF) /original cerebral blood flow were higher in the EECP group than those in the control group on the first,second and third days after ROSC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EECP treatment could improve cerebral blood flow perfusion and relieve ischemic cerebral edema,alleviating brain injury in dogs following CA and successful ROSC.

Objective To explore the correlation between the incidence of abdominal and pelvic artery distortion and age using dig-ital three-dimensional reconstruction,in order to assess risk in uterine artery embolization surgical approach.Methods Collecting the CTA datasets of 475 patients,group A aged 11-27 (n=40),group B aged 28-44(n=218),group C aged 45-61(n=197), group D aged 62-78(n=20).The 3D model of pelvic arteries was reconstructed by mimics software,and the arterial distortion was recorded by rotating and observing the 3D model,which was further classified into three categories.One was the distortion of the aorta only,the second was the distortion of iliac artery,and the third being distortion of both sturctures.the number of cases appeared arterial distortion in every age group was calculated and the ratio of the total cases to each age group was counted.Results There were 128(26.9%)cases appeared arterial distortion,the last 347(73.1%)were not found distortion in any artery.Of the 128 cases,the occurrence rates of arterial distortion in each age group were 2.5%、11.9%、44.7%、65% for group A,B,C and D respec-tively.Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that the incidence of arterial distortion positively correlated with age (r=0.404,help of three-dimensional reconstruction.The occurrence rate of artery distortion is increased with age and the iliac artery distortion occurrence is higher than that of the aorta artery.