To adapt to the new medical enviroment and aiming at the problems existing in clinical teaching,the author explores the value and feasibility of new cultivation mode and its concrete methods to make clininal educatinon play more inportont role in medical education and medical elite cultivation

Diabetes is a common disease,the complications caused by hyperglycemia have a serious impact on the quality of life of patients.The wound healing after skin injury in diabetic patient is affected by many factors.This article reviews various factors related to angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetes,including insulin,endogenous hydrogen sulfide,hypoxia inducible factor-1α and tumor necrosis factor-α.These findings may provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetic wound healing,foot ulcer and other complications.

Bone is the most common metastatic site of breast cancer . And breast cancer metastasis to bone can lead to osteoporosis , hypercalcemia , spinal cord compression and pathological fracture , which seriously impact the patientsˊ quality of life and survival . Chinese herbs have a potential advantage in the treatment of breast cancer metastasis to bone. In recent ten years, a number of studies showed that Chinese medicine monomers, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extracts, and Chinese herbal compound prescriptions played a role in in-hibiting breast cancer cell proliferation , invading and relieving the bone destruction and bone pain by different molecular mechanisms .

Objectives To summarize and analyze the characteristics ofspina bifida occulta in prenatal ultrasound scan in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.Methods Sixteen singleton pregnant women with fetal spina bifida occulta who were diagnosed in the Ultrasonography Department of Dalian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2014 to April 2015,were enrolled in this study.Diagnosis was made based upon the abnormalities found in the spinal column of fetus during routine ultrasound scan,followed by a close examination on the fetal spinal column and the position of conus medullaris by using multiple scan.Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the characteristics of spina bifida occulta in ultrasonic images.Results Among the 16 cases,12 had subcutaneous mass (nine cases had follicle-like anechoic mass and three cases had masses with strong echoes).The other four cases without subcutaneous mass manifested signs of disappeared physiological curvatures or disordered arrangement of spinal column,angulation deformity or scoliosis,or asymmetry in ossification centers of spinal column on both sides of lesions and lowered position of conus medullaris.Lemon shaped head and banana shaped cerebellum were seen in one case,while the other 15 cases were found no cerebral abnormalities.Eight cases had tethered cord (the position of conus medullaris was lower than the second lumber vertebra),six cases had unclear position of conus medullaris and the other two were normal.Diagnoses for all of the 16 cases were confirmed by MRI after delivery or autopsy or neonatal operation.Conclusions Abnormalities such as subcutaneous mass and tethered cord observed in prenatal ultrasound scan are significant indicators for suspected closed spinal dysraphism and further multiple scan is required to confirm the diagnosis.

Objective To investigate midkine (MK) level in serum of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) before and after operation,detect the expression of MK protein in tissues and analyze its relationship with the malignant biological behavior of ESCC.Methods The MK levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 healthy cases and 55 patients with ESCC when the day before operation and the tenth-day after operation.Then the expression of MK protein in 55 patients surgically removed ESCC were detected by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against human MK.Results The average optical density of MK in serum of ESCC patients before operation was 0.1006±0.0624,0.0455±0.0155 in normal control group,0.0752±0.0267 in postoperative control group (t =6.203,P ＜ 0.001).The MK levels in serum of ESCC patients before operation were significantly higher than those after operation (t =4.357,P ＜ 0.001) and those in healthy controls (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of MK protein was no statistically significant correlation with tumor size (x2 =0.131),TNM stage (x2 =0.315) and lymph node metastasis (x2 =0.282) in ESCC (all P ＞ 0.05).But significant correlation was noted between the expression of MK protein and the vasculature involving of the cutting edge (x2 =4.223),degree of cellular differentiation (x2 =10.326),invasive extent of the carcinoma (x2 =20.556) (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion MK is overexpressed in ESCC patient' s serum and tissue.The high level of preoperative serum MK is caused by the tumor.

Objective To evaluate the changes and clinical significance of the serum level of homocysteine (Hcy) in esophageal cancer patients before and after surgery.Methods The serum Hcy concentrations of 168 patients with esophageal cancer and 50 healthy individuals were measured by enzymatic cycling.Results Total Hcy levels were significantly raised in patients group when compared with the levels in control group [(19.6±6.1) μmol/L vs (13.0±2.3) μmol/L,P =0.001].Hcy levels were significantly lower in postoperativepatients groups compared with preoperativegroup [(17.0±8.5),(15.8±6.4),(12.8±5.6) μmol/L vs (20.6±9.1) μmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05].Also,Hcy levels in patients with esophageal cancer were significantly higher than in the tumor length＞ 5cm group and the ＜3 cm,3-5 cm group [(23.6±9.6) μmol/L vs (18.1±6.3),(19.6±6.6) μmol/L,P =0.036,P =0.021].Compared with other T stage groups,significantly higher level of Hcy was found in T4 stage group [(29.5±1.7) μmol/L vs (18.5±6.9),(18.8±8.0),(20.6±8.8) μmol/L,all P ＜ 0.001].There was no significant difference between the mean Hcy concentrations of the node-positive and nodenegative group [(20.2±9.3) μmol/L vs (20.3±7.6) μmol/L,P =0.897].Compared with negative lymphaugial tumor-cells thrombus group,positive group had low Hcy level [(16.7±3.4) μmol/L vs (21.1±8.9) μmol/L,P =0.007].Conclusion These results showed that serum Hcy levels play important roles in the development of esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of combined examination of homocysteine (Hcy) and CEA for male patients with gastric cardia cancer.Methods Serum concentration of Hcy,CEA,CA199,CA724,CA242 and TPS in 54 male patients with gastric cardia cancer and in 30 healthy men were measured.The diagnostic efficacy was analyzed between the combination of Hcy,CEA and the combination of Hcy,CEA,CA199,CA724,CA242,TPS.Results Total Hcy,CEA levels were significantly increased in patients group compared with control group ((20.3±9.2) μmol/L vs (13.7±3.1) μmol/L,(7.8±3.5) μg/L vs (1.6±1.2) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the combination of CEA,CA199,CA724,CA242 and TPS were 73.6 ％,64.5 ％ and 70.2 ％ respectively,while those of the combination of Hcy,CEA were 92.5 ％,64.5 ％ and 82.1％,respectively.There was significant difference between the combination of Hcy,CEA and the combination of CEA,CA199,CA724,CA242 and TPS (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Combined detection of Hcy and CEA is helpful for diagnosis in male patients with gastric cardia cancer.

