Objective To explore the effect of Periplaneta americana reversing multiple drug resistance (MDR) of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. Methods Drug resistance of Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2/ADM was established by Adriamycin ( ADM ) increasing concentration gradient method;determined cell growth curve, doubling time change using Trypan blue staining method;detected sensitivity of 4 kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs of HepG2 and HepG2/ADM by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method; detected the non toxic dose of Periplaneta americana CⅡ-3 and the skim cream of HepG2/ADM by MTT method; detected the inhibition rate differences of CⅡ-3, skim cream, ADM, CⅡ-3 and ADM, skim cream and ADM of hepatocellular carcinoma drug resistance cell line HepG2/ADM by MTT method.Results Drug-resistant cell line doubling time was extended obviously compared with parent cells,HepG2/ADM showed resistance to variety of chemotherapeutic drugs, ADM resistant index was especially high,that was 15.25 times.When the concentration of CⅡ-3 and skim cream were 28.76 and 45.08μg/mL respectively, the growth inhibition rate of HepG2 and HepG2/ADM two cell lines were<10%,no obvious toxic effect.The inhibition rate of the drug-resistant cell of 7.5,15,30μg/mL concentration CⅡ-3 joint with ADM concentration (1/2 IC50 ) were (24.52 ±2.05)%,( 34.78 ±3.08)%,( 45.09 ±3.56)% respectively; The inhibition rate of the drug-resistant cell of 12.5,25,50μg/mL concentration skimmed cream joint with ADM concentration (1/2 IC50 ) were (19.28 ±2.56)%,(35.08 ±2.13)%,(43.85 ±3.05)%respectively.Conclusion The cell line HepG2/ADM established has basic multidrug-resistant biological characteristics.Periplaneta americana extract can inhibit the growth of HepG2/ADM,and has good effect to reverse drug resistance at the same time.

Objective To evaluate the results and side effects in three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) for esophageal carcinoma. Methods From December 1996 to December 1998,67 patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated with 3DCRT(3DCRT group),in which all were treated once every other day to a total dose of 40 42 ?Gy in 13 15 days at 5 6?Gy per fraction totally 7 8 fractions, and during the same interval, another 112 patients treated by conventional fractionation radiotherapy(CF group) to a total dose of 64 68?Gy over 44 48 days at 2.0?Gy per fraction 5 days per week were analyzed and compared. Results The 1 ,2 ,3 and 4 year local control rates in 3DCRT group were 71.6% ,62.7%,49.3% and 43.3% ,compared to 53.6%, 43.8% ,33.9% and 25.9% in CF group (P = 0.011). And the survival rates in 1 ,2 ,3 and 4 years in 3DCRT group were 62.7%,52.2%,43.3% and 38.8%, as compared with 49.1%, 41.1% ,30.4% and 22.3% in CF group (P = 0.027). However, in the 3DCRT group, the incidence of acute radiation esophagitis was higher (P=0.003) and those of hematogenous side effects and B symptom were lower(P=0.007,0.021). Conclusion Compared with conventional fractionation radiotherapy,3DCRT is able to improve the local control rate of esophageal carcinoma, with tolerable acute and late radiation side effects.

Objective:To explore the influence of frequency of machinery heating power cleaning on dental handpiece loss and cleaning effect.Methods:This study selected 180 completely new high speed dental handpiece with machinery heating power cleaning. All of handpiece were randomly divided into group A, B and C, 60 cases in each group. Cleaning, oiling by special oiling machine, packing and sterilizing were carried out for the dental handpiece after being used. Group A, B and C implemented the process including machinery heating power cleaning, cleaning and oiling by special oiling machine, packing as well as sterilizing weekly, every other week and every three weeks respectively. This study randomly extracted 5 cases in each group to check the visible stains and monitor the cleaning effects after 3, 6 and 9 months.Results:Among group A, B and C, the using times were (56.60±24.77) , (49.70±30.08) , and (46.73±35.16) respectively with no statistical difference ( P=0.800) . There were 15 dental handpiece with trouble in 9 months, 4 in group A, 7 in group B and 4 in group C with no statistical difference ( P=0.660) ; 12 of them could be continued use after simple repair, 1 in group A, 7 in group B and 4 in group C with no statistical differences ( P=0.100) ; 3 of them could be continued use after changing central spindle, all in group A. The pass rates of visible cleanliness were all 100%. Conclusions:On the basis of cleaning and oiling by special oiling machine, machinery heating power cleaning every three weeks for dental handpiece can ensure the internal cleaning and improve working efficiency, but will not increase the loss.

Objective:To study changes of pollution conditions of the new dental unit waterlines.Methods:By means of random sampling, 7 new dental chair units of the same brand were selected. Of which, 5 dental chair units (DCU) were supplied with water after centralized treatment of municipal water and 2 dental chair units were supplied with independent water storage tanks. From the first day of clinical use, water samples of three-way syringes and high-speed dental handpieces and mouthwashes were continuously collected for bacterial culture and the number of colonies was counted.Results:A total of 343 water samples were collected. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of colonies in the water samples from the outlet of three-way syringes and high-speed dental handpieces after the waterlines was rinsed for 2 min before treatment ( P<0.01) . There was no statistically significant difference in the number of dental unit warterlines (DUWLs) colonies between the central water supply and the independent water storage tank before and after washing ( P> 0.05) . Waterline washing could significantly reduce the number of colonies in the waterlines ( P<0.01) , but there was no significant change in the number of colonies throughout the day ( P>0.05) . The number of colonies in the new DUWLs could exceed the recommended standard in the guideline on the second day of clinical use and the number of colonies increased significantly compared with that on the first day ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:In clinical work, no matter what kind of water supply method is used, in addition to waterline washing according to regulations, DUWLs should be disinfected daily.