Objective:To explore the influence of RNAi mediated Slug silencing on the growth and metastasis of colon cancer in nude mice.Methods: HCT116 colon cancer cells use for 24 five-week-old nude mice implanted subcutaneously , established colon cancer xenograft model in nude mice ,all divided into blank control group ,negative control group and the experimental group ,each group had eight nude mices.All group were injected with saline , negative plasmid and lentivirus vectors respectively.Tumor growth was observed and draw tumor curved growth ,changes in tumor growth and lymph node metastasis between the groups were observed ,Slug gene and protein expression were detected by immunohistochemistry ,qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis.Results: Slug gene shRNA intervention group compared with the control group and negative control group ,tumor grew slower ,tumor mass was significantly reduced (3.08±0.31 vs 7.37±1.18,7.46±1.16,P＜0.01),experimental group of lymph node-positive rate was 36.3%( 4 /11 ) ,compared to the negative control group 77.8% ( 14/18 ) and the control group was 68.4% ( 13/19 ) ( P＜0.01 ).Conclusion: Targeted Slug RNA interference can significantly inhibit the growth of colon cancer in nude mice ,lymph node metastasis and the expression of the gene protein in cancer tissue ,Slug may be a potential molecular target for colon cancer gene therapy.

Objective To evaluate the changes and clinical significance ot the serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) in gastric cardia cancer patients before and after surgery.Methods Serum Hcy concentrations of 102 patients with gastric cardia cancer (including 69 case of males) and 50 healthy human were measured by enzymatic cycling assay.Results Total Hcy levels were significantly increased in male patient group compared with the levels in control group (t =5.143,P =0.001).Hcy levels were significantly lower in postoperative group compared with preoperative group [(17.08±5.31) μmol/L vs (20.34±9.26) μmol/L,(14.07±4.87) μmol/L vs (20.34±9.26) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05].Compared with Ⅳ stage group and other TNM stage groups,significantly lower levels of Hcy were detected in patients with gastric cardia cancer (t =2.306,3.285,P =0.030,0.002).Hcy levels in patients with gastric cardia cancer were also significantly higher than those in the tumor length ＜ 3 cm,3-5 cm and ＞ 5 cm groups (t =2.461,2.147,P =0.017,0.038).Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated a statistically significant association between serum Hcy concentration and gastric cardia cancer incidence (OR =1.136,95 ％ CI 1.010-1.278,P =0.033).Increasing serum Hcy levels were significantly associated with a decreasing risk of metastatic lymph node (OR =0.865,P =0.010).Conclusion Serum Hcy levels are directly associated with risk of male patients with gastric cardia cancer,and play important roles in the development of gastric cardia cancer.

ObjectiveTo explore the bone anabolic effects after a single local injection of simvastatin into femoral cavities of osteoporotic rats.MethodsThirty-six female SD rats(3 months old,body weight 250-300 g) were ovariectomized(OVX) and low-calcium-diet fed for 3 months,OVX rats were randomized into 3 groups(n=12).Left femurs of group A,B and C were injected with 0,5 and 10 mg simvastatin,respectively.Half of the rats in each group were randomly euthanized separately 1 and 5 months after simvastatin injection.Left femurs were taken out for bone mineral density (BMD) assessment with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,bone histomorphometic changes were analysized by Micro-CT,and two kinds of biomechanical tests were used to evaluate the osteogenic effects.ResultsOne and five months after injection,BMD in mid-diaphysis significantly increased in simvastatin-injected groups compared to the control group.For Micro-CT analysis,significant increase in total bone volume/total tissue volume,cortical wall thickness,trabecular thickness,trabecular number,and a significant decrease in trabecular spacing were observed in simvastatin-injected groups compared to the control group.For both biomechanics (the three-pointbreaking test of condyles and axial compressive testing of proximal femur),the values were significantly higher in simvastatin-injected groups than the control group.ConclusionLocal simvastatin treatment showed a positive effect on improving mechanical strength,structure of osteopenic femurs and BMD.Our findings may provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis,especially for osteoporotic fractures.