Objective:To explore the effect of ICX ? tablets on controlling the pollution of dental unit waterlines. Methods:From September 30, 2018 to February 23, 2019, convenience sampling was used to select dental chair unit (DCU) with the dental pulp professional brand of A-dec which was newly put into use in a stomatology hospital for numbering. Using the method of random number table, four DCUs were selected and included in this study, including two in experimental group and two incontrol group. In control group, distilled water was added into two DCUs in dependent water storage tanks. In experimental group, two DCUs independent water storage tanks were added with distilled water and ICX ? tablets. From the first day of clinical use, water samples were collected continuously for 7 days, and the ICX ? tablets group was continuously sampled for 12 weeks for bacterial culture, and the number and qualified rate of colonies were counted. Results:A total of 280 water samples were collected.The number of colonies at the water outlet of the new DCU that used distilled water added with ICX ? tablets as dental unit waterlines was lower than that of distilled water group from the first day, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.007) . The qualified rate of colony number at the water outlet of the new DCU that used distilled water added with ICX ? tablets as dental unit waterlines was higher than that of distilled water group from the second day, and the difference was also statistically significant ( P=0.007) . Conclusions:ICX ? tablets can effectively control the pollution of dental unit waterlines and can keep the number of colonies in dental unit waterlines at a low level for a long time, but it still needs to be combined with regular monitoring and enhanced disinfection.

The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of RSI and RFS in the diagnosis of hypopharyngeal reflux （LPR）, the scores of RSI and RFS were compared in different age groups. To explore the RSI and RFS scoring thresholds for diagnosis of LPR in different age groups. From January 2017 to March 2019, 258 patients with suspected LPR in our hospital outpatient clinic completed the RSI and RFS scales. According to their age, 258 patients with RSI>13 and RFS>7 were selected. They were divided into group A （18-<40 years, =86）, group B （40-<60 years, =107） and group C （≥60 years, =65）. The diagnosis was confirmed by 24 h pH-metry. The diagnostic rate, RSI and RFS scores were compared among the three groups. ROC curve was used to analyze the optimal thresholds for the diagnosis of LPR by RSI and RFS scores. Among the three groups, group C had the highest diagnostic rate（93.85%）. There was no significant difference in RFS score among the three groups （>0.05）, RSI score was significantly different （<0.05）, RSI score of group A and group B was higher than that of group C （<0.05）. According to ROC analysis, the best RSI cutoffs for diagnosing LPR in group C was 11, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.866. The RSI score is a good criterion for the diagnosis of LPR. The diagnostic threshold of RSI in elderly patients is different from that in young patients. For elderly patients, the diagnostic threshold for the recommended RSI score is 11.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of RSI and RFS in the diagnosis of hypopharyngeal reflux （LPR）, the scores of RSI and RFS were compared in different age groups. To explore the RSI and RFS scoring thresholds for diagnosis of LPR in different age groups. Method: From January 2017 to March 2019, 258 patients with suspected LPR in our hospital outpatient clinic completed the RSI and RFS scales. According to their age, 258 patients with RSI>13 and RFS>7 were selected. They were divided into group A （18-<40 years, n=86）, group B （40-<60 years, n=107） and group C （≥60 years, n=65）. The diagnosis was confirmed by 24 h pH-metry. The diagnostic rate, RSI and RFS scores were compared among the three groups. ROC curve was used to analyze the optimal thresholds for the diagnosis of LPR by RSI and RFS scores. Result: Among the three groups, group C had the highest diagnostic rate（93.85%）. There was no significant difference in RFS score among the three groups （P>0.05）, RSI score was significantly different （P<0.05）, RSI score of group A and group B was higher than that of group C （P<0.05）. According to ROC analysis, the best RSI cutoffs for diagnosing LPR in group C was 11, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.866. Conclusion The RSI score is a good criterion for the diagnosis of LPR. The diagnostic threshold of RSI in elderly patients is different from that in young patients. For elderly patients, the diagnostic threshold for the recommended RSI score is 11.

Artificial intelligence (AI) for science (AI4S) technology, the AI technology for scientific research, has shown tremendous potential and influence in the field of healthcare, redefining the research paradigm of medical science under the guidance of computational medicine. We reviewed the main technological trends of AI4S in reshaping healthcare paradigm: knowledge-driven AI, leveraging extensive literature mining and data integration, emerges an important tool for understanding disease mechanisms and facilitating novel drug development; data-driven AI, delving into clinical and human-related omics data, unveils individual variances and disease mechanisms, and further establishes patient-centric digital twins to guide drug development and personalized medicine. Meanwhile, based on authentic patient digital twin models, adaptable strategies are employed to further propel the development of "e-drugs" that mimic the authentic mechanisms. These digital twins of drugs are evaluated for drug efficacy and safety through large-scale cloud-based virtual clinical trials, and followed by rationally designed real-world clinical trials, thus notably reducing drug development costs and enhancing success rates. Despite encountering challenges such as data scale, quality control, model interpretability, the transition from science insights to engineering solutions, and regulatory hurdles, we anticipate the integration of AI4S technology to revolutionize drug development and clinical practices. This transformation brings revolutionary changes to the medical field, offering novel opportunities and challenges for the development of medical science, and more importantly, providing necessary but personalized healthcare solutions for humankind